New Results on Subtractive Magic Graphs

For any edge xy in a directed graph, the subtractive edge-weight is the sum of the label of xy and the label of y minus the label of x. Similarly, for any vertex z in a directed graph, the subtractive vertex-weight of z is the sum of the label of z and all edges directed into z and all the labels of edges that are directed away from z. A subtractive magic graph has every subtractive edge and vertex weight equal to some constant k. In this paper, we will discuss variations of subtractive magic labelings on directed graphs

Adoptive Youth Ministry of Chap Clark. A Critical Appraisal from a Catholic Perspective

Based on the two fundamentals in Youth Ministry, namely the role of the youth in Youth Ministry as protagonists and subjects, as proposed in Christus Vivit, the apostolic exhortation on the Youth, a fresh thinking has been taking place in the Church. This study explores Youth Ministry based on the theology of Adoption propounded by Chap Clark, a Presbyterian Pastor from the United States, who has been in the field of Youth Ministry for the past 27 years. He proposes a Christian spirituality which is found in one’s belongingness to a community, which he terms as “Adoptive Youth Ministry.” The objective of Youth Ministry as adoption is for every child, every adolescent, and every young adult, to be so embraced by the community of faith that they are assured a home, a people, and a place where they can discover who they are and how they are able to contribute. It proposes a concrete step towards a process of integrating the youth in ecclesial life. A Catholic perspective on his method is an enrichment in the Church’s theology of Youth Ministry

NEW RECORD AND DISTRIBUTION EXTENSION OF Leptodactylus paraensis HEYER, 2005 (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, LEPTODACTILIDAE) IN STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL.

We report a new record of Leptodactylus paraensis in the state of Pará, extending its distribution over 500km northwest of the type-locality. Key words: Leptodactylus; distribution; Amazon; state of Pará. ABSTRACT Novo registro e extensão da distribuição de Leptodactylus paraensis Heyer, 2005 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactilidae) no estado do Pará, Brasil. Nós relatamos um novo registro de Leptodactylus paraensis no estado do Pará, estendendo a sua distribuição com mais de 500 quilômetros a noroeste da localidade-tipo. Palavras-chave: Leptodactylus, distribuição, Amazônia, Pará

Fortune or Evil? The Effect of Inward Foreign Direct Investment on Corruption ∗

Economic integration is a double-edged sword. It provides opportunities of advancement for individuals in countries embracing the global economy and leads to the diffusion of ideas of good governance. Yet, some forms of integration are associated with the deterioration of local standards and practices. In this paper, we analyze how a specific form of economic integration, foreign direct investment (FDI), relates to a specific governance outcome in host countries: the prevalence of corruption. We argue that the relationship between inward FDI and corruption depends on the underlying conditions in the host country. We test the hypotheses of the non-linear relationship of FDI and corruption in an instrumental variable two-stage least squares setting. The results indicate that FDI is associated with higher levels of corruption in less developed countries but not in developed countries. We also find that FDI is associated with higher levels of corruption in autocracies

Perspectivas matemáticas y pedagógicas de la justificación: Aproximando la raíz de 18

“La raíz cuadrada de 18 está más cerca de 4 que de 5, porque 18 está más cerca de 16 que de 25”.¿Será válida esta afirmación, escuchada en una clase de un octavo grado? Proponemos argumentos hipotéticos sobre los cuales esta afirmación estaría basada y los analizamos desde dos perspectivas complementarias –epistémica y pedagógica–apoyándonos en la noción de Toulmin sobre dependencia de campo en la argumentación y en la clasificación de Freeman de la justificación basada en el tipo de intuición, creencia o comprensión subyacentes. Proponemos que nuestro análisis de esta proposición puede ser un modelo de investigación en cursos de formación docente

Retired A Stars: The Effect of Stellar Evolution on the Mass Estimates of Subgiants

Doppler surveys have shown that the occurrence rate of Jupiter-mass planets appears to increase as a function of stellar mass. However, this result depends on the ability to accurately measure the masses of evolved stars. Recently, Lloyd (2011) called into question the masses of subgiant stars targeted by Doppler surveys. Lloyd argues that very few observable subgiants have masses greater than 1.5 Msun, and that most of them have masses in the range 1.0-1.2 Msun. To investigate this claim, we use Galactic stellar population models to generate an all-sky distribution of stars. We incorporate the effects that make massive subgiants less numerous, such as the initial mass function and differences in stellar evolution timescales. We find that these effects lead to negligibly small systematic errors in stellar mass estimates, in contrast to the roughly 50% errors predicted by Lloyd. Additionally, our simulated target sample does in fact include a significant fraction of stars with masses greater than 1.5 Msun, primarily because the inclusion of an apparent magnitude limit results in a Malmquist-like bias toward more massive stars, in contrast to the volume-limited simulations of Lloyd. The magnitude limit shifts the mean of our simulated distribution toward higher masses and results in a relatively smaller number of evolved stars with masses in the range 1.0-1.2 Msun. We conclude that, within the context of our present-day understanding of stellar structure and evolution, many of the subgiants observed in Doppler surveys are indeed as massive as main-sequence A stars.Comment: Accepted to ApJ, 5 pages, 3 figures; changed title, reworded introduction and conclusion

Evolution of the canonical sex chromosomes of the guppy and its relatives

The sex chromosomes of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and its close relatives are of particular interest: they are much younger than the highly degenerate sex chromosomes of model systems such as humans and Drosophila melanogaster, and they carry many of the genes responsible for the males’ dramatic coloration. Over the last decade, several studies have analyzed these sex chromosomes using a variety of approaches including sequencing genomes and transcriptomes, cytology, and linkage mapping. Conflicting conclusions have emerged, in particular concerning the history of the sex chromosomes and the evolution of suppressed recombination between the X and Y. Here, we address these controversies by reviewing the evidence and reanalyzing data. We find no evidence of a nonrecombining sex-determining region or evolutionary strata in P. reticulata. Furthermore, we find that the data most strongly support the hypothesis that the sex-determining regions of 2 close relatives of the guppy, Poecilia wingei and Micropoecilia picta, evolved independently after their lineages diverged. We identify possible causes of conflicting results in previous studies and suggest best practices going forward

Complete genome sequence of burkholderia gladioli myophage mana

Burkholderia gladioli is known to cause respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we describe the annotation of the 38,038-bp genome sequence of Mana, a P2-like phage of B. gladioli. Understanding the genomic characteristics of phages infecting pathogens like B. gladioli can lead to advancements in phage therapy.Fil: Godoy, Brenda. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Yao, Guichun. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Le, Tram. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Vizoso Pinto, María Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Gill, Jason. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Gonzalez, Carlos. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Liu, Mei. Texas A&M University; Estados Unido