Sant Cristòfol de Culla, un estudi que va més enllà de l’estètica

A la comarca de l’Alt Maestrat, a un quilòmetre de la població de Culla, s’erigeix l’ermita de Sant Cristòfol, construïda en un moment d’auge econòmic, a la fi del segle xviii. El present article es basa en l’estudi arquitectònic d’aquesta construcció. En primer lloc es presenta aquesta xicoteta, però valuosa, construcció en l’àmbit sociocultural des del qual va ser concebuda, passant en punts posteriors a la seua anàlisi arquitectònica. Des d’aquesta òptica s’analitza la seua morfologia, a través de la qual està catalogada com una de les escasses ermites saló/columnàries castellonenques. L’anàlisi dels materials i les tècniques constructives empleades i la seua genuïna composició permet apreciar la convivència de la tradició constructiva local amb l’autoria arquitectònica, encara qüestionada per reconeguts historiadors. Més enllà de la mera descripció escrita, l’article aporta un detallat treball d’aixecament de plànols, l’anàlisi dels quals permet relacionar la seua mètrica amb les proporcions clàssiques.Saint Christopher’s chapel lies one kilometre away from Culla, in the Alt Maestrat region (Spain). It was built at the end of the 18 th century, in a moment of economic wealth. This article tackles the architectural study of the said chapel. Firstly, the little but nonetheless cherished construction is presented in the socio-cultural context where it was envisaged, moving later on to its architectural analysis. Following this perspective, the morphology of the chapel is addressed, rendering the construction as one of the very few chapels in Castelló with a column-based structure. The analysis of the materials and the construction techniques applied, as well as its unique composition, makes it possible to appreciate the coexistence of the local construction tradition together with the idiosyncratic architectural authorship of the chapel, still in question among renowned historians. Beyond the mere description of the construction, this paper brings a detailed work on its topographic site plans, whose analysis allows connecting the measures of the chapel to classic proportions

Lectura de las proporciones utilizadas por el maestro Ayora en las iglesias salón valencianas del XVIII

En el presente artículo se analiza la obra del Maestro Arquitecto Joseph Ayora y su saga, y su aportación a los templos valencianos del XVIII, concebidos siguiendo el modelo hallenkirchen. Nacido en un pequeño pueblo de Teruel pronto dejará indicios de su actividad como tracista y constructor en la provincia de Castellón, donde al menos se le relaciona con once templos, de los cuales cinco son columnarios. En las Iglesias de Castell de Cabres y Cinctorres ha sido documentada la autoría de sus trazas, en Vila-real su aportación fue parcial, mientras que en las de Benifairó de les Valls y Suera se le presupone. El análisis gráfico basado en el exhaustivo levantamiento de planos de la obra patrimonial construida y en el estudio comparado de sus trazados reguladores, su métrica y su composición, se muestra como una herramienta veraz, capaz de esclarecer presuntas autorías y desvelar el patrón de diseño de los tracistas.In the present article it is analyses the building work of the family’s Master Architect Joseph Ayora, and his contribution to the Valencian temples of the XVIIIth conceived following the hallenkirchen model. This master mason was born in a little village of Teruel, he will leave early indications of his activity as tracer and builder in Castellón’s province, where at least he is related to eleven temples, of which five are hall churches. In the Churches of Castell de Cabres and Cinctorres has been documented the authorship of its traces, in Vila-real its contribution was partial, whereas in the churches of Benifairó de les Valls and Suera it is presupposed. The graphical analysis based on the exhaustive raising of planes of the patrimonial constructed work and on the compared study of its regulatory tracings, its metrics and its composition, appears as a veracious tool, capable of clarifying supposed authorships and reveals the template of design of the tracers

Evolución de la arquitectura tradicional urbana de Benlloch

La evolución de cada población es una característica intrínseca a cada una de ellas. El lugar que ocupa dentro de un conjunto y las bondades de su entorno van a determinar, en primer lugar, su crecimiento o, en defecto, su decrecimiento; y en segundo lugar las principales ocupaciones de sus habitantes. Estos factores están vinculados directamente con su arquitectura, cuya formalización responde a unas necesidades concretas. El presente artículo supone una puesta en valor, a través del conocimiento, de la arquitectura tradicional de la población castellonense de Benlloch. La investigación se aborda desde diferentes ámbitos disciplinarios, de modo que se exploran sus características formales, constructivas y materiales. Y se basa en el estudio, análisis y comparación, tanto de sus fachadas como del conocimiento de su distribución interior. Lo que permite, por un lado, establecer una clasificación tipológica, vinculada a una etapa y unas necesidades concretas. Y por otro, mostrar la singularidad de las soluciones constructivas empleadas, íntimamente ligada a su orografía

Effect of tiles, bricks and ceramic sanitary-ware recycled aggregates on structural concrete properties

In this paper, tile ceramic waste (TCW)1, red clay bricks (RCB) and ceramic sanitaryware (CSW) were used as the partial replacement (14-30 wt.%) of natural limestone aggregates to produce structural concrete. The natural and recycled aggregates were characterised, and the strength and density of the hardened concrete were investigated after 7 and 28 curing days at room temperature. The TCW concrete obtained the best compressive strength results (strength gain of up to 7% with 20 wt.% waste after 28 curing days). The mechanical properties of the CSW recycled concrete were similar to those of traditional samples, and slightly diminished with curing time and aggregate substitution, with a maximum strength loss of 5.77% for the 30 wt.% replacement. Although the RCB concrete presented the greatest strength loss (up to 18.4% after 7 curing days), it exhibited the best improvement of the strength with curing time, which resulted in a strength loss of only 11% in the 30 wt.% RCB concretes cured for 28 days. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using TCW and CSW as recycled aggregates in structural concrete production without significantly affecting the developed recycled concrete’s compressive strength

Contribution of Roof Refurbishment to Urban Sustainability

Achieving sustainable urban environments is a challenging goal—especially in existing cities with high percentages of old and obsolete buildings. This work analyzes the contribution of roof refurbishment to sustainability, considering that most roofs are currently underused. Many potential benefits of refurbishment can be achieved, such as the improvement of the energy performance of the buildings and the use of a wasted space for increasing green areas or for social purposes. In order to estimate the degree of the improvement, a vulnerable area in Castellón (east Spain) was selected as a case study. A thorough analysis of the residential building stock was undertaken. Using georeferenced information from the Cadastral Office we classified them according to typology, year of construction and roof type. Some refurbishment solutions were proposed and their applicability to the actual buildings was analyzed under different criteria. The theoretical benefits obtained in the neighborhood such as energy and carbon emissions savings were evaluated, together with the increase of green areas. Moreover, other social uses were suggested for neglected urban spaces in the area. Finally, a more accurate analysis was performed combining different solutions in a specific building, according to its particular characteristics

Utilisation of Ceramic Stoneware Tile Waste as Recycled Aggregate in Concrete

The construction industry has a significant environmental impact and concrete production is responsible for a large part of CO2 emissions and energy consumption. This study focused on the reutilisation of a specific type of tiles ceramic waste (TCW), composed only of stoneware and porcelain stoneware tiles, hereafter referred to as ceramic stoneware (CS), as recycled aggregate in concrete. Natural limestone and CS aggregates (sand and gravel) were characterised (particle size distribution, water absorption, resistance to wear, density and X-ray diffraction analyses) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was prepared by replacing 20, 50 and 100 vol.% of sand and gravel, separately. Concrete workability generally improved with CW addition, especially when replacing natural gravel. Although the compressive strengths of the concrete specimens prepared with recycled sand were slightly lower than those of the reference specimens, similar or better results were recorded with the recycled CS gravel. In consonance, the RAC developed with recycled gravel obtained lower water penetration depths than the reference concrete. No significant variation in tensile strength was observed when varying CS content (values within the 2.33–2.65 MPa range). The study contributes to sustainable construction practices and circular economy by promoting the valorisation and reutilisation of industrial waste and reducing the consumption of natural resources.This research was funded by Generalitat Valenciana, the regional government of Valencia, through Project INVEST/2022/243, and by Universitat Jaume I (UJI) through Project UJI-B2021-34

Reutilisation of hazardous spent fluorescent lamps glass waste as supplementary cementitious material

Spent fluorescent lamps glass (SFLG) waste, manually and mechanically processed in a lamps waste treatment plant, was used to partially replace up to 50 wt% Portland cement (PC). Both waste types exhibited similar pozzolanic activity. The mortars containing up to 35 wt% SFLG met the specifications for other pozzolanic materials (e.g. fly ash) and, after 90 curing days, their compressive strength values were similar to or higher than those of the 100% PC sample (58.8 MPa). Our results provide an alternative reutilization process for this hazardous waste to reuse SFLG as-received (no washing to reduce mercury) and contributes to less PC use.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume

In difficulty lies opportunity: teaching improvements after an entirely online experience

Ponencia presentada en: I Congreso de Escuelas de Edificación y Arquitectura Técnica de España. On-line, València, 4 y 5 de noviembre de 2021. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación. Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaThe global pandemic of Covid-19 forced to all educational levels to adapt in record time to an entirely online teaching. It was necessary to adapt content, materials and methodologies, maintaining the quality of teaching. Despite the fact that universities had various tools, such as their virtual platforms, which have improved student-teacher interaction and facilitate the management of resources and content, they were not prepared for such a drastic and significant change. However, the university community proved to be quickly adapted and moved on, and the update process entailed an opportunity to change towards a new, more active and student-centered teaching model. This communication presents the practical experience of a subject of construction materials of the degree in Technical Architecture of the Universitat Jaume I. It describes how the teaching was adapted during confinement and afterwards, how the experience improved the subject in a face-to-face or hybrid teaching model. The training in digital skills of the teaching staff, the new possibilities of communication with the students, or the new habits acquired have made it possible to improve the teaching-learning process, developing various activities to support face-to-face tasks, more attractive, interactive and motivating, which help students to improve their skills and learning outcomes.La pandemia mundial de la Covid-19 obligó a adaptar en tiempo récord una docencia íntegramente online en todos los niveles educativos. Fue necesario adaptar contenidos, materiales y metodologías, evitando perjudicar a la calidad de la enseñanza. Pese a que las universidades contaban con diversas herramientas, como sus plataformas virtuales, que mejoran la interacción alumno – profesor y facilitan la gestión de recursos, no estaban preparadas para un cambio tan drástico y significativo. No obstante, la comunidad universitaria se adaptó rápidamente y siguió adelante, actualizándose, lo que derivaría en una oportunidad de cambio hacia un nuevo modelo de enseñanza más activo y centrado en el estudiantado. Esta comunicación presenta la experiencia práctica de una asignatura de materiales de construcción del grado en Arquitectura Técnica de la Universitat Jaume I. Se describe cómo se adaptó la docencia durante el confinamiento para, posteriormente, incorporar mejoras en el modelo presencial o híbrido. La formación en competencias digitales del profesorado, las nuevas posibilidades de comunicación con el alumnado, o los nuevos hábitos adquiridos han permitido mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, desarrollando diversas actividades de apoyo a las tareas presenciales, más atractivas, interactivas y motivadoras, que ayuden al alumnado a mejorar sus competencias y resultados de aprendizaje

Datos estadísticos de viviendas

Material addicional de la ponència presentada al II Congrés Obert i Virtual Castelló 2020. Castelló de la Plana, 201