Involvement of the opioid system in the development and expression of sensitization to the locomotor-activating effect of ethanol

Previous studies have shown that pretreatment with naloxone (Nlx), an opiate antagonist, attenuates the stimulating effect of ethanol. the purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of Nix on the development and expression of the sensitization to ethanol. Initially, effects of different doses of Nix on the response to a low dose of ethanol (2.0 g/kg) were assessed. Nix (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg i.p.) decreased the stimulating effect of ethanol. Groups of mice were treated with saline or Nix (1.0 mg/kg i.p.) plus saline or ethanol (2.0 g/kg if) during 21 d. On day 25 of treatment all animals received an ethanol challenge (2.0 g/kg i.p.). It significantly increased the locomotor activity of mice that had received chronic ethanol (2.0 g/kg) once daily as compared to those that had received saline. Chronic administration of Nlx (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), during the same period of time, did not change the locomotor activity of the mice. However, the group concomitantly treated with Nix + ethanol did not develop sensitization to the locomotor-activating effect of ethanol. Another experiment was carried out to determine the effects of Nix on the expression of sensitization to ethanol. Acute pretreatment with Nix did not change the response of the mice that had developed sensitization to ethanol. These data show Nix's prevention of the development of ethanol-induced sensitization but not of its expression, suggesting an important role of the opioid neurotransmitter systems modulating the development of sensitization to the locomotor-activating effect of ethanol.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Gallo Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAOregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychobiol, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Relação entre sintomas de insônia em crianças e problemas comportamentais avaliados pelo Child Behavior Checklist1 (CBCL)

Sleep problems are common in children and can result in losses in the daytime behavior of a child. This study aimed to present a review of behavioral problems assessed by the instrument Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for children with symptoms of insomnia. Studies selected for review in this article were identified through the databases BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS and PsycINFO, between 2001 and 2011, using the following key words in various combinations: Children, CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist, Behavior, Sleep, Sleep problems, BehavioralInsomnia, Bedtime problems, Night wakings. According to the inclusion criteria of this study, we selected twelve studies. The results of these publications in this review showed that most studies found significant associations between sleep problems and behavior problems, either if they were externalizing, internalizing or other behavioral problems assessed by the CBCL.Problemas de sono são frequentes na população infantil, e podem resultar em prejuízos no comportamento diurno da criança. O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre problemas comportamentais avaliados pelo instrumento Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) de crianças com sintomas de insônia. Os estudos selecionados para revisão deste artigo foram identificados por meio das bases de dados BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS e PsycINFO, entre os anos 2001 e 2011, utilizando as seguintes palavras‑chaves em diferentes combinações: Children, CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist, Behavior, Sleep, Sleep problems, Behavioral Insomnia, Bedtime Problems, Night Wakings. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão do presente trabalho, foram selecionados doze estudos. Os resultados das publicações nesta revisão demonstraram que a maior parte das pesquisas encontraram associações significativas entre problemas de sono e problemasde comportamento, fossem eles externalizantes, internalizantes ou outros problemas de comportamento avaliados pelo CBCL

Sleep disorders, sleepiness and traffic safety: a public health menace

Sleep disorders are not uncommon and have been widely reported throughout the world. They have a profound impact on industrialized 24-h societies. Consequences of these problems include impaired social and recreational activities, increased human errors, loss of productivity, and elevated risk of accidents. Conditions such as acute and chronic insomnia, sleep loss, excessive sleepiness, shift-work, jet lag, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea warrant public health attention, since residual sleepiness during the day may affect performance of daily activities such as driving a car. Benzodiazepine hypnotics and zopiclone promote sleep, both having residual effects the following day including sleepiness and reduced alertness. In contrast, the non-benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zaleplon have no significant next-day residual effects when taken as recommended. Research on the effects of wakefulness-promoting drugs on driving ability is limited. Countermeasures for excessive daytime sleepiness have a limited effect. There is a need for a social awareness program to educate the public about the potential consequences of various sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, shift-work-related sleep loss, and excessive daytime sleepiness in order to reduce the number of sleep-related traffic accidents.Mount Sinai School of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of Utrecht Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of PsychopharmacologyUniversity of Toronto, and Sleep and Neuropsychiatry Institute Department of PsychiatryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL

Do Circadian Preferences Influence the Sleep Patterns of Night Shift Drivers?

Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of individual circadian preferences of drivers with fixed night work schedules on sleep patterns. Subjects and Methods: A total of 123 professional drivers, 32 indifferent preference drivers and 91 morning preference drivers of an intermunicipality and interstate bus transportation company were evaluated. All drivers underwent polysomnographic recordings after their shifts. Furthermore, they filled out a questionnaire that contained sociodemographic and health questions. the Home and Ostberg questionnaire was used to assess the subjects' morningness-eveningness preference. Results: the mean age was 42.54 +/- 6.98 years and 82 (66.66%) of the drivers had worked for = 15 years. A significant effect on rapid eye movement (REM) was observed in the morning preference drivers. They showed an increased sleep latency and an REM sleep percentage of 5% of the total REM time. This reveals a significant effect on sleep architecture associated with work time. Conclusion: the drivers reported that morning preference had a significant effect on their sleep pattern indicating less REM sleep and longer REM sleep latency in the morning preference group. Thus, it is important to evaluate interactions between individual aspects of health and other parameters, such as sleep quality and work organizational factors, to promote night shift workers' health and well-being. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, BaselUniversidade Federal de São PauloAssociação Fundo de Incentivo à PesquisaCentro Multidisciplinar em Sonolencia e Acidentes (CEMSA)/Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP)Centro de Estudo em Psicobiologia e Exercicio (CEPE)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Associacao Fundo Incent Pesquisa, Ctr Multidisciplinar Sonolencia & Acidentes, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Fillho, Assis, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Aplicadas, Limeira, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Influência do condicionamento com altas doses de melfalano no estado nutricional de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo submetidos ao transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas

A validated one-dimensional Boussinesq-non-linear shallow water equations numerical model was used to investigate the interaction of solitary waves with beaches. The numerical model requires two adjustable parameters: the bed friction coefficient and a wave breaking parameter. Excellent agreement was achieved between the numerical predictions of solitary wave transformation and run-up at a plane beach with two sets of high-quality laboratory measurements: one a large number of experiments in a wave flume by Synolakis, the other in the UK Coastal Research Facility. A parameter study investigated the effect of uniform offshore water depth, bed friction and bed slope on solitary wave run-up. A uniform water depth may be associated with a continental shelf region. The non-dimensional run-up was found to be an asymptotic function of non-dimensional wave amplitude at high and low values of initial wave steepness. Both asymptotes scale as (R/ho) ∼ α(Ao/h o)β where R is run-up (defined as the vertical elevation reached by the wave uprush above still water level), Ao is the offshore wave amplitude and ho is the uniform depth offshore of the beach. The empirical coefficients α and β depend on the beach characteristics. The model is then used to simulate the interaction of a full-scale tsunami event with an idealised beach profile representative of a beach in Eastern Kamchatka

Conhecimento ortográfico e escrita

Muita da investigação sobre o desenvolvimento da literacia tem-se ocupado do estudo da aprendizagem da leitura, mas a aprendizagem da escrita é também muito importante e esse reconhecimento tem vindo a traduzir-se na realização de um número cada vez maior de trabalhos científicos dedicados a esse tópico.N/