Pattern of mortality in sickle cell disease: an autopsy study

Background: Sickle haemoglobin is highly prevalent in western India. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the generic term for the group of haemoglobinopathies caused by the occurrence of haemoglobin S (Hbs) in the homozygous form –sickle cell anaemia (Hbss) or as the heterozygous combination of Hbs with another abnormal haemoglobin such as Hbsc or beta –thalassaemias (Hbs b-thal). While doing autopsy in case of death with no apparent cause, the possibility of death may be due to vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease should be kept in mind. The findings at autopsy are variation of features which may or may not be directly connected to death. The goal is to draw awareness among physicians and relatives on need of autopsy as to minimize future unexpected death from complication or crisis and to enhance knowledge on both parties.Methods: This was a study of autopsy specimens received between January 2015 to December 2015 at tertiary care hospital.Results: Total of 679 autopsy cases were received, out of which sickled erythrocytes were detected in 25 cases. The mean age at death was 30 years, a male/female ratio of 1.5:1 and peak mortality was in the 2nd to 4th decades of life. The commonest presentation was sudden death. The cause of death in middle aged patients were vaso occlusive crisis, in paediatric patients were infection and in older patients were chronic organ damage.Conclusions: Early diagnosis, prompt treatment and extended screening programme are necessary in prevalent tribal belt of western India to reduce morbidity and mortality. we should also introduce awareness programmes in tribal belt of western India

Pattern of histopathological lesions in lung autopsy

Background: A large number of pathologic conditions involve the lung parenchyma like inflammatory, neoplastic and others. The lungs are also involved in almost all terminal events of cardiovascular disease. Autopsy is an important and most useful way to find out the condition of internal organs and to evaluate any localized lesions or systemic disease and hence determine cause of death. Aims and objectives of study are to identify the histopathological spectrum of lung disease. To find out frequency of various lung pathologies in respect to age and sex.Methods: This study was retrospective and done on 649 cases of medico legal autopsies. The tissue specimens were fixed and processed. Routine paraffin sectioning was done followed by Hematoxylene and eosin (H and E) staining. Special stains were done whenever required. Relevant clinical and postmortem findings, gross and microscopic examination findings were recorded.Results: After thorough histopathological examinations, of total 649 cases, various pulmonary lesions were identified in 348(53.6%) cases while in 301(46.4%) cases no significant pathology was seen. Most commonly affected age group was 30-49 years 43.1% followed by age group of >60years 17.8%. Majority of diseased were male 285 (81.9%). Most common lung pathology found was Edema and congestion in 93 cases (26.72%), chronic venous congestion in 92 cases (26.44%) pneumonia in 65 cases (18.68%) followed by Tuberculosis/Tuberculous pneumonia in 29 cases (8.3%).Conclusions: In our population, the present study reveals that infectious disease are still the most common cause of mortality, despite recent advances in diagnostic technology, the autopsy has remained an important complementary tool for identifying and understanding pathology of disease.

Yield performance of calocybe indica on different agricultural subatrate

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on the different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace, and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrates. The bags were kept in a mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30? c-35? c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fra esh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as sua bstrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Piperazine Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Some 1-((4-methylpiperazin-1yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole & 1-((4-phenylpiperazin-1yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized through reaction of 1-substituted piperazines with different benzimidazole derivatives in methanol yielded the corresponding mannich bases (42-a to 42-i). All the synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR and MASS spectroscopy. They were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using in-vivo (Carrageenan- induced rat paw edema model) method at a dose of 50mg/kg. result showed that compounds 42-c, 42-d and 42-h were found to be most potent in series. Keywords: 1,4-disubstituted Piperazine, Anti-inflammatory, Mannich Base

Sporadic ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor with annular tubules: a rare case report

Ovarian sex cord stromal tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a distinctive, rare subtype of sex cord stromal tumor of the ovary, predominant component of which has morphological features intermediate between that of granulosa cell and sertoli cell. The majority of ovarian SCTAT are benign. So far, malignant behavior in SCTAT has been reported only in sporadic cases. We have presented a case of SCTAT in a 40 year old lady with no association of Peutz-Jegher (P-J) syndrome. The patient’s chief complaints were post-menopausal bleeding for 1 year on and off along with menorrhagia. MRI abdomen was suggestive of intensely enhancing solid tissue mass lesion in the right  adnexa, features suggestive of ovarian mass. Panhysterectomy was done. Grossly uterus and left adnexa appeared to be normal. Right ovary showed mass measuring 17x11x9cm3 in size, on cut section, solid, homogenous lobulated, yellowish areas identified. Microscopic and Immunohistochemistry findings confirmed the diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumor with annular tubules of granulosa cell type. PAS stain supported the diagnosis

Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Diclofenac Sodium and Serratiopeptidase in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

Second order derivative spectroscopy method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Diclofenac sodium (DFS) and Serratiopeptidase (SPD) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Accurate and Précised UV Spectrophotometric method with good sensitivity has been developed for simultaneous estimation of DFS and SPD. The method employs Second order derivative based on the measurement of absorbance of DFS at ZCP 264.20 nm and SPD at ZCP 295.20 nm. The calibration curve was linear in a concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml for DFS and 25-150 μg/ml for SPD. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline, for its accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and the results were found to be satisfactory, thus the method is specific, rapid and simple with good sensitivity for estimation of DFS and SPD in marketed dosage form. Keywords: Diclofenac sodium, Serratiopeptidase, Second order derivative method, Validatio

Development and Validation of Analytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Diclofenac Sodium and Serratiopeptidase in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

Second order derivative spectroscopy method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Diclofenac sodium (DFS) and Serratiopeptidase (SPD) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Accurate and Précised UV Spectrophotometric method with good sensitivity has been developed for simultaneous estimation of DFS and SPD. The method employs Second order derivative based on the measurement of absorbance of DFS at ZCP 264.20 nm and SPD at ZCP 295.20 nm. The calibration curve was linear in a concentration range of 5-30 μg/ml for DFS and 25-150 μg/ml for SPD. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline, for its accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and the results were found to be satisfactory, thus the method is specific, rapid and simple with good sensitivity for estimation of DFS and SPD in marketed dosage form. Keywords: Diclofenac sodium, Serratiopeptidase, Second order derivative method, Validatio

Anticancer and Cytotoxic Potential of Aqueous Extract of Triticum aestivum on Colorectal Carcinoma

Introduction: Cancer is caused by abnormalities in genetic material of the transformed cells. Cancer may also be initiated by carcinogens, tobacco, smoke, radiation, chemicals or infectious agents, especially some viruses. Cancers cause annually more than 13% of all human deaths. More than 70% of all cancer deaths occurred in low and middle income countries. Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 12 million deaths in 2030 (WHO estimate). Natural products have been used as traditional medicines in many parts of the world like Egypt, China, Greece, and India from ancient times. It is from these medicinal plants, the modern drugs been developed known to be free of the deleterious effects, are inexpensive and effective. One of these herbs is Wheatgrass, the young grass of Triticum aestivum Linn., family: Poeaceae. Objectives: Objective of the study was to analyze anticancer property of leaves of Triticum aestivum on HCT-15 cells. Materials and methods: The young grass of Triticum aestivum is was collected. The aqueous extract was prepared by using standard protocols. The antiproliferative effect of the aqueous extract was evaluated in vitro by employing MTT assay. The potency of plant extract was calculated in terms of percent decrease in viable HCT-15 cells as compared to the control. Result and conclusion: The extract showed dose dependent antitumor activity. The MTT assay showed an anti proliferative activity (IC50) at 258.8 μg/ml of crude extract. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, CRC, HCT-15, IC50, MTT Assay

Structural and functional interactions between six-transmembrane mu-opioid receptors and beta(2)-adrenoreceptors modulate opioid signaling

The primary molecular target for clinically used opioids is the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Besides the major seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, the MOR gene codes for alternatively spliced six-transmembrane (6TM) isoforms, the biological and clinical significance of which remains unclear. Here, we show that the otherwise exclusively intracellular localized 6TM-MOR translocates to the plasma membrane upon coexpression with beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)-ARs) through an interaction with the fifth and sixth helices of beta(2)-AR. Coexpression of the two receptors in BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells potentiates calcium responses to a 6TM-MOR ligand, and this calcium response is completely blocked by a selective beta(2)-antagonist in BE(2)-C cells, and in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. Co-administration of 6TM-MOR and beta(2)-AR ligands leads to substantial analgesic synergy and completely reverses opioid-induced hyperalgesia in rodent behavioral models. Together, our results provide evidence that the heterodimerization of 6TM-MOR with beta(2)-AR underlies a molecular mechanism for 6TM cellular signaling, presenting a unique functional responses to opioids. This signaling pathway may contribute to the hyperalgesic effects of opioids that can be efficiently blocked by beta(2)-AR antagonists, providing a new avenue for opioid therapy.Peer reviewe