Improved Selective Cholesterol Adsorption By Molecularly Imprinted Poly(methacrylic Acid)/silica (pmaa-sio2) Hybrid Material Synthesized With Different Molar Ratios

The present paper describes the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer - poly(methacrylic acid)/silica and reports its performance feasibility with desired adsorption capacity and selectivity for cholesterol extraction. Two imprinted hybrid materials were synthesized at different methacrylic acid (MAA)/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) molar ratios (6:1 and 1:5) and characterized by FT-IR, TGA, SEM and textural data. Cholesterol adsorption on hybrid materials took place preferably in apolar solvent medium, especially in chloroform. From the kinetic data, the equilibrium time was reached quickly, being 12 and 20 min for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 and 1:5, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for cholesterol adsorption on polymers, confirming the chemical nature of the adsorption process, while the dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich equation presented the best fit to the experimental data, suggesting the existence of two kinds of adsorption sites on both polymers. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratios of 6:1 and 1:5 were found to be 214.8 and 166.4 mg g- 1, respectively. The results from isotherm data also indicated higher adsorption capacity for both imprinted polymers regarding to corresponding non-imprinted polymers. 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Pulmonary Atelectasis In Newborn Infants: Etiology And Radiological Aspects [atelectasia Pulmonar Em Recém-nascidos: Etiologia E Aspectos Radiológicos]

Aims: To describe the main risk factors and the radiological findings of pulmonary atelectasis in newborns. Source of data: A literature review was conducted for the period of 2010/2011, through books and articles published over the past 30 years, obtained from the databases PubMed, SciELO and BIREME, using the descriptors: pulmonary atelectasis, diagnosis, infant, neonate, newborn. Summary of findings: Radiological signs of pulmonary atelectasis are related to volume loss, with fissural, hilar and mediastinal displacement, and diaphragmatic elevation toward the affected lung lobe or segment. The ribs of the affected hemithorax may have diminished spaces. Compensatory hyperinflation of the lung is present and the collapsed portions show increased radiopacity, with a triangular shape in at least one of radiographic projections. In newborn infants, the main etiological factors are mechanical ventilation with positive pressure, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, pleural effusion and pneumothorax. Conclusions: Presence of pulmonary atelectasis is an important complication in infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. 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