Przygotowanie nauczycieli do korzystania z sieci w nauczaniu sztuki (sztuka w sieci – aspekty edukacyjne)

Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Mobile genetic elements – mechanism and consequences of transposition

Retrotransposons represent a significant part of the genome in eukaryote organisms. With DNA transposons, they belong to mobile genetic elements. There are two classes of transposons, DNA transposons and retrotransposons. Retrotransposons have three genes in their structure (gag, pol, env), responsible for the activation and encoding of structural proteins and envelope proteins. There is a group of retroelements without LTR (non-LTR). This group consists LINE (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements) and SINE (Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements) sequences. LINE sequences represent 20% of human genetic material. Sequences of retrotransposons can move within the genome of a particular organism, occasionally subjected to replication as a result of enzyme activity, i.e. reverse transcriptase. The process of retro transposition is imperfect. These processes often cause mutation (most often: insertion, deletion), genetic instability, they contribute to the development of diseases on the genetic basis, including cancer. Retrotransposons are also used to analyze genetic variation as genetic markers

Impact of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids on changes in selected cytoimmunological parameters in selected interstitial lung diseases

Introduction. Glucocorticoids (GKS) hormones with strong immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity are used, inter alia, in interstitial lung diseases (ILD). GKS inhibit excessive activity of inflammatory genes in the airways to induce apoptosis of immune cells, such as alveolar lymphocytes (AL). Objective. Assessment of cytoimmunological changes including apoptosis occurring in alveolar lymphocytes in patients with selected ILD after treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Methods. The material of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) derived from patients with sarcoidosis (PS, n=66), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n=27) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, n = 25; adequate number of patients treated with systemic GKS were 23, 8 and 6) were analyzed in cytoimmunological tests: a) percentage and the total values of BAL inflammatory cell populations; b) AL subset typing; c) CD4/CD8 index calculation; d) AL cell cycle analysis (DNA staining with propidium iodide, PI); in techniques mentioned in b) to d) items flow cytometry was used. Results. In all patient groups, treatment with GKS resulted in a decrease in the total cell number, e.g. for PS (untreated: 310 ± 80x103/ml; treated: 188 ± 43x103/ml, median ± SEM, p<0.05) and lymphocytes (untreated: 113 ± 71x103/ml; treated: 43 ± 25x103/ml median ± SEM, p<0.05). There has also been significantly lower percentage of eosinophils in all groups in GKS-treated subgroups, e.g. for IPF (untreated: 4,6 ± 3,0%, treated: 0,3 ± 0,5%), for NSIP (untreated: 1,5 ± 0,7% and treated: with 0,4 ± 0,2%; median ± SEM, p<0.05 for both). In contrast, AL apoptosis rate was significantly higher in treated patients, e.g. for PS (untreated: 0,6 ± 0,5%; treated: 4,0 ± 2,5%), NSIP (untreated: 3,4 ± 1,8%; treated: 13,1 ± 5,1%; median ± SEM, p<0.05 for both). In all GKS-treated groups corticosteroid therapy caused lower CD4/CD8 index, but only on the level of statistical tendency (e.g. for PS untreated: 4,7 ± 0,5%, treated: with 2,9 ± 0,9%) for IPF (untreated: 1,2 ± 0,5%, treated: with 1,1 ± 0,5%; median ± SEM for both). Conclusions. Systemic inflammatory glucocorticoid therapy (GKS) in all included groups of patients results in a decrease in the total number of alveolar lymphocytes, which is most likely related to the significant increase apoptosis rate of these cells. GKS medication in a similar extent caused probably both the death of helper (Th) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc), since the decline in the value of CD4/CD8 index in treated patients compared with untreated ones was insignificant. A characteristic BAL cytological change in all tested ILD after GKS administration was a remarkable decrease in eosinophil percentage

Synthesis and application of (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose in oncology diagnosis

[18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology. Cancer cells create their own specific microenvironment to survive and grow. Specific tumor microenvironment contributes to cancer metabolic reprogramming. Therefore, even with sufficient oxygen availability, cancer cells choose anaerobic glycolysis. Cancer cells compensate less energy efficient process by increasing the intensity of anaerobic glycolysis. Tumor cells have a high rate of metabolism and because of this, they take up more of the radioactive glucose (FDG). This makes the tumor cells appear more visible than other areas on the PET scan pictures. This paper presents nucleophilic synthesis of the [18F] FDG marker and basics of tumor development which can affect the [18F] FDG biochemical significance. Reference was made to clinical images obtained in PET technology using the [18F] FDG radiopharmaceutical

Preliminary flagellin gene transfection into tumor cells - attempts of generating anti-tumor response in experimental model

The development of new research techniques, especially molecular ones, creates hopes for improved treatment efficacy and a better prognosis in lung cancer. The starting point for very important experiments in the field of immunotherapy is the sensitization of the immune system to the tumor antigen . The aim of the study was to determine whether using flagellin can induce innate antitumor effective, and thus, increase the immunogenicity of the tumor. The test material was the established mouse cell line LLC, derived from Lewis lung cancer. Vectors were constructed by cloning FliC inserts into the pCDH-MSC-T2A Puro plasmid. The cells were transfected directly and indirectly (with pseudoviruses, produced by previously transfected packaging cells HEK 293T). The transfection efficiency was confirmed by RT-PCR. The cells thus prepared were implanted subcutaneously in mice. The control group received non-transfected LLC cells. Then, after 6 weeks, the mice were scarified. The animals were sectioned to isolate the tumor and lungs in which the presence or absence of metastases was assessed. In mice that received immunotherapeutic vaccines containing transfected LLC cells, less tumor mass was found or a complete lack of it, and the lifespan was noticeably prolonged. In addition, no metastases occurred in the group vaccinated with cells transfected with direct technique. It can be concluded that flagellin is effective as an adjuvant in the process of presenting tumor antigens to T cells Thus, in the light of recent studies and reports, it is likely that in this experiment effectively increased immunogenicity of the tumor. Activating anti-tumor cellular responses using flagellin is a promising target for lung cancer immunotherapy

Role of endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway in the virus infection cycle

Wandtke Tomasz, Wędrowska Ewelina, Goede Arkadiusz, Owczarska Paulina, Piskorska Elżbieta, Kopiński Piotr. Role of endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway in the virus infection cycle. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):607-635. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.890229 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4801 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 10.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. Znaczenie zależnego od retikulum endoplazmatyznego szlaku degradacji białek wewnątrzkomórkowych w cyklu infekcyjnym wirusów Role of endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway in the virus infection cycle Tomasz Wandtke1, Ewelina Wędrowska1, Arkadiusz Goede1, Paulina Owczarska1, Elżbieta Piskorska2, Piotr Kopiński1 1Zakład Genoterapii, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy 2Katedra Patobiochemii i Chemii Klinicznej, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy 1Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland 2Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Proces degradacji białek zależny od retikulum endoplazmatycznego (ang. endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation - ERAD) odgrywa istotną rolę w utrzymaniu stanu homeostazy wewnątrzkomórkowej i dotyczy przede wszystkim białek, które nie uzyskały posttranslacyjnie prawidłowej konformacji. Mechanizm ten może zostać wykorzystany przez wirusy, zwykle celem uniknięcia detekcji przez układ odpornościowy gospodarza. Zależnie od typu wirusa, rodzaj i sposób degradacji białek bywa odmienny. Cel pracy: Celem pracy jest przedstawienie mechanizmu ERAD oraz jego znaczenia dla cyklu infekcyjnego wybranych cząsteczek wirusowych. Dokładne poznanie tego procesu może istotnie przyczynić się do wskazania potencjalnie skutecznych, nowych przeciwwirusowych rozwiązań terapeutycznych. Skrócony opis stanu wiedzy: W pracy omówiono mechanizm ERAD i jego wykorzystanie przez: Poliomawirusy (BK i SV-40), Herpeswirusy (Cytomegalowirus), Retrowirusy (HIV-I) oraz Hepadnawirusy (HBV). Podsumowanie: Znaczenie ERAD w cyklu infekcyjnym wirusów jest niezwykle istotne w przebiegu zakażenia. Należy dalej badać możliwość wykorzystywania ERAD przez inne rodzaje wirusów. Warto również monitorować skuteczność inhibitorów proteasomu jako potencjalnych leków w walce z chorobami wirusowymi. Słowa kluczowe: ERAD, Herpeswirusy, HBV, HIV-I, Poliomawirusy, retikulum endoplazmatyczne Summary Introduction: The endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway plays an important role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and primarily affects proteins that have not achieved correct post-translational conformation. ERAD can be also exploited by viruses, usually in order to avoid detection by the host's immune system. Depending on the type of virus, the character and manner of protein degradation may be different. Aim of the study: The aim of this paper is to present the ERAD mechanism and its importance for the infection cycle of select viral particles. Gaining knowledge about this process can help to identify potentially effective new antiviral therapies. Short description of state of knowledge: The ERAD mechanism and its utilization by: Poliomaviruses (BK and SV-40), Herpesviruses (Cytomegalovirus), Retroviruses (HIV-I) and Hepadnaviruses (HBV) are discussed in the paper. Summation: The ERAD process in the viral infection cycle is extremely important. The possibility of using ERAD by differnet viruses should be further investigated. It could be also useful to exploit proteasome inhibitors as potential drugs in the fight against viral diseases. Key words: ERAD, Herpesviruses, HBV, HIV-I, Poliomaviruses, endoplasmic reticulu

Charakterystyka postawy ciała dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym regionu bydgoskiego = Characteristics of body posture of Bydgoszcz region pre-school children

Mieszkowska Monika, Kochanowicz Magdalena, Garbin Michał, Srokowski Grzegorz, Tomczyk Maja, Maciejewski Jerzy. Charakterystyka postawy ciała dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym regionu bydgoskiego =Characteristics of body posture of Bydgoszcz region pre-school children. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(8):637-652. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.61120http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3795   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.08.2016. Revised 25.08.2016. Accepted: 28.08.2016.  Charakterystyka postawy ciała dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym regionu bydgoskiegoCharacteristics of body posture of Bydgoszcz region pre-school children Monika Mieszkowskaa, Magdalena Kochanowicz b, Michał Garbin c, Grzegorz Srokowski c, Maja Tomczyk b, Jerzy Maciejewskid a Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poznan, Poland  b Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Polandc Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland`d Multi-Municipal Hospital. Dr. E. Warminski in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland  Key words: faulty postures, body mass index, Lovett testing, corrective gymnastics,Słowa kluczowe: wady postawy, BMI, testowanie Lovetta, gimnastyka korekcyjna, AbstractIntroduction. The problem of postures faults concerns on the increasing number of children at younger age and significantly affecting their health. Early diagnosis and its correction allow achieving measurable effects influencing on the quality of life in adulthood. The aim of the study was to assess the selected posture parameters of preschool children. Furthermore the aim was to determine their impact of postures faults on the muscle strength of selected muscle groups.Material/Methods. 50 preschool children, 23 girls and 27 boys (average age 5.34 (± 1.09) years) attending to a non-public kindergarten "Ludzikowo" in Bydgoszcz were examined. The study was conducted in the period from January to March 2013 and consisted of three parts: a questionnaire (diagnostic survey), anthropometric survey (weight, height, BMI), visual analyzes - qualitative method (comparison of posture to the reference), assessment of muscle strength of selected muscle groups using a Lovett testing.Results. The study group showed abnormalities at least in one element of the body posture. In the anterior and lateral projection 90%, in the rear projection 96% of examined children showed the presence of posture faults. A comprehensive body structure and posture analysis according to Staffel method showed that only 62% qualify for the so-called normal pattern of body posture. No statistically significant differences in muscle strength were found in whole group.Conclusions. Utility and the simplicity of proposed assessing methods enables their widespread and early uses in preschool children body posture analyzes. The presence of postures faults in preschool age children does not affect their level of muscle strength.  StreszczenieWstęp: Problem wad postawy dotyczy coraz większej liczby dzieci w coraz to młodszym wieku i znacząco rzutuje na ich zdrowie. Wczesna diagnostyka oraz ich korekcja pozwala uzyskać wymierne efekty terapeutyczne znacząco niwelując szkodliwość występujących wad oraz ich wpływ na komfort życia w dorosłości. Celem badania była ocena wybranych parametrów postawy ciała dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym oraz określenie wpływu występujących wad na poziom siły mięśniowej wybranych grup mięśni wg. skali Lovetta.Materiał i metody: Badania obejmowały grupę 50 dzieci, 23 dziewcząt i 27 chłopców (w wieku 5,34 (± 1,09) lata), uczęszczających do niepublicznego przedszkola „Ludzikowo” w Bydgoszczy. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie od stycznia do marca 2013. Badanie obejmowało trzy części: kwestionariusz ankiety (met. sondażu diagnostycznego), badanie antropometryczne (pomiar masy ciała, wzrostu, BMI), badanie wzrokowe - metoda jakościowa (porównanie postawy swobodnej z wzorcem), ocena siły mięśniowej wybranych grup mięśniowych przy pomocy testu Lovetta. Wyniki: Grupa badana wykazywała odchylenia od normy w przynajmniej jednym z obserwowanych elementów postawy ciała. W projekcji przedniej oraz bocznej u 90% dzieci wykazano obecność zaburzeń postawy. W badaniu w projekcji tylnej u 96% badanych wystąpiły odchylenia od prawidłowych wzorców postawy ciała. Całościowa analiza budowy i postawy ciała wg Staffela wykazała, że jedynie 62% kwalifikuje się do tzw. normalnego wzorca postawy ciała. Mimo zaburzeń wzorców postawy nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie zaburzeń siły mięśniowej wg. Lovetta.Wnioski: Użyteczność oraz łatwość wykonania zaproponowanych metody oceny postawy ciała pozwala na ich bardzo szerokie zastosowanie i umożliwia wczesną diagnostykę posturalną dzieci przedszkolnych. Obecność wad postawy w wieku przedszkolnym nie rzutuje jeszcze na poziom siły mięśniowej wybranych grup mięśniowych

The Latest Achievements in the Construction of Influenza Virus Detection Aptasensors

Aptamers are short fragments of nucleic acids, DNA or RNA that have the ability to bind selected proteins with high specificity and affinity. These properties allow them to be used as an element of biosensors for the detection of specific proteins, including viral ones, which makes it possible to design valuable diagnostic tools. The influenza virus causes a huge number of human and animal deaths worldwide every year, and contributes to remarkable economic losses. In addition, in 2020, a new threat appeared&mdash;the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. Both disease entities, especially in the initial stage of infection, are almost identical in terms of signs and symptoms. Therefore, a diagnostic solution is needed that will allow distinguishing between both pathogens, with high sensitivity and specificity; it should be cheap, quick and possible to use in the field, for example, in a doctor&rsquo;s office. All the mentioned properties are met by aptasensors in which the detection elements are specific aptamers. We present here the latest developments in the construction of various types of aptasensors for the detection of influenza virus. Aptasensor operation is based on the measurement of changes in electric impedance, fluorescence or electric signal (impedimetric, fluorescence and electrochemical aptasensors, respectively); it allows both qualitative and quantitative determinations. The particularly high advancement for detecting of influenza virus concerns impedimetric aptasensors

Relationship between Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, and Muscle Strength and the Impact of Gymnastic Training on Proprioception

The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relationship between joint position (JPS) and force sense (FS) and muscle strength (MS) and (2) to evaluate the impact of long-term gymnastic training on particular proprioception aspects and their correlations. 17 elite adult gymnasts and 24 untrained, matched controls performed an active reproduction (AR) and passive reproduction (PR) task and a force reproduction (FR) task at the elbow joint. Intergroup differences and the relationship between JPS, FS, and MS were evaluated. While there was no difference in AR or PR between groups, absolute error in the control group was higher during the PR task (7.15 ± 2.72°) than during the AR task (3.1 ± 1.93°). Mean relative error in the control group was 61% higher in the elbow extensors than in the elbow flexors during 50% FR, while the gymnast group had similar results in both reciprocal muscles. There was no linear correlation between JPS and FS in either group; however, FR was negatively correlated with antagonist MS. In conclusion, this study found no evidence for a relationship between the accuracy of FS and JPS at the elbow joint. Long-term gymnastic training improves the JPS and FS of the elbow extensors

Development and application of dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) systems in prostate cancer diagnostics

Introduction: One of the most important parameter in prostate cancer diagnostics is fast and accurate diagnosis. The important role plays finding cancer markers in blood but also advanced medical imaging systems technology, that allows for faster and more efficient objects projection. There are ongoing efforts to develop new multimodal imaging systems and find new PET radiopharmaceuticals. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is presentation of chosen information about dedicated PET systems in fusion with US and description of the most important PET radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer diagnosis that could confirm the meaning of new imaging technologies. Short description of state of knowledge: The most interesting recent scientific trends in prostate cancer medical imaging is presented in this work. Discussion is based on grant projects under realization. Potential clinical application problems were analyzed. The motivation of these projects was explained. Advantages and drawbacks of most recent radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer diagnosis was also discussed. Summation: New ideas in prostate cancer therapy are based on replacement the blind biopsy with guided biopsy in new meaning. Advanced medical imaging technology and application of new PET radiotracers in Poland (– the country with high ageing factor) may allow for cancer slowdown in early stage and minimize the treatment costs