DNA Analysis on Oreochromis Niloticus

This study aimed at investigating the tilapia fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) DNA. In analyzing Tilapia DNA, DNA extraction was carried out and PCR mixture was used for 20 μL of reaction, making Master Mix such as 1 μL Forward Primer, 1 μL Reverse Primer, 10 μL HotStar Taq Master Mix, 1 μL DNA Sample, 7 μL Nuslease Free Water. Mixing is done by adding the enzyme at the last stage. Then turn on the thermal cycler and set it according to the desired PCR conditions. Electrophoresis is carried out through stages such as Pre-Denaturation, Denaturation, Annealing, Extention, Final extension. The results showed that the virus did not infect tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus). Tilapia sprayed on the gills with various doses showed the same results, namely no detection of KHV in mucus, kidneys, and liver

Involução uterina e atividade ovariana na vaca leiteira após o parto

One hundred and sixty crossbred dairy cows were palpated every five days from 10 to 60 days postpartum to study postpartum uterine involution and ovarian activity. A complete involution was observed in 77.5% of the cows between 10 and 30 days postpartum. The mean interval from parturition to involution was 26.4 days, with a significant difference between primiparas (24.5 days) and pluriparas (28.3 days) cows. Season of the year and level of milk production did not affect the involution time. Fertility, measured by conception rate at first insemination and by the number of inseminations per conception, was not significantly influenced by the time of uterine involution. Ovarian activity was essentially absent up to 10 days postpartum. Yellow bodies or mature follicles were present in 49.3% of the cows palpated prior to 60 days postpartum. The intervals, parturition - first ovulation (29.9 days) and parturition-first estrus (53.3 days), measured to 60 and 100 days postpartum, respectively, was not affected by the season of year. However, the interval, parturition - conception, and the percentage of cows showing first postpartum estrus within a fixed interval were affected by season of year. A postpartum anestrus was observed in 35.8% of the cows. This period was significantly shorter for cow that calved in the summer than for those that calved in the winter.A involução uterina e a atividade ovariana post-partum foram estudadas em Itaguaí, RJ, por palpação retal feita até 60 dias após o parto, em 160 vacas leiteiras mestiças normais. Entre 10 e 30 dias após o parto, houve involução total do útero em 77,5% das vacas. O intervalo médio parto - involução uterina foi de 26,4 dias, variando significativamente se as vacas eram primíparas (24,5 dias) ou pluríparas (28,3 dias). As estações do ano e a produção de leite não afetaram o tempo de involução. A fertilidade não foi influenciada pela involução do útero, não havendo correlação entre ela e a percentagem de concepção na primeira inseminação ou o número de inseminações por concepção. A atividade ovariana foi praticamente ausente até 10 dias após o parto. Corpo amarelo ou folículo maduro foram palpáveis em 49,3% das vacas nos primeiros 60 dias post-partum. Os intervalos parto - primeira ovulação (29,9 dias) e parto - primeiro cio (53,3 dias) controlados até 60 e 100 dias, respectivamente, não foram alterados pelas estações do ano, sendo-o, porém, o intervalo parto - concepção e a taxa do primeiro cio post-partum. O anestro ocorreu em 35,8% dos animais, com período mais longo no inverno

Medicinska sestra u procjeni i tretmanu boli nakon operacije karcinoma debelog crijeva

Pod karcinomima smatramo sve grupe bolesti koje u sebi sadrže potencijal za abnormalni rast stanica s mogućnošću invazije okolnih tkiva ili širenja u druge dijelove tijela. Kolorektalni karcinom je u Hrvatskoj prisutan kao drugi karcinom po učestalosti i drugi najčešći uzrok smrti zbog zloćudne bolesti u žena i muškaraca.Bol je neugodno iskustvo te ako se na nju ne djeluje uzrokuje patnju bolesnika. Bol je subjektivna, na nju utječu osobni, kulturalni i biološki čimbenici. Medicinska sestra djeluje u multidisciplinarnom timu u kojemu kontrola bola ima važnu ulogu. Znanje o boli, značaj boli za bolesnika te pristupi ka liječenju bola su elementi od kojih ovisi kvaliteta zdravstvene njege. Upravljanje boli u bolesnika mora biti cjelovito, odnosno bolesnika se mora tretirati kao biološku, psihološku, socijalnu i duhovnu cjelinu. Iz tog razloga su bolesnikove izjave u svezi boli jedini indikator prisutnosti boli, njene jačine i raširenosti. Polazište zdravstvenih djelatnika pri menadžmentu bolesnika kojega boli je: vjeruj bolesniku da ga boli. Medicinska sestra djeluje u timu za liječenje boli. Samostalnu funkciju ima pri ocjenjivanju jačine boli i pri edukaciji bolesnika o načinima olakšavanja boli. Ovisna je o ostalim članovima zdravstvenog tima provođenju propisane terapije i sudjelovanju prilikom planiranja promjena. Medicinska sestra je bolesnikova zagovornica i koordinator u timu.Znanje koje medicinska sestra ima o boli, značaju boli za bolesnika te potpuna obrada bola su elementi od kojih je ovisna kvaliteta zdravstvene njege bolesnika kojega boli. Učinkovito olakšanje od boli je uveliko ovisno o aktivnostima s područja zdravstvene njege nego od same aplikacije analgetske terapije

Medicinska sestra u procjeni i tretmanu boli nakon operacije karcinoma debelog crijeva

Pod karcinomima smatramo sve grupe bolesti koje u sebi sadrže potencijal za abnormalni rast stanica s mogućnošću invazije okolnih tkiva ili širenja u druge dijelove tijela. Kolorektalni karcinom je u Hrvatskoj prisutan kao drugi karcinom po učestalosti i drugi najčešći uzrok smrti zbog zloćudne bolesti u žena i muškaraca.Bol je neugodno iskustvo te ako se na nju ne djeluje uzrokuje patnju bolesnika. Bol je subjektivna, na nju utječu osobni, kulturalni i biološki čimbenici. Medicinska sestra djeluje u multidisciplinarnom timu u kojemu kontrola bola ima važnu ulogu. Znanje o boli, značaj boli za bolesnika te pristupi ka liječenju bola su elementi od kojih ovisi kvaliteta zdravstvene njege. Upravljanje boli u bolesnika mora biti cjelovito, odnosno bolesnika se mora tretirati kao biološku, psihološku, socijalnu i duhovnu cjelinu. Iz tog razloga su bolesnikove izjave u svezi boli jedini indikator prisutnosti boli, njene jačine i raširenosti. Polazište zdravstvenih djelatnika pri menadžmentu bolesnika kojega boli je: vjeruj bolesniku da ga boli. Medicinska sestra djeluje u timu za liječenje boli. Samostalnu funkciju ima pri ocjenjivanju jačine boli i pri edukaciji bolesnika o načinima olakšavanja boli. Ovisna je o ostalim članovima zdravstvenog tima provođenju propisane terapije i sudjelovanju prilikom planiranja promjena. Medicinska sestra je bolesnikova zagovornica i koordinator u timu.Znanje koje medicinska sestra ima o boli, značaju boli za bolesnika te potpuna obrada bola su elementi od kojih je ovisna kvaliteta zdravstvene njege bolesnika kojega boli. Učinkovito olakšanje od boli je uveliko ovisno o aktivnostima s područja zdravstvene njege nego od same aplikacije analgetske terapije

Alcoholic patients valued for liver transplant: new predictive factors of relapse

Background and aims. The alcoholic cirrhosis is a consolidated indication to the liver transplant (OLT) and is the first indication in Europe. Ninety-five percent of patients with end-stage alcoholic liver disease has never been formally valued for liver transplant. A documented alcoholic abstinence of almost 6 months is strictly necessary in order to be included in a waiting list. It is important to underline that some factors such as age, socio-economic stability, absence of consumption of other substances have turned out to be prognosis positive factors for the maintaining of posttransplant abstinence. The object of our research is to identify new relevant predictive factors of relapse in these patients. Methods. Since 2004 to date, we have been valuing 231 men and 40 women (total 271 patients) aged 23–68, affected by liver cirrhosis, in order to set alcoholism diagnosis according to DSM-IV criteria and to monitor, as well as sustain abstinence in pre- and post-OLT. Data analysis was performed by using SPSSW 18. Results. 83.5% of patients presented alcoholic dependence diagnosis; 12.9% abuse; 2.6% active polyabuse, while just 1% of patients turned out non-drinker. The average age of first contact with alcoholic beverages was around 15; the risk consumption period was within those aged 25–27, with average consumption of 9 UA/die and maximum of 15 UA/die. Sixty-five percent of patients presented positive familiarity for alcoholism. 53.9% of the sample were smokers. 29.9% of patients consumed illicit drugs in the past; among them 9.2% came out positive to the toxicological exam. A high number of patients (78.9%) presented a stable family support, fundamental for the compliance pre- and post-OLT. The percentage of patients without scholastic failures was 48.3%. Conclusions. The relapse percentage of our sample in pre- (18.5%) and post (13.5%)-OLT is lower than the data present in literature; this can be due to the identification of new predictive factors of relapse ( positive familiarity for alcoholism, premature first contact, risk consumption years, scholastic failures) as well as to a strict monitoring with specific medical management in a specialist alcohol service. Hence, the importance of the figure of the specialist in alcoholism in transplant team

Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis

10.1159/000085265Pancreatology52-3132-144PANC