Produção e tamanho de grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.) cv Catuaí em diferentes arranjos populacionais e disponibilidades de água no solo

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation under different population arrangements on the phytometric features, coffee productivity and bean size classification according to sieve retention. The experiment with Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí was carried out in Mococa, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a 6 x 2 factorial scheme in randomized blocks, with four replications. The six densities of plantation were E1 (1.60 x 0.50 m); E2 (1.60 x 0.75 m); E3 (1.60 x 1.00 m); E4 (3.20 x 0.50 m); E5 (3.20 x 0.75 m) and E6 (3.20 x 1.00 m), which were divided according to the availability of water (irrigated - I - or non-irrigated - NI - groups). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test at 1 and 5% of probability. Descriptive analysis of coffee beans according to sieve classification was performed. Irrigation promoted an increase in plant height, crown diameter and production of processed coffee when compared with the NI group. Interaction between population arrangement and irrigation was observed, with an increase in production and crown diameter as the spacing was decreased. Therefore, irrigation provided significant increase in coffee bean size.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação por gotejamento em diferentes arranjos populacionais nas características fitométricas, na produtividade de café beneficiado e na classificação dos grãos por tamanho, de acordo com a retenção em peneiras. O experimento foi conduzido em Mococa-SP, com o cafeeiro Coffea arabica L. cv Catuaí. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo seis densidades de plantio: E1 (1,60 x 0,50 m); E2 (1,60 x 0,75 m); E3 (1,60 x 1,00 m); E4 (3,20 x 0,50 m); E5 (3,20 x 0,75 m), e E6 (3,20 x 1,00 m), divididas em irrigadas (I) e não irrigadas (NI). As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas entre si pelo teste de Tukey, a 1 e 5% de probabilidade. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos grãos nas classes de peneiras. A irrigação promoveu aumento na altura das plantas, maior diâmetro de copa e produção de café beneficiado quando comparado ao sistema não irrigado. Houve interação entre arranjo populacional e irrigação, com aumento na produção e no diâmetro da copa, conforme o espaçamento era reduzido. O uso da irrigação propiciou aumentos significativos na granulometria dos grãos de café.14515

Evolução dos pacientes com condrossarcoma grau I em relação ao tipo de tratamento cirúrgico

PURPOSE: To evaluate the oncological outcome of patients with grade I chondrosarcomas according to the type of surgical treatment performed, since there is still controversy regarding the need for aggressive resections to reach a successful outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 23 patients with grade I chondrosarcomas were reviewed. The mean age was 38.4 years, ranging from 11 to 70 years; 52% were men and 48% were women. The femur was the site of 13 tumors. The tumors were staged as IA (17, 74%) and IB (6, 26%). Regarding tumor location, 74% (17) were medullary, 22% (5) were peripheral, and 4% (1) was indeterminate. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 25 cm, mean 7.9 cm. Regarding the surgical procedure, 11 patients underwent intralesional resection, 9 patients underwent wide resection, and 3 underwent radical resection. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 192 months. RESULTS: None of the patients developed local recurrence or metastases; 7 patients had other general complications. CONCLUSIONS: This data supports the use of less aggressive procedures for treatment of low-grade chondrosarcomas.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução oncológica de portadores de condrossarcomas grau I de acordo com o tipo de tratamento cirúrgico efetuado. Existe controvérsia em relação à necessidade de ressecções agressivas para obtenção de uma evolução clínica favorável. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os prontuários de 23 portadores de condrossarcoma grau I foram analisados. A idade dos pacientes variou de 11 a 70 anos com média de 38,4 anos, 52% eram homens e 48% mulheres. O local mais acometido foi o fêmur com 13 pacientes. Dezessete lesões (74%) foram classificadas como IA e seis (26%) como IB. Setenta e quatro por cento dos tumores eram medulares, 22% eram periféricas e uma lesão indeterminada. O tamanho dos tumores variou de 2 a 25 cm, média de 7,9 cm. Onze pacientes foram submetidos a ressecção intralesional, nove a ressecção ampla e três a ressecção radical. O seguimento variou de 24 a 192 meses. RESULTADOS: Complicações não oncológicas ocorreram em sete pacientes. Nenhum dos pacientes apresentou recidiva local ou metástase. Estes dados sugerem que os procedimentos cirúrgicos menos agressivos são seguros para o tratamento dos pacientes com condrossarcoma grau I

Distribuição do sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar irrigada com efluente de esgoto doméstico por gotejamento subsuperficial

Irrigation with domestic sewage effluent (DSE) has been recommended by subsurface dripping, as it can obtain a high rate of irrigation efficiency and faster use of salts in comparison with other irrigation methods. The study aimed at evaluating the area, the length and the effective depth of the root system of sugarcane irrigated with DSE by subsurface drip system and with different irrigation rates at depths of 0.00-0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60 and 0.60-0.80m. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, in a sugarcane area irrigated with DSE in a completely randomized blocks set up in furrows, with three replications and four treatments, which are: one area without irrigation (AWI) and three irrigated areas meeting 50% (T50%), 100% (T100%) and 200% (T200%) of the crop's water need between each round of irrigation. T100% and T200% provided smaller areas and lengths of roots in the two deepest layers, as compared to AWI and T50%, which stimulated the development of deeper roots due to the water stress. TWI, T100% and T200% presented 80% of the roots up to a depth of 0.40m and T50% treatment presented 76.43% of roots total.A irrigação com efluente de esgoto doméstico (EED) tem sido recomendada para aplicação por gotejamento subsuperficial, podendo-se obter elevados índices de eficiência de irrigação e mais rápido aproveitamento dos sais em comparação com outros métodos de irrigação. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a área de raiz, o comprimento e a profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar irrigada com EED aplicado por gotejamento subsuperficial e com diferentes lâminas de irrigação, nas camadas de solo de 0,00-0,20; 0,20-0,40; 0,40-0,60 e 0,60-0,80 m. O experimento foi realizado em Piracicaba-SP, numa área de cana-de-açúcar irrigada com EED, em um delineamento de blocos casualizados dispostos no esquema de faixas, com três repetições e quatro tratamentos, sendo estes: uma área sem irrigação (TSI) e três áreas irrigadas, atendendo a 50% (T50%), 100% (T100%) e 200% (T200%) da necessidade hídrica da cultura entre cada turno de rega. O T100% e o T200% proporcionaram menores áreas e comprimento de raízes nas duas camadas mais profundas, quando comparados ao TSI e ao T50%, que devido ao estresse hídrico, proporcionado à cultura, estimularam o desenvolvimento de raízes mais profundas. O TSI, T100% e T200% apresentaram 80% das raízes até 0,40 m e, nessa mesma profundidade, o tratamento T50% apresentou 76,43% do total de raízes.64765

Prognostic Factors and Expression of MDM2 in Patients with Primary Extremity Liposarcoma

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate MDM2 (murine double minute 2) protein expression and evaluate its relationship with some anatomical and pathological aspects, aiming also to identify prognostic factors concerning local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival and overall survival in patients with primary liposarcomas of the extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 50 patients with primary liposarcomas of the extremities admitted to a Reference Service, between 1968 and 2004, 25 were enrolled in the study, following eligibility and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The adverse factors that influenced the risk for local recurrence in the univariant analysis included male sex (P = 0.023), pleomorphic histological subtype (P = 0.027), and high histological grade (P = 0.007). Concerning metastasis-free survival, age less than 50 years (P = 0.040), male sex (P = 0.040), pleomorphic subtype (P < 0.001), and high histological grade (P = 0.003) had a worse prognosis. Adverse factors for overall survival were age under 50 years (P = 0.040), male sex (P = 0.040), pleomorphic subtype (P < 0.001), and high histological grade (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between immunohistochemically observed MDM2 protein expressions and the anatomical and pathological variables studied. The immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 protein was not considered to have a prognostic value for any of the surviving patients in this study (local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, or overall survival). The immunoexpression of MDM2 protein was a frequent event in the different subtypes of liposarcomas

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors