A teorização sobre processo de trabalho em saúde como instrumental para análise do trabalho no Programa Saúde da Família Theoretical review of the work process in health care used to analyze work in the Family Health Program in Brazil

O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi destacar a utilidade da teorização sobre o processo de trabalho em saúde para analisar a realidade cotidiana do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Desde 1994, o PSF vem rapidamente expandindo a cobertura em saúde da população brasileira e conseqüentemente sua força de trabalho. Assim demanda atenção, responsabilização e contribuições de várias naturezas, de atores e instituições. Trata-se de um trabalho do setor de serviços que ocorre em uma conjuntura neoliberal. Compartilha características de outros trabalhos do setor de serviços, como a burocratização, a influência da divisão parcelar do trabalho e as dificuldades do trabalho em equipe, além da pouca consideração da subjetividade de usuários e trabalhadores. Destacam-se condições do trabalho das equipes de saúde da família, alternativas para revitalização do trabalho em saúde e enfrentamento de condições alienantes do processo de trabalho. Finalmente, ratifica-se a visão da condição dialética do processo de trabalho em saúde no PSF, com suas possibilidades de sucesso, concebido e funcionando permeado por contradições e dificuldades.<br>This literature review focused on the work process in health care, particularly issues linked to the Family Health Program. Since 1994, the Program has rapidly expanded health coverage for the Brazilian population, and as a result the Program's work force has also increased. The Program thus requires attention, allocation of responsibilities, and contributions of various types by stakeholders and institutions. The work occurs in the services sector, within a neoliberal scenario. Work in health care shares some characteristics with other occupations in the services sector, such as bureaucratization, the influence of capitalist division of labor, and difficulties in teamwork, in addition to little regard for the subjectivity of health system clients and workers. The study particularly focuses on work conditions of family health teams in Brazil, including strategies for revitalizing health care work and coping with alienating conditions in the work process. Finally, the study reiterates the dialectic condition of the work process in health care under the Family Health Program, with its possibilities for success, conceived and functioning in the midst of contradictions and difficulties

Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects after acute and subacute treatments with acai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) on mice using the erythrocytes micronucleus test and the comet assay

Acai, the fruit of a palm native to the Amazonian basin, is widely distributed in northern South America, where it has considerable economic importance. Whereas individual polyphenolics compounds in Acai have been extensively evaluated, studies of the intact fruit and its biological properties are lacking. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo genotoxicity of Acai and its possible antigenotoxicity on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage. The Acai pulp doses selected were 3.33, 10.0 and 16.67 g/kg b.w. administered by gavage alone or prior to DXR (16 mg/kg b.w.) administered by intraperitoneal injection. Swiss albino mice were distributed in eight groups for acute treatment with acai pulp (24 h) and eight groups for subacute treatment (daily for 14 consecutive days) before euthanasia. The negative control groups were treated in a similar way. The results of chemical analysis suggested the presence of carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic. and flavonoids in Acai pulp. The endpoints analyzed were micronucleus induction in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells polychromatic erythrocytes, and DNA damage in peripheral blood, liver and kidney cells assessed using the alkaline (pH > 13) comet assay. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the negative control and the groups treated with the three doses of Acai pulp alone in all endpoints analyzed, demonstrating the absence of genotoxic effects. The protective effects of Acai pulp were observed in both acute and subacute treatments, when administered prior to DXR. In general, subacute treatment provided greater efficiency in protecting against DXR-induced DNA damage in liver and kidney cells. These protective effects can be explained as the result of the phytochemicals present in Acai pulp. These results will be applied to the developmental of food with functional characteristics, as well as to explore the characteristics of Acai as a health promoter. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.CNPqCAPESFAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo