Rationalizing transportations service: a case study on the standardization of logistics service providers

Due to high competitiveness on supply chains, small economies tend to become very important to overall costs reduction and represent marketing gains. The aim of this study is to analyze if the rationalization in low value deliveries, lower than R$ 2,000.00, will be able to generate a considerable cut of costs. To perform this exploratory study, company historic was analyzed and surveys were performed with several suppliers. The studies showed it is possible to reduce freight average impact in relation to the sold value at 44.03%. This result points to the advantages in coordinating more rationally the process of hiring transportation providers

A Terapia Cognitiva de Aaron Beck como Reflexividade na Alta Modernidade:: Uma Sociologia do Conhecimento

A sociology of knowledge interprets the knowledge production as tied to social situations. Leaving from this epistemological premise, our paper objectified to interpret the Aaron Beck cognitive therapy as a knowledge that is both constructed and constructor of the phenomenon of reflexivity in high modernity, as interpreted by Anthony Giddens. Our hypothesis is that the reorientation of the customer’s beliefs system, proposed by the cognitive therapy, is a form of reflexive reconstruction of self-identity aiming to surpass typical conflicts of the instability in high modernity. We designate some aspects in the cognitive therapy that identify it with reflexivity, over all the idea that the self-identity’s construction is a task in which the individual engages reflexively.Uma sociologia do conhecimento interpreta a produção do conhecimento como vinculada a situações sociais. Partindo dessa premissa epistemológica, nosso artigo objetivou interpretar a terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como conhecimento construído e construtor do fenômeno de reflexividade da alta modernidade, conforme interpretada por Anthony Giddens. Nossa hipótese é que a reorientação do sistema de crenças do cliente, proposta pela terapia cognitiva, é uma forma de reconstrução reflexiva da autoidentidade, visando superar conflitos típicos da instabilidade da alta modernidade. Assinalamos aspectos na terapia cognitiva que a identificam com a reflexividade, sobretudo a ideia de que a construção da autoidentidade é uma tarefa na qual o indivíduo se engaja reflexivamente

Padrões espacial e temporal de mudanças da umidade e densidade do solo no campo

Soil water content (theta) and bulk density (rhos) greatly influence important soil and plant processes, such as water movement, soil compaction, soil aeration, and plant root system development. Spatial and temporal variability of theta and rhos during different periods of the year and different phases of crops are of fundamental interest. This work involves the characterization of spatial and temporal patterns of theta and rhos during different climatic periods of year, aiming to verify whether there are significant temporal changes in rhos at the soil surface layer when submitted to wetting and drying cycles. The field experiment was carried out in a coffee plantation, Rhodic Kandiudalf soil, clayey texture. Using a neutron/gamma surface probe, theta and rhos were measured meter by meter along a 200 m spatial transect, along an interrow contour line. During the wet period there was no difference of spatial patterns of theta while during the dry period differences were observed, and can be associated to precipitation events. It was also observed that there are rhos temporal changes at the soil surface along the studied period as a consequence of the in situ wetting and drying cycles.Umidade (teta) e densidade do solo (ros) influenciam importantes processos no solo e planta tais como: movimento de água, compactação do solo, aeração do solo e desenvolvimento radicular. Baseado neste fato, questões referentes à variabilidade espacial e temporal de teta e ros para diferentes períodos do ano e diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da cultura do café tornam-se de extremo interesse. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar padrões espaciais e temporais de teta e ros durante diferentes períodos do ano e verificar se existem mudanças temporais significativas de ros na superfície do solo quando submetida a ciclos de umedecimento/secagem. O experimento foi conduzido em campo cultivado com café em um solo classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho Eutrófico. O experimento iniciou-se em maio de 2001 com espaçamento de 1,75 m entre linhas e 0,75 m entre plantas. Medidas de teta e ros foram feitas metro a metro ao longo de 200 m usando uma sonda de superfície nêutron/gama. Durante o período úmido não houve padrões de diferença espacial para teta, enquanto que para o período seco o contrário foi observado. Estes padrões podem ser associados a eventos de precipitação alterando a estrutura de correlação espacial para observações adjacentes de teta. Para ros existem mudanças temporais na superfície do solo ao longo do período estudado como uma conseqüência dos ciclos de umedecimento/secagem no campo

Ingestive behavior of sheep and nutrients digestibility of diet containing soybean hulls

Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar os efeitos da substituição do feno de coastcross por casca de soja, sobre o comportamento ingestivo e sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes no trato digestório total de ovinos. No primeiro experimento, 48 borregas, com peso inicial médio de 23,1 kg e 124 dias de idade foram distribuídas em blocos completamente ao acaso. O tratamento controle foi composto por feno de coastcross e concentrado (50:50). Nos demais, a casca de soja substituiu o feno em 12,5, 25 e 37,5% da matéria seca (MS) da dieta. Tempos de ingestão e ruminação foram determinados a cada cinco minutos durante 24 horas. Houve efeito linear decrescente no comportamento ingestivo, à medida que se aumentou a casca de soja na dieta. No segundo experimento, quatro borregos foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 4x4 e submetidos aos mesmos tratamentos do primeiro experimento. Houve efeito linear crescente da casca de soja sobre o consumo e digestibilidade da MS, da matéria orgânica (MO), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e da hemicelulose, e sobre o consumo da fibra em detergente ácido. A casca de soja possui menor quantidade de FDN fisicamente efetiva, em comparação à FDN de feno de coastcross e, ao ser adicionada em dietas para borregas até 37,5% da MS, aumenta a digestibilidade da MS e da MO.Two trials were performed to evaluate the effects of replacing coastcross hay by soybean hulls on ewe lambs ingestive behavior and diet digestibility. In the first trial, forty-eight ewe lambs (23.1 kg initial BW and 124 days old) were assigned to a randomized block design. The control diet contained 50% coarsely chopped coastcross hay and no soybean hulls. In the remaining treatments, soybean hulls replaced hay by 12.5%, 25% or 37.5% on dry matter (DM) basis. Eating and ruminating times were determined every five min during 24 hours. There was a decreased linear effect for ingestive (eating, ruminating and total chewing) behavior as soybean hulls were added to the diet. In the second trial, four Santa Ines ram lambs were arranged in a 4x4 latin square design and fed the same treatments as in the first trial. There was an increased linear effect of soybean hulls on DM, organic matter (OM), NDF and hemicellulose intake and digestibilities. ADF intake also increased linearly. Soybean hulls contains lower NDF physical effectiveness as compared to coastcross hay and its addition up to 37.5% of the diet DM improved OM and DM digestibilities

Design, Biological Evaluation, and Computer-Aided Analysis of Dihydrothiazepines as Selective Antichlamydial Agents

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) causes the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial disease in the United States. The lack of drug selectivity is one of the main challenges of the current antichlamydial pharmacotherapy. The metabolic needs of CT are controlled, among others, by cylindrical proteases and their chaperones (e.g., ClpX). It has been shown that dihydrothiazepines can disrupt CT-ClpXP. Based on this precedent, we synthesized a dihydrothiazepine library and characterized its antichlamydial activity using a modified semi-high-throughput screening assay. Then, we demonstrated their ability to inhibit ClpX ATPase activity in vitro, supporting ClpX as a target. Further, our lead compound displayed a promising selectivity profile against CT, acceptable cytotoxicity, no mutagenic potential, and good in vitro stability. A two-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (2D QSAR) model was generated as a support tool in the identification of more potent antichlamydial molecules. This study suggests dihydrothiazepines are a promising starting point for the development of new and selective antichlamydial drugs

Growth, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in goat kids fed diets with castor oil

The objective in this study was to determine growth, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi of crossbred Boer x Saanen kids fed castor oil. Twenty-four kids (12 males and 12 females) were assigned in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and twelve replications. Blocks were defined according to weight, gender and initial age of animals for the evaluation of performance. The experimental treatments consisted of two diets containing 900 g concentrate/kg: a control diet (without addition of oil) and another containing castor oil at 30 g/kg (on a dry matter basis). After they reached an average body weight of 25 kg, males were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle. The addition of castor oil in the diet did not affect the intake of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber; the average daily gain; and feed conversion, but increased the ether extract intake. No difference was observed for the carcass characteristics, chemical composition of the meat, concentration of C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA) and total concentration of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and their relations; however, there was increase in the concentrations of C18:2 trans-10, cis-12 (CLA) and C20:4 omega-6. The addition of castor oil to the diet of crossbred Boer x Saanen kids containing a high content of concentrate did not promote benefit to the characteristics evaluated

Effect of genotype on chemical composition and fatty acid profile of ewe lamb meat

O objetivo neste experimento foi avaliar os efeitos do genótipo sobre a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos no músculo longissimus dorsi de borregas. Foram utilizados 36 animais dos grupos genéticos: Santa Inês (SI), Ile de France (IF), Ile de France × Santa Inês (IF × SI), Dorper × Santa Inês (DO × SI), Texel × Santa Inês (TE × SI) e Suffolk × Santa Inês (SU × SI). Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos completos casualizados, definidos de acordo com o peso e a idade inicial. Não houve efeito do genótipo sobre os teores de umidade, cinzas e proteína no músculo. A carne das borregas dos genótipos Santa Inês e Suffolk × Santa Inês apresentou menor teor de gordura em comparação à das borregas Ile de France e Ile de France × Santa Inês. Os ácidos graxos identificados em maiores proporções no músculo foram o ácido oleico (C18:1cis), ácido palmítico (C16:0) e ácido esteárico (C18:0). No grupo genético Ile de France × Santa Inês, a relação entre os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e saturados foi menor que nas borregas Santa Inês e Suffolk × Santa Inês. O genótipo Santa Inês e o cruzamento Suffolk × Santa Inês tem potencial para produção de carne de melhor valor nutricional, devido ao menor teor de gordura e à melhor relação entre ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e saturados