Muslim Diaspora in the West and International HRM

Interest in Islam and how Muslims organise themselves within the so-called Western world has largely stemmed from the flow of Muslim immigration since the 1960s and the 1970s (Loobuyck, Debeer, & Meier, 2013). Many of these immigrants have come to these new lands in the hope of making a better life for themselves economically, or to escape the political or religious pressures of their homeland (Lebl, 2014). Initially, deeming the influx of these foreigners to be largely irrelevant, there was little interest in their presence by the different governments across many jurisdictions. Typically, scant interest was shown towards entering into dialogue with the Muslim immigrant community. Indeed, until the 1990s, it was not uncommon for Islam to be perceived as a strange, foreign religion that was best managed through outsourcing to respective consulates (Loobuyck et al., 2013). Yet, migration and work-based mobility has a significant influence on the world of work and societies in which organisations are embedded. Many individuals migrate for better employment perspectives, as well as due to chain migration, betterment in the quality of life and based on fleeing famine, war and terror zones globally (Sharma & Reimer-Kirkham, 2015; Valiūnienė, 2016). Migration could involve upward as well as downward mobility/ wages, depending on the country and organisation. For example, minimum wages differ from € 184 in Bulgaria up to € 1923 in Luxembourg (Valiūnienė, 2016). Migration also contributes to the lived religion of diasporic communities as they navigate their faith at work (Sharma & Reimer-Kirkha

Enxertia em figueira Roxo de Valinhos por borbulhia e garfagem.

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Performance assessment of drop tube reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis using process simulator

Biomass pyrolysis process from a drop tube reactor was modelled in a plug flow reactor using Aspen Plus process simulation software. A kinetic mechanism for pyrolysis was developed considering the recent improvements and updated kinetic schemes to account for different content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this regard, oak, beechwood, rice straw, and cassava stalk biomasses were analyzed. The main phenomena governing the pyrolysis process are identified in terms of the characteristic times. Pyrolysis process was found to be reaction rate controlled. Effects of pyrolysis temperature on bio-oil, gases, and char yields were evaluated. At optimum pyrolysis conditions (i.e., 500?), a bio-oil yield of 67.3, 64, 43, and 52 wt.% were obtained from oak, beechwood, rice straw, and cassava stalk, respectively. Oak and beechwood were found to give high yields of bio-oil, while rice straw produced high gas and char yields compared to other biomasses. Although temperature is the main factor that plays a key role in the distribution of pyrolysis products, the composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the feedstock also determines the yield behaviour and composition of products. With the rise in pyrolysis temperature, further decomposition of intermediate components was initiated favouring the formation of lighter fractions. Comparably, species belonging to the aldehyde chemical family had the highest share of bio-oil components in all the investigated feedstocks. Overall, the present study shows a good agreement with the experimental study reported in the literature, confirming its validity as a predictive tool for the biomass pyrolysis process

Co-combustion of residual forest biomass and sludge in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed

In this work, the co-combustion of residual forest biomass from eucalyptus and its blend with different amounts of primary and secondary sludge from the pulp and paper industry was studied in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The main objective was the determination of sludge addition influence on the overall process and on the composition of the exhaust gases, with emphasis on chlorine emissions, namely present in the solid phase (fly ashes) and in the gaseous phase (hydrogen chloride), and nitrogen oxides emissions. The co-combustion process of residual forest biomass with primary sludge (up to 5% in mass) and secondary sludge (up to 10% in mass) was successfully demonstrated as a valid energy valorization option. Except specific cases, no significant emissions increase of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide or hydrogen chloride were found with the addition of sludge. In fact, hydrogen chloride emissions decreased, potentially due to an increase in the chlorine retention in ashes caused by the high inorganic content present in the sludge. This high inorganic content can also lead to a significant increase in ash production during the combustion process. Thus, consequently, without proper maintenance, significant ash accumulation along the combustion system may occur, which can decrease the process efficiency and cause equipment damage.publishe

Estiolamento, incisão na base da estaca e uso do ácido indolbutírico na propagação da caramboleira por estacas lenhosas.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito do estiolamento, da incisão na base da estaca e do tratamento com ácidoindolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de caramboleira. As estacas foram padronizadas com um par de folhasinteiras e 12 cm de comprimento