247 research outputs found
High resolution kinematics of galactic globular clusters. II. On the significance of velocity dispersion measurements
Small number statistics may heavily affect the structure of the broadening
function in integrated spectra of galactic globular cluster centers. As a
consequence, it is a priori unknown how closely line broadening measure- ments
gauge the intrinsic velocity dispersions at the cores of these stel- lar
systems. We have tackled this general problem by means of Monte Carlo
simulations. An examination of the mode and the frequency distribution of the
measured values of the simulations indicates that the low value measured for
the velocity dispersion of M30 (Zaggia etal 1992) is likely a reliable estimate
of the velocity dispersion at the center of this cluster. The same methodology
applied to the case of M15 suggests that the steep inward rise of the velocity
dispersion found by Peterson, Seitzer and Cudworth (1989) is real, although
less pronounced. Large-aperture observa- tions are less sensitive to
statistical fluctuations, but are unable to detect strong variations in the
dispersion wich occur within the aperture itself.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures upon request, Latex A&A style version 3.0,
DAPD-20
Precise measurement of gas volumes by means of low-offset MEMS flow sensors with µL/min resolution
Experiments devoted to evaluate the performance of a MEMS thermal flow sensor in measuring gas volumes are described. The sensor is a single-chip platform, including several sensing structures and a low-offset, low-noise readout interface. A recently proposed offset compensation approach is implemented obtaining low temperature drift and excellent long time stability. The sensor is fabricated by applying a simple micromachining procedure to a chip produced using the BCD6s process of STMicroelectronics. Application of a gas conveyor allowed inclusion of the sensing structure into a channel of sub-millimeter cross-section. The results of measurements performed by making controlled air volumes pass through the sensor channel in both directions at rates from 0.1 to 5 mL/min are described
A Compact CMOS Compatible micro-Pirani Vacuum Sensor with Wide Operating Range and Low Power Consumption
A micro-Pirani vacuum sensor with an operating pressure range of more than 5 decades is described. The device is fabricated by applying a low-resolution and potentially low-cost front-side bulk micromachining step to a chip produced with a commercial CMOS technology. Maximization of the thermally coupled surfaces has been obtained by stacking all layers available by default in the CMOS process. This design choice and the integration of a low-noise, low-power readout interface allowed achievement of state-of-art performances with a fabrication approach affordable even to SMEs and small University laboratories
A Compact, Dual Channel Flow-based Differential Pressure Sensor with mPa Resolution and Sub-10 mW Power Consumption
In this work, we propose a single-chip sensor for the detection of two extremely low, independent differential pressures. The operating principle consists in measuring the airflow induced by the pressure through a channel of sub-millimeter cross-section [1]. The airflow is measured by differential thermal flow sensors, implementing a recently proposed drift-free offset compensation approach. Use of a low-noise, low-power readout interface, integrated on the same chip as the sensing structures, allowed the achievement of resolutions of 1.29 mPa, which are one order of magnitude lower than state-of-art devices. This performance has been obtained with power consumptions suitable for battery-powered applications
A compact current-mode instrumentation amplifier for general-purpose sensor interfaces
The proposed amplifier architecture follows a consolidated topology based on second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs), optimized for fully-differential operation. The architecture uses gain-boosting to improve the offset and noise characteristics of a recently proposed design. Wide input and output ranges and high accuracy are obtained by designing the CCIIs according to an original two-stage architecture with local voltage feedback. Embedding of chopper switch matrices into the amplifier enables vector analysis of the input signal, expanding the application field. The main strengths of the proposed amplifier are compactness and versatility. Measurements performed on a prototype designed with a 0.18 μm CMOS process are described
Effects of Foliar-Applied Mixed Mineral Fertilizers and Organic Biostimulants on the Growth and Hybrid Seed Production of a Male-Sterile Inbred Maize Line
Plants of inbred maize lines are characterized by low vigor due to their high rates of homozygosity and may, therefore, benefit from additional nutrients and biostimulants supplied via foliar spraying. The present study innovatively investigated the effects of foliar treatment with three commercial organic-mineral fertilizers/biostimulants on a male-sterile inbred line of maize at the five-leaf stage. The three fertilizers were characterized by their following content: (i) NPK + hydrolyzed animal epithelium + micronutrients (named 'NPK + Hae + micro'), (ii) NK + humified peat (named 'NK + Hp'), and (iii) PK + Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (named 'PK + An'). The resulting shoot and root growth and seed yield and quality were compared to a control (C). Both NPK + Hae + micro and PK + An treatments enhanced root growth in the top 20 cm soil layer at the ten-leaf stage: root dry biomass increased by 80 and 24%, respectively, and the volumetric root length density by 61 and 17%. The two treatments also allowed for a larger number of commercial seeds to be produced (on average +16 bags per gross hectare vs. C) owing to a better seed caliber, which consequently reduced rates of seed disposal (-11 and -20% for PK + An and NPK + Hae + micro, respectively) and, in the case of NPK + Hae + micro, due to an increment in the number of kernels per ear (+5% vs. C). These effects were not associated with any significant changes in shoot growth, height, or leaf net CO2 assimilation. In this preliminary trial, peak commercial benefit was obtained with the use of hydrolyzed epithelium together with macro- and micronutrients. Further investigation into application timing and dose, and the means by which these products alleviate the effects of low vigor and stress conditions observed particularly under mechanical emasculation is, however, necessary for their full exploitation in the production of hybrid maize seeds
Phenology and radial growth of poplars in wide alley agroforestry systems and the effect on yield of annual intercrops in the first four years of tree age
A Plague of Magnetic Spots Among the Hot Stars of Globular Clusters
Six decades and counting, the formation of hot ~20,000-30,000 K Extreme
Horizontal Branch (EHB) stars in Galactic Globular Clusters remains one of the
most elusive quests in stellar evolutionary theory. Here we report on two
discoveries shattering their currently alleged stable luminosity. The first EHB
variability is periodic and cannot be ascribed to binary evolution nor
pulsation. Instead, we here attribute it to the presence of magnetic spots:
superficial chemical inhomogeneities whose projected rotation induces the
variability. The second EHB variability is aperiodic and manifests itself on
time-scales of years. In two cases, the six-year light curves display
superflare events a mammoth several million times more energetic than solar
analogs. We advocate a scenario where the two spectacular EHB variability
phenomena are different manifestations of diffuse, dynamo-generated, weak
magnetic fields. Ubiquitous magnetic fields, therefore, force an admittance
into the intricate matrix governing the formation of all EHBs, and traverse to
their Galactic field counterparts. The bigger picture is one where our
conclusions bridge similar variability/magnetism phenomena in all
radiative-enveloped stars: young main-sequence stars, old EHBs and defunct
white dwarfs.Comment: Author's version of the main article (23 pages) and Supplementary
Information (22 pages) combined into a single pdf (45 pages). Readers invited
to read the Nature Astronomy Published version available at this url:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1113-
Measurement and Interpretation of Fermion-Pair Production at LEP energies above the Z Resonance
This paper presents DELPHI measurements and interpretations of
cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries, and angular distributions, for
the e+e- -> ffbar process for centre-of-mass energies above the Z resonance,
from sqrt(s) ~ 130 - 207 GeV at the LEP collider. The measurements are
consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model and are used to study a
variety of models including the S-Matrix ansatz for e+e- -> ffbar scattering
and several models which include physics beyond the Standard Model: the
exchange of Z' bosons, contact interactions between fermions, the exchange of
gravitons in large extra dimensions and the exchange of sneutrino in R-parity
violating supersymmetry.Comment: 79 pages, 16 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
Study of Tau-pair Production in Photon-Photon Collisions at LEP and Limits on the Anomalous Electromagnetic Moments of the Tau Lepton
Tau-pair production in the process e+e- -> e+e-tau+tau- was studied using
data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP2 during the years 1997 - 2000.
The corresponding integrated luminosity is 650 pb^{-1}. The values of the
cross-section obtained are found to be in agreement with QED predictions.
Limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton
are deduced.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
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