P3‐114: The association of executive function with limitations in instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in the United States: The aging, demographics, and memory study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152613/1/alzjjalz2010051611.pd

DAMAS Processing for a Phased Array Study in the NASA Langley Jet Noise Laboratory

A jet noise measurement study was conducted using a phased microphone array system for a range of jet nozzle configurations and flow conditions. The test effort included convergent and convergent/divergent single flow nozzles, as well as conventional and chevron dual-flow core and fan configurations. Cold jets were tested with and without wind tunnel co-flow, whereas, hot jets were tested only with co-flow. The intent of the measurement effort was to allow evaluation of new phased array technologies for their ability to separate and quantify distributions of jet noise sources. In the present paper, the array post-processing method focused upon is DAMAS (Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources) for the quantitative determination of spatial distributions of noise sources. Jet noise is highly complex with stationary and convecting noise sources, convecting flows that are the sources themselves, and shock-related and screech noise for supersonic flow. The analysis presented in this paper addresses some processing details with DAMAS, for the array positioned at 90 (normal) to the jet. The paper demonstrates the applicability of DAMAS and how it indicates when strong coherence is present. Also, a new approach to calibrating the array focus and position is introduced and demonstrated

Social stratification and tooth loss among middle‐aged and older Americans from 1988 to 2004

Objectives Tooth retention has improved over the past few decades, but it is not known whether these trends have been observed across all demographic/socioeconomic subgroups. We examined number of missing teeth among dentate individuals ( n  = 9, 113) as well as edentulism and systematically modeled their trends over time by using clinical examination data. Methods We investigated the association between social stratification and trends in tooth retention among adults ages 50+ from 1988 to 2004, using four waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys ( NHANES ) ( n  = 11 812). Results The prevalence of edentulism declined from 24.6% in NHANES III (1988–1994) to 17.4% in 2003–2004, and the mean number of missing teeth declined from 8.19 to 6.50. Older participants, Blacks, the less educated and those with lower income were higher on both edentulism and number missing teeth. Both edentulism and number of missing teeth declined over time, but their patterns varied. For edentulism, age and socioeconomic related disparities decreased over time due to more decline among older and low‐income participants. For missing teeth, there was less decrement among older and low‐income participants, resulting in increased age and socioeconomic related disparities. Conclusions Our study found disparities in trends of tooth loss across demographic/socioeconomic strata. Findings suggest that racial/ethnic disparities are partially explained by socioeconomic status. Interventions designed to improve oral health for older adults, particularly those with low levels of income, need special attention.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109563/1/cdoe12116.pd

P1‐100: Cognitive function and oral hygiene behavior in later life

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152607/1/alzjjalz201205376.pd

Edentulism trends among middle‐aged and older adults in the United States: comparison of five racial/ethnic groups

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90571/1/j.1600-0528.2011.00640.x.pd

Experimental Study of Wake / Flap Interaction Noise and the Reduction of Flap Side Edge Noise

The effects of the interaction of a wake with a half-span flap on radiated noise are examined. The incident wake is generated by bars of various widths and lengths or by a simplified landing gear model. Single microphone and phased array measurements are used to isolate the effects of the wake interaction on the noise radiating from the flap side edge and flap cove regions. The effects on noise of the wake generator's geometry and relative placement with respect to the flap are assessed. Placement of the wake generators upstream of the flap side edge is shown to lead to the reduction of flap side edge noise by introducing a velocity deficit and likely altering the instabilities in the flap side edge vortex system. Significant reduction in flap side edge noise is achieved with a bar positioned directly upstream of the flap side edge. The noise reduction benefit is seen to improve with increased bar width, length and proximity to the flap edge. Positioning of the landing gear model upstream of the flap side edge also leads to decreased flap side edge noise. In addition, flap cove noise levels are significantly lower than when the landing gear is positioned upstream of the flap mid-span. The impact of the local flow velocity on the noise radiating directly from the landing gear is discussed. The effects of the landing gear side-braces on flap side edge, flap cove and landing gear noise are shown

Oral health among white, black, and Mexican‐American elders: an examination of edentulism and dental caries

Objectives: To examine racial/ethnic disparities in oral health among older Americans. Methods: Differences in frequency of edentulism and number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth were assessed in 2,679 non‐Hispanic white, 742 non‐Hispanic black, and 934 Mexican‐American individuals aged 60 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999‐2004). Results: Controlling for potential confounding variables, blacks and Mexican‐Americans had significantly higher numbers of decayed teeth but fewer numbers of filled teeth than whites. Although blacks had a lower likelihood of being edentulous than whites, dentate blacks had a higher number of missing teeth. Compared with whites, Mexican‐Americans were less likely to be edentulous, and dentate Mexican‐Americans had fewer missing teeth. Our study also showed that blacks and Mexican‐Americans had less frequent dental checkups than whites. Conclusions: Oral health disparities are persistent across racial/ethnic groups for older Americans despite the fact that the differences between groups typically diminish when socioeconomic, health‐related, and behavioral factors are considered in the models. Our study suggests that reducing racial/ethnic oral health disparities requires multiple clinical approaches.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88103/1/j.1752-7325.2011.00273.x.pd

Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults with Heart Failure

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93747/1/jgs4097.pd

Psychotropic use and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients with dementia in the USA

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136003/1/gps4452_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136003/2/gps4452.pd

Linear Multivariable Regression Models for Prediction of Eddy Dissipation Rate from Available Meteorological Data

Linear multivariable regression models for predicting day and night Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) from available meteorological data sources are defined and validated. Model definition is based on a combination of 1997-2000 Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) data sources, EDR from Aircraft Vortex Spacing System (AVOSS) deployment data, and regression variables primarily from corresponding Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS) data. Model validation is accomplished through EDR predictions on a similar combination of 1994-1995 Memphis (MEM) AVOSS and ASOS data. Model forms include an intercept plus a single term of fixed optimal power for each of these regression variables; 30-minute forward averaged mean and variance of near-surface wind speed and temperature, variance of wind direction, and a discrete cloud cover metric. Distinct day and night models, regressing on EDR and the natural log of EDR respectively, yield best performance and avoid model discontinuity over day/night data boundaries