15 research outputs found

    Quantification of levoglucosan and its isomers by High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry and its application to atmospheric and soil samples

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    http://www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/4/4539/2011/amtd-4-4539-2011.htmlInternational audienceThe determination of atmospheric concentrations of levoglucosan and its two isomers, unambiguous tracers of biomass burning emissions, became even more important with the development of wood as renewable energy for domestic heating. Many researches demonstrated the increase during recent years of atmospheric particulate matter load due to domestic biomass combustion in developed countries. Analysis of biomass burning tracers is traditionally performed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique after derivatization and requires an organic solvent extraction. A simpler and faster technique using Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionisation - tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was optimized for the analysis of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan isomers after an aqueous extraction. This technique allows a good separation between the three compounds in a very reduced time (runtime ~5 min). LOD and LOQ of this method are 30 ÎŒg l−1 and 100 ÎŒg l−1 respectively, allowing the use of filters from low-volume sampler (as commonly used in routine campaigns). A comparison of simultaneous levoglucosan measurements by GC-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS for about 50 samples coming from different types of sampling sites and seasons was realized and shows very good agreement between the two methods. Therefore LC-ESI-MS/MS method can be used as an alternative to GC-MS particularly for measurement campaigns in routine where analysis time is important and detection limit is reduced. This paper shows that this method is also applicable to other environmental sample types like soil

    Impact of residential wood burning on indoor air quality

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    International audienceThis study aims at characterizing indoor air quality in single family dwellings burning wood regularly, studying the air change rate during wood burning and analyzing impact on outdoor air. Field investigations were performed, in February and November 2007, in six occupied houses located in rural areas (two equipped with an opened fireplace, two with respectively an old closed fireplace and a recent one, and two with respectively an old woodstove and a recent one). Continuous measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed in the room equipped with the wood burning appliance. Moreover in this room and in the main bedroom, PM10 and PM2.5, PAHs (on PM10 fraction), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, ketones, and tracers of wood combustion such as levoglucosan and methoxyphenols on PM10 fraction, were also measured. Air exchange rates and building permeability were characterized through different means

    Impact de la combustion du bois sur la qualité de l'air ambiant de quatre villes de France : évaluation de l'approche par traceurs organiques

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    National audienceNowadays, promoted as a renewable energy, biomass burning becomes more and more widespread all over the world. In urban and rural areas biomass, mainly wood, is burned for heating, cooking, and waste disposal purposes. This biofuel seems to be an alternative to the rarefaction of the fossil fuel and, moreover it decreases the emission of carbon dioxide causing global warming. However, wood smoke contains various air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, dioxins... and in consequence has an impact on the air quality. In order to estimate the contribution of wood burning on the atmospheric organic aerosol of urban areas, the French ministry of environment (MEEDDAT), called upon this study during the winter 2006/2007, in the French cities of Grenoble, Lille, Strasbourg and Gennevilliers. For this work, different species have been looked after. The global characterization of the atmospheric aerosols has been made taking in account the PM10, the organic carbon (OC), and the elementary carbon (EC). Measurement of biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan) has been undertaken, as well as methoxyphenols, which are more specific wood smoke tracers. The analyses of organic tracers by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC/MS) show average concentrations of levoglucosan in the range of 272 ng.m-3 for Gennevilliers to 1 148 ng.m-3 for Grenoble. Mannosan and galactosan have also been measured in all cities but in lower quantities. The methoxyphenols have been detected only in rare occasions and at the limit of detection of the analytical method. PM10 measurements range from 20.6 micro g.m-3 for Gennevilliers to 35.8 micro g.m-3 for Grenoble. At the same time, OC values range from 3.61 micro g.m-3 to 11.15 micro g.m-3. Moreover high correlations have been observed between levoglucosan and OC, respectively 0.80 and 0.86 for Grenoble and Strasbourg. In addition, with respectively 10.98 ng.m-3 and 8.20 ng.m-3, Grenoble and Strasbourg present the highest particulate PAHs average concentrations of the four cities. All these results seem to indicate that Grenoble and Strasbourg are more impacted by the biomass burning than the two other cities. And more particularly in Grenoble where the organic aerosol fraction is very huge, this last phenomenon is typically characteristic of the biomass burning. To conclude, this study shows and confirms the usefulness of levoglucosan as biomass burning tracer and the difficulty to use methoxyphenols as woodsmoke tracers in ambient areas.De nos jours, l'utilisation du bois en tant que combustible est relativement rĂ©pandue en France et dans le monde entier. L'augmentation du prix du pĂ©trole et des autres sources d'Ă©nergie Ă©puisables va certainement engendrer dans les annĂ©es Ă  venir une contribution accrue du chauffage domestique au bois. L'utilisation de cette source d'Ă©nergie renouvelable pose cependant de nombreux problĂšmes sur la santĂ© humaine. En effet, la fumĂ©e Ă©mise lors de la combustion du bois contient un certain nombre de composĂ©s polluants, tels que les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), le benzĂšne, les fines particules (PM10, PM2,5)... Les Ă©missions de la combustion du bois ont donc un impact sur la qualitĂ© de l'air. Cet impact peut ĂȘtre Ă©valuĂ© par l'Ă©tude de traceurs organiques spĂ©cifiques de la combustion du bois identifiables au sein de la composante organique des aĂ©rosols. Ces traceurs sont des produits provenant de la combustion de la cellulose et de l'hĂ©micellulose tels que le lĂ©voglucosan, mannosan, galactosan et des composĂ©s issus de la thermodĂ©gradation de la lignine tels que les mĂ©thoxyphĂ©nols. Cette mĂ©thode a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e Ă  une Ă©tude commanditĂ©e Ă  l'INERIS par le ministĂšre de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du DĂ©veloppement Durable et de l'AmĂ©nagement du Territoire (MEEDDAT), en partenariat avec des Associations agrĂ©Ă©es de la surveillance de la qualitĂ© de l'air (AASQA). L'objectif Ă©tait de caractĂ©riser l'influence de la combustion du bois sur la composante organique de l'aĂ©rosol atmosphĂ©rique en site urbain. Des prĂ©lĂšvements d'aĂ©rosols ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s sur une pĂ©riode allant de novembre 2006 Ă  avril 2007, dans quatre grandes villes de France : Grenoble, Lille, Strasbourg, et Gennevilliers. L'analyse par chromatographie gazeuse couplĂ©e Ă  un spectromĂštre de masse (GC/MS) des traceurs organiques les plus stables, lĂ©voglucosan, mannosan et galactosan, confirme l'influence de cette source sur la qualitĂ© de l'air des quatre villes. Sur la pĂ©riode d'Ă©tude, la concentration moyenne en lĂ©voglucosan varie de 272 ng.m-3 pour la ville de Gennevilliers Ă  1 148 ng.m-3 pour la ville de Grenoble. La confrontation des rĂ©sultats de ces traceurs avec les donnĂ©es usuelles de caractĂ©risation de l'aĂ©rosol, telles que le carbone organique (OC) et le carbone Ă©lĂ©mentaire (EC), montre une participation du chauffage au bois plus importante dans les villes de Grenoble et de Strasbourg. Les rĂ©sultats d'analyse du lĂ©voglucosan obtenus sur la ville de Gennevilliers indiquent une trĂšs bonne corrĂ©lation avec les HAP particulaires et les PM10. Ces rĂ©sultats prouvent que la combustion du bois joue un rĂŽle important sur la composition de la matiĂšre organique de l'aĂ©rosol atmosphĂ©rique et sur la pollution particulaire en milieu urbain. En revanche, les mĂ©thoxyphĂ©nols ont Ă©tĂ© peu dĂ©tectĂ©s sur les divers Ă©chantillons analysĂ©s

    Contribution du chauffage au bois à la qualité de l'air extérieur : données existantes et études en cours en France

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    http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=21317330International audienceLes Ă©tudes françaises visant Ă  mieux cerner la contribution des diffĂ©rentes sources de particules, dont le chauffage au bois, Ă  la qualitĂ© de l'air extĂ©rieur se gĂ©nĂ©ralisent. Quantifier l'influence d'une source particuliĂšre sur la qualitĂ© de l'air nĂ©cessite de disposer de paramĂštres mesurables spĂ©cifiques Ă  cette source. Dans ce contexte, de nombreuses Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© axĂ©es sur la dĂ©termination, dans des Ă©chantillons atmosphĂ©riques, de composĂ©s dits sources-spĂ©cifiques ou couramment appelĂ©s traceurs. Les travaux français effectuĂ©s depuis 2000 concernant l'Ă©tude de la contribution de la source « combustion du bois » se sont basĂ©s sur l'utilisation de certains traceurs comme le lĂ©voglucosan et les mĂ©toxyphĂ©nols, en confrontant les rĂ©sultats de mesures obtenus aux caractĂ©ristiques globales de l'aĂ©rosol atmosphĂ©rique telles que les concentrations en carbone organique (OC), en carbone Ă©lĂ©mentaire (EC), en PM10 ou PM2,5, ainsi qu'aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus dans les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tudes prĂ©sentĂ©es dans cet article montrent l'intĂ©rĂȘt mais Ă©galement les limites d'une telle approche, ainsi que le besoin de dĂ©velopper et de complĂ©ter les Ă©tudes en cours afin de mieux quantifier la contribution des diffĂ©rentes sources de particules Ă  la qualitĂ© de l'ai

    Contribution du chauffage au bois à la qualité de l'air extérieur : données existantes et études en cours en France

    No full text
    http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=21317330International audienceLes Ă©tudes françaises visant Ă  mieux cerner la contribution des diffĂ©rentes sources de particules, dont le chauffage au bois, Ă  la qualitĂ© de l'air extĂ©rieur se gĂ©nĂ©ralisent. Quantifier l'influence d'une source particuliĂšre sur la qualitĂ© de l'air nĂ©cessite de disposer de paramĂštres mesurables spĂ©cifiques Ă  cette source. Dans ce contexte, de nombreuses Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© axĂ©es sur la dĂ©termination, dans des Ă©chantillons atmosphĂ©riques, de composĂ©s dits sources-spĂ©cifiques ou couramment appelĂ©s traceurs. Les travaux français effectuĂ©s depuis 2000 concernant l'Ă©tude de la contribution de la source « combustion du bois » se sont basĂ©s sur l'utilisation de certains traceurs comme le lĂ©voglucosan et les mĂ©toxyphĂ©nols, en confrontant les rĂ©sultats de mesures obtenus aux caractĂ©ristiques globales de l'aĂ©rosol atmosphĂ©rique telles que les concentrations en carbone organique (OC), en carbone Ă©lĂ©mentaire (EC), en PM10 ou PM2,5, ainsi qu'aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus dans les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tudes prĂ©sentĂ©es dans cet article montrent l'intĂ©rĂȘt mais Ă©galement les limites d'une telle approche, ainsi que le besoin de dĂ©velopper et de complĂ©ter les Ă©tudes en cours afin de mieux quantifier la contribution des diffĂ©rentes sources de particules Ă  la qualitĂ© de l'ai

    Impact of domestic woodburning appliances on indoor air quality

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    International audienceData on the impact of domestic woodburning on indoor air quality (IAQ) is poor whereas use of such heating systems increase with the development of biofuels. This project aims at characterising IAQ in single family dwellings burning wood. Field investigations were performed in three occupied houses respectively equipped with an open fireplace, an old and a recent woodstoves. Continuous measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed in the room with the appliance. Moreover in this room and in a bedroom, PM10 and PM2.5, PAHs (on PM10 fraction), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, ketones, and tracers of wood combustion such as levoglucosan and methoxyphenols, were measured. The measurements were operated before and during woodburning; nominal and reduced burning conditions were tested. Permeability and ventilation were assessed using different techniques: blower door, tracer gas, visual inspection, and CO2 or exhausted airflow rate measurement
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