87 research outputs found

    Electronic Properties of HgTe/CdTe Heterostructure Under Perturbations Preserving Time Reversal Symmetry.

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    Using first principles calculations, the Dirac cone of HgTe/CdTe heterostructure is identified at the interface, inside the valence band. The spin texture of the 2D Dirac states is totally in-plane for all interface directions, different from the 3D topological insulators, where there is always some out-of-plane spin components. The masless Dirac states are strongly affected by applying positive or negative biaxial pressure. While negative pressure turns the system metallic, suppressing the Dirac states, positive pressure maintains the protected topological states, but dislocates the Dirac cone upward in energy. The protected Dirac states are kept up to a contraction of 3% in the lattice parameter. Larger compressive pressures leads to suppression of the protected metallic states.FAPESPFAPEMIGCNPqCAPE

    Physics and chemistry of hydrogen in the vacancies of semiconductors

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    Hydrogen is well known to cause electrical passivation of lattice vacancies in semiconductors. This effect follows from the chemical passivation of the dangling bonds. Recently it was found that H in the carbon vacancy of SiC forms a three-center bond with two silicon neighbors in the vacancy, and gives rise to a new electrically active state. In this paper we examine hydrogen in the anion vacancies of BN, AlN, and GaN. We find that three-center bonding of H is quite common and follows clear trends in terms of the second-neighbor distance in the lattice, the typical (two-center) hydrogen-host-atom bond length, the electronegativity difference between host atoms and hydrogen, as well as the charge state of the vacancy. Three-center bonding limits the number of H atoms a nitrogen vacancy can capture to two, and prevents electric passivation in GaAs as well

    Engineering the electronic bandgaps and band edge positions in carbon-substituted 2D boron nitride: a first-principles investigation

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    Modification of graphene to open a robust gap in its electronic spectrum is essential for its use in field effect transistors and photochemistry applications. Inspired by recent experimental success in the preparation of homogeneous alloys of graphene and boron nitride (BN), we consider here engineering the electronic structure and bandgap of C2xB1−xN1−x alloys via both compositional and configurational modification. We start from the BN end-member, which already has a large bandgap, and then show that (a) the bandgap can in principle be reduced to about 2 eV with moderate substitution of C (x < 0.25); and (b) the electronic structure of C2xB1−xN1−x can be further tuned not only with composition x, but also with the configuration adopted by C substituents in the BN matrix. Our analysis, based on accurate screened hybrid functional calculations, provides a clear understanding of the correlation found between the bandgap and the level of aggregation of C atoms: the bandgap decreases most when the C atoms are maximally isolated, and increases with aggregation of C atoms due to the formation of bonding and anti-bonding bands associated with hybridization of occupied and empty defect states. We determine the location of valence and conduction band edges relative to vacuum and discuss the implications on the potential use of 2D C2xB1−xN1−x alloys in photocatalytic applications. Finally, we assess the thermodynamic limitations on the formation of these alloys using a cluster expansion model derived from first-principles

    Electronic and structural properties of GaAs micro-clusters.

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    Temos utilizado o método de Hartree-Fock-Roothaan, seguido da teoria de perturbação de segunda ordem, para a determinação das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas dos aglornerados GaAs, G2As, GaAs2, Ga3As, Ga2As2, GaAs3, G4As, Ga3As2, Ga2As4, GaAs4, Ga3As3, G4Asa, Ga3As4, Ga4As4 e seus íons positivos e negativos. A estrutura de equilíbrio de cada um destes aglomerados foi determinada através de cálculos de otimização de geometria sem a imposição de vínculos espaciais de simetria sobre a função de onda. Uma vez determinadas as estruturas dos estados fundamentais destes aglomerados, obtivemos os valores de diversas propriedades eletrônicas e energéticas, como o potencial de ionização, a afinidade eletrônica, 0 bond-order, populações orbitais de Mulliken, carga sobre os átomos, natureza dos HOMO-LUMO, etc. Com estas informações, pudemos então descrever de forma detalhada cada um destes aglomerados e comparar nossos resultados com os existentes na literatura. Realizando uma analise conjunta dos resultados obtidos, deduzimos um padrão estrutural a ser seguido por estes pequenos aglomerados de GaAs, onde as formas embrionárias destes aglomerados têm SUM estruturas geométrica e eletrônica baseadas em configurações altamente simétricas, formadas pelos átomos de As. Os átomos adicionais de Ga entram em posições que favorecem um padrão de hibridização e ordenamento químico que tende ao padrão apresentado pelo cristal de GaAs. A passagem para uma estrutura em camadas e observada ocorrer ja no aglomerado estequiométrico com oito átomos. Utilizando o princípio de hard and soft acids and bases, estudamos a reatividade química do aglomerado Ga2As2 e da superfície GaAs[ll0], quando em interação com átomos externos.Using the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan method, followed by second-order perturbation theory we determined the structural and electronic properties of the GaAs, Ga2As, GaAs2, Ga3As, Ga2As2, GaAs3, Ga4As, Ga3As2, Ga2As3, GaAs4, Ga3As3, Ga4As3, Ga4As4, Ga4As4 clusters and its positive and negative ions. The equilibrium structure for each of these clusters was determined throgh geometry optimization calculations, without spatial symmetry constraint on the wave function. Once we have determined the ground state structures of these clusters, the values of different electronic and structural properties were evaluated. This includes the ionization potential, electron affinity, bond-order, Mulliken populations, the nature of the HOMO-LUMO orbitals, etc. With these informations we described in detail each one of the clusters, and we compared our results with the experimental and theoretical published results. Analysing the assembly of the obtained results, we can deduce a structural pattern to be followed by these small clusters of GaAs, where the embrionary forms of these clusters have the geometric and electronic structures based on highly symmetrical configurations formed by the As atoms. The Ga aditional atoms enter in positions that enhance a hybridization and chemical ordering which tends to that presented by the bulk. The change for a layer structure is observed occur yet in the eight atoms stechiometric cluster. Using the hard and soft acids and bases principle, we have studied chemical reactivity of the Ga2As2 cluster and the GaAs[ll0] surface when in interaction with atoms

    Quantum electrodynamics without bare mass electron: a variational study

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    O método variacional foi usado para estudar a possibilidade de existência de um vácuo composto da Eletrodinâmica Quântica. Um ansatz contendo um condensado de pares elétron - pósitron foi investigado e uma equação de otimização para a função de onda do condensado foi encontrada. A prescrição de renormalização utilizada quebrou a simetria de escala inicialmente presente no Lagrangiano. A equação de otimização foi rededuzida resolvendo-se a equação de Schwinger-Dyson para a auto-energia do elétron. Expressões tanto para a massa dinamicamente gerada para o elétron, em termos da função de onda dos pares, quanto para a dependência da constante de acoplamento com o parâmetro de massa (ponto de renormalização) foram apresentadas. Nossos cálculos, entretanto, nos levaram a concluir que, pelo menos dentro de nossa abordagem, não é possível a existência de tal vácuo composto da Eletrodinâmica Quântica.The variational method was used to study the possibility of existence of a composed vacuum of the Quantum Electrodynamics. An ansatz containing a condensate of electron-positron pairs was investigated and an optimization equation for the condensate wave function was encountered. The renormalization prescription used broke the scale symmetry initially present in the Lagrangian. Once more the optimization equation was derived. This time this was done by the resolution of Schwinger-Dyson equation to the electron self energy. An expression to the dynamically generated mass of the electron, in terms of the condensate wave function, was presented, as well as the mass parameter dependence of the coupling constant. Our calculations, however, lead us to conclude that the existence of such composed vacuum of the Quantum Electrodynamics is not possible, at least within our approach

    Electronic and structural properties of GaAs micro-clusters.

    No full text
    Temos utilizado o método de Hartree-Fock-Roothaan, seguido da teoria de perturbação de segunda ordem, para a determinação das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas dos aglornerados GaAs, G2As, GaAs2, Ga3As, Ga2As2, GaAs3, G4As, Ga3As2, Ga2As4, GaAs4, Ga3As3, G4Asa, Ga3As4, Ga4As4 e seus íons positivos e negativos. A estrutura de equilíbrio de cada um destes aglomerados foi determinada através de cálculos de otimização de geometria sem a imposição de vínculos espaciais de simetria sobre a função de onda. Uma vez determinadas as estruturas dos estados fundamentais destes aglomerados, obtivemos os valores de diversas propriedades eletrônicas e energéticas, como o potencial de ionização, a afinidade eletrônica, 0 bond-order, populações orbitais de Mulliken, carga sobre os átomos, natureza dos HOMO-LUMO, etc. Com estas informações, pudemos então descrever de forma detalhada cada um destes aglomerados e comparar nossos resultados com os existentes na literatura. Realizando uma analise conjunta dos resultados obtidos, deduzimos um padrão estrutural a ser seguido por estes pequenos aglomerados de GaAs, onde as formas embrionárias destes aglomerados têm SUM estruturas geométrica e eletrônica baseadas em configurações altamente simétricas, formadas pelos átomos de As. Os átomos adicionais de Ga entram em posições que favorecem um padrão de hibridização e ordenamento químico que tende ao padrão apresentado pelo cristal de GaAs. A passagem para uma estrutura em camadas e observada ocorrer ja no aglomerado estequiométrico com oito átomos. Utilizando o princípio de hard and soft acids and bases, estudamos a reatividade química do aglomerado Ga2As2 e da superfície GaAs[ll0], quando em interação com átomos externos.Using the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan method, followed by second-order perturbation theory we determined the structural and electronic properties of the GaAs, Ga2As, GaAs2, Ga3As, Ga2As2, GaAs3, Ga4As, Ga3As2, Ga2As3, GaAs4, Ga3As3, Ga4As3, Ga4As4, Ga4As4 clusters and its positive and negative ions. The equilibrium structure for each of these clusters was determined throgh geometry optimization calculations, without spatial symmetry constraint on the wave function. Once we have determined the ground state structures of these clusters, the values of different electronic and structural properties were evaluated. This includes the ionization potential, electron affinity, bond-order, Mulliken populations, the nature of the HOMO-LUMO orbitals, etc. With these informations we described in detail each one of the clusters, and we compared our results with the experimental and theoretical published results. Analysing the assembly of the obtained results, we can deduce a structural pattern to be followed by these small clusters of GaAs, where the embrionary forms of these clusters have the geometric and electronic structures based on highly symmetrical configurations formed by the As atoms. The Ga aditional atoms enter in positions that enhance a hybridization and chemical ordering which tends to that presented by the bulk. The change for a layer structure is observed occur yet in the eight atoms stechiometric cluster. Using the hard and soft acids and bases principle, we have studied chemical reactivity of the Ga2As2 cluster and the GaAs[ll0] surface when in interaction with atoms

    Systematic study of small BN clusters

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    We performed a systematic investigation of the small BxNy (x+y6)(x+y\leq 6) clusters using the ab initio Hartree-Fock scheme plus second-order perturbation theory. The nature of the potential energy surface extrema are analyzed through analytical total energy second derivatives. Ionization potentials, binding energies and the stability against some possible reaction mechanisms are calculated. Based on these results we propose that the growing process for these clusters is mainly due to the successive incorporation of BN molecules. A discussion of some mass spectrometry experimental results is also presented

    Etapas iniciais de reações complexas através do softness local dos reagentes isolados

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    We present a quantitative approach to determine the first stages of a chemical reaction using only properties of the isolated reactants. This approach is based on the empirical principle of hard and soft acids and bases and allows one to calculate the energy variation of an interacting system as a function of the electron number on each reactant. The use of this approach to the interaction of the Ga2As2 with external atoms Na and CI is presented. A comparison between these results with first principles total energy calculations is also presented.Apresentamos uma abordagem quantitativa para a determinação das etapas iniciais de uma reação química a partir somente de propriedades dos reagentes isolados. Esta abordagem se baseia no princípio empírico de ácidos e bases hard e soft, e permite calcular a variação da energia do sistema em interação, como função do número de elétrons em cada reagente. A aplicação desta abordagem à interação da molécula de Ga2As2 com átomos de Na e Cl é apresentada, assim como a comparação destes resultados com cálculos de primeiros princípios para a energia total do sistema em interação

    Quantum electrodynamics without bare mass electron: a variational study

    No full text
    O método variacional foi usado para estudar a possibilidade de existência de um vácuo composto da Eletrodinâmica Quântica. Um ansatz contendo um condensado de pares elétron - pósitron foi investigado e uma equação de otimização para a função de onda do condensado foi encontrada. A prescrição de renormalização utilizada quebrou a simetria de escala inicialmente presente no Lagrangiano. A equação de otimização foi rededuzida resolvendo-se a equação de Schwinger-Dyson para a auto-energia do elétron. Expressões tanto para a massa dinamicamente gerada para o elétron, em termos da função de onda dos pares, quanto para a dependência da constante de acoplamento com o parâmetro de massa (ponto de renormalização) foram apresentadas. Nossos cálculos, entretanto, nos levaram a concluir que, pelo menos dentro de nossa abordagem, não é possível a existência de tal vácuo composto da Eletrodinâmica Quântica.The variational method was used to study the possibility of existence of a composed vacuum of the Quantum Electrodynamics. An ansatz containing a condensate of electron-positron pairs was investigated and an optimization equation for the condensate wave function was encountered. The renormalization prescription used broke the scale symmetry initially present in the Lagrangian. Once more the optimization equation was derived. This time this was done by the resolution of Schwinger-Dyson equation to the electron self energy. An expression to the dynamically generated mass of the electron, in terms of the condensate wave function, was presented, as well as the mass parameter dependence of the coupling constant. Our calculations, however, lead us to conclude that the existence of such composed vacuum of the Quantum Electrodynamics is not possible, at least within our approach
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