ON THE EXPERIENCE OF TIME IN CHARLES OF ORLEANS

The poetic persona of Charles of Orleans, one of the foremost French poets of the XVth century, is markedly determined by nostalgia, a specifically time-related kind of melancholy which his poetry is permeated with even more than that of his contemporary Alain Chartier. The expression of this disposition of mind and spirit seems more lucid in the poems of the Duke of Orleans than in any poetic corpus of the time

Blokada gornjih dišnih putova u zbrinjavanju otežanog dišnog puta u budnom stanju

Airway anesthesia is pivotal for successful awake intubation provided either topically or by blocks. Airway blocks are considered technically more difficult to perform and carry a higher risk of complications. However, in experienced hands, they can be useful as they provide excellent intubating conditions. For complete upper airway anesthesia, bilateral glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerve blocks with translaryngeal injection are required. Superior laryngeal nerve block and translaryngeal injection can be performed easily, safely and with a high success rate in patients with normal anatomy. In those with difficult landmarks, ultrasound can be of assistance. For the superior laryngeal nerve block, other targets than the nerve itself must be established to make the technique consistently successful, easy to teach, learn and perform. The same applies to the translaryngeal injection, where the use of ultrasound is necessary for correct midline identification. Intraoral glossopharyngeal nerve block is also safe and easy to perform, but associated with long lasting discomfort. Bilateral extraoral peristyloid approach should be discouraged since inadvertent blocks of the closely adjacent vagus nerve cannot be prevented in this location. A safe and easy method of blocking the distal portions of the glossopharyngeal nerve for awake intubation is therefore required.Za intubaciju u budnom stanju potrebna je dobra anestezija gornjeg dišnog puta koju se može postići topičnom anestezijom ili regionalnim blokadama. Blokovi su tehnički zahtjevniji i povezani su s mogućim ozbiljnim komplikacijama, ali u rukama stručnjaka omogućavaju dobru anesteziju i odlične uvjete za intubaciju u budnom stanju. Za kompletnu anesteziju gornjeg dišnog puta potrebna je obostrana blokada glosofaringealnog živca, unutarnjih grana gornjeg laringealnog živca i translaringealna blokada. Blokade gornjeg laringealnog živca i translaringealna injekcija su jednostavne, sigurne i uspješne kod većine bolesnika s normalnom anatomijom. U primjeru teške identifikacije anatomskih točaka može poslužiti ultrazvuk. Kod ultrazvučno vođene blokade gornjeg laringealnog živca potrebno je pronaći druge ciljeve od vizualizacije samog živca, jer je ta tehnika slabo reproducibilna, teška za učenje i izvođenje. U primjeru translaringealne blokade ultrazvuk može poslužiti za točnu identifikaciju medijalne linije. Intraoralni pristup blokadi glosofaringealnog živca jednostavan je za izvođenje i dosta siguran, ali zna nanositi neugodnu bol. Obostrani vanjski, peristiloidni pristup se apsolutno ne preporuča zbog blizine vagalnog živca i posljedične opstrukcije dišnoga puta. Iz toga slijedi da je za namjeru opskrbe dišnoga puta u budnom stanju potrebno pronaći jednostavniju metodu za blokadu glosofaringealnog živca koja će biti locirana na njegovom distalnom dijelu

The COD Reduction of Wastewater Using Oxyl

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of oxyl in removing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater. Oxyl is a strong oxidizing solution generated by the electrolysis of w = 1 % NaCl brine solution from the well of the positive electrode in an electrolysing apparatus. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trap technique showed that several free radical species, with high oxidation potential, are present in oxyl solution. Experimental oxidations of industrial wastewater polluted by surfactants were performed using oxyl (in the laboratory) and industrial scale yielding a COD reduction of up to 70 %. The implementation of wastewater treatment using oxyl in an industrial plant may considerably reduce the water pollution tax that companies are paying for wastewater discharge. An economic feasibility study of the investment was performed, which indicated the good economic potential of the procedure

Characteristics of heteroblasty in Hladnikia pastinacifolia (Apiaceae), a rare endemic from Slovenia

Hladnikia pastinacifolia, the most prominent endemic plant species in Slovenia, is rare and protected because it is a stenoendemic and paleoendemic species restricted to area of Trnovski gozd (W Slovenia). However, this species can be found in various habitats. The disparity between the nonspecific habitat preference of the species and its rarity has not been sufficiently explained. Here we focus on the functional morphological features that are most indicative for the ecology of plant species: the anatomical and morphological characteristics of leaves. Hladnikia pastinacifolia exhibits heterophylly during ontogeny (heteroblasty). We aimed to describe and compare the anatomical characteristics of three H. pastinacifolia leaf morphotypes among them and in relation to various habitats. Therefore, we compared leaf functional features that are indicative for the ecology of plant species: the thickness of the leaf lamina, the spongy and palisade parenchyma, the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis and the number of leaf stomata in the upper and lower epidermis. These measurements were further used to calculate the ratio between the spongy and palisade parenchyma, leaf stomata index and the density of leaf stomata. We determined that the H. pastinacifolia heteroblasty belongs to the Apium-type. Results showed that the five-pinnate leaves were the most distinct type, being the thickest, with the highest numbers of stomata abaxially. When compared among habitats, leaves from the scree habitat were the thickest according to all the tissue layers studied. The indices calculated were less useful for the distinction between leaf types and habitats

The COD Reduction of Wastewater Using Oxyl

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of oxyl in removing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater. Oxyl is a strong oxidizing solution generated by the electrolysis of w = 1 % NaCl brine solution from the well of the positive electrode in an electrolysing apparatus. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trap technique showed that several free radical species, with high oxidation potential, are present in oxyl solution. Experimental oxidations of industrial wastewater polluted by surfactants were performed using oxyl (in the laboratory) and industrial scale yielding a COD reduction of up to 70 %. The implementation of wastewater treatment using oxyl in an industrial plant may considerably reduce the water pollution tax that companies are paying for wastewater discharge. An economic feasibility study of the investment was performed, which indicated the good economic potential of the procedure

Hate Speech and French Mediaeval Literature

Hate speech is spoken or written word which expresses a hostile attitude of a dominating majority towards any kind of minority. The author analyses a few examples of hate speech in literary history and concludes that such a phenomenon is typical of The Song of Roland, whether uttered in a direct way or spoken between the lines. One will expect hate speech in epic and heroic poetry, less in the Troubadour poetry. Yet we come across this awkward characteristic even in their love poetry. To be quite clear, in the poetry of Bernart de Ventadorn. The last part of the article is about the courtly romance. The author concludes that hate speech can only be controlled by love, not any, but the love that makes one a better person, and which the Troubadours called fin’amors

The Importance of using Discounted Cash Flow Methodology in Techno-economic Analyses of Energy and Chemical Production Plants

This paper demonstrates the correct application of discounted cash flow methodology for evaluating and designing energy and chemical production plants. Such processes usually correspond to capital intensive long-term projects. Simple economic criteria, like the profit or production cost are insufficient for this type of decision making because they do not take into account the time value of money and underestimate the profitabilities of the evaluated plants. This paper shows that some of those criteria based on the discounted cash flows establish suitable compromises between long-term cash flow generation and profitability. As several alternative options are usually evaluated in parallel, it is shown how to rank mutually exclusive alternatives properly and how to select the best option from among them. Two large-scale case studies demonstrate that using discounted cash flow methodology can result in substantially different decisions than non-discounted criteria, however, these decisions are affected by several input parameters

U KRUGOVIMA

This short article analyses a poem by one of the best Croatian poets of the 90's war generation, Tomica Bajsić (a world traveller and a war veteran volunteer, wounded and decorated several times), and suggests possible interpretations of his war experience and the overall presence of travel adventure in his poetry