Cost and income analysis of different methods of cutting vines for wood production in the Tapajós national forest

This survey was conducted in the Tapajós National Forest, in the state of Pará, Brazil evaluating the cost and income of four different methods of cutting vines in the course of forest management, looking to log wood production. Each method was conducted in an area of 96 ha by cutting the vines (1) around all commercial and potentially commercial trees (Method M1), (2) only in the area of commercial and potentially commercial tree occurrence (Method M2), (3) around al commercial and potentially commercial trees and toward fall (Method M3), and (4) only around those commercial trees chosen for the first harvest (Method M4). In all variables analyzed, the methods differed statistically.Method M4 which showed the lowest cost (6.35 U.S. $), may be considered the best. In this method, the vine population was partially preserved, which is important ecologically.Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Pará, e foram avaliados os custos e rendimentos de quatro diferentes Métodos de corte de cipós na condução do manejo florestal, visando à produção de madeira em toras. Cada método foi conduzido numa área de 96 ha e a metodologia consistiu em cortar os cipós em torno de todas as árvores comerciais e potencialmente comerciais (Método M1-Individual), apenas na área de ocorrência de árvores comerciais e potencialmente comerciais (Método M2-Zoneado), em torno de todas as árvores comerciais e potencialmente comerciais e na direção de queda (Método M3-direção de queda) e apenas em torno das árvores comerciais destinadas à primeira colheita (Método M4). Em todas as variáveis analisadas os métodos utilizados diferiram estatisticamente. O método M4, com o menor custo (6,35 US$) e maior rendimento (2,07 ha/hora) é considerado o melhor desta pesquisa. Neste método, a população de cipós é parcialmente preservada, mantendo, assim, sua importante função ecológica na floresta

Fatores que podem influenciar na evasão no ensino superior: uma análise estatística do curso de engenharia florestal no campus de Parauapebas da universidade federal rural da Amazônia / Factors that may influence higher education dropout: a statistical analysis of the forest engineering course at the Parauapebas campus of the universidade federal rural da Amazônia

Uma maneira de conhecer um aluno e evitar uma evasão destes durante a realização do ensino superior, é estudar o seu perfil socioeconômico e cultural. Pensando nisso, esse trabalho tem por objetivo identificar como é o comportamento social, econômica e cultural, de graduandos em Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, campus de Parauapebas (UFRA). Para obter os resultados, foi coletado dados com elementos descritivos de 38 dos 40 alunos inscritos no primeiro semestre do curso do ano de 2020 do curso de engenharia florestal. Como resultado, observou-se uma média de idade desses alunos de 20 anos e muitos desses estudantes moravam em outros locais do estado onde está localizada a universidade e até de outros estados, e diferente de outras engenharias, uma característica do curso da UFRA-Parauapebas, é que a maior parte dos alunos são mulheres. Constata-se também a falta de recursos doe estudante que podem dificultar o seu proveito no curso.  Sintomas psicológicos também estão presentes nesses alunos, pois um percentual desses responderam que possuem algum indício de problema psicológico, podendo afetar numa saída do curso

Nutritional status and prevalence of anemia in pregnant adolescent

Orientadores: Fernanda Garanhani de Castro Surita, João Luiz Pinto e SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil nutricional no início do pré-natal e a associação entre anemia e resultados perinatais em gestantes adolescentes. Métodos: Esta dissertação aborda resultados de dois projetos de pesquisa distintos. Projeto 1: Corte transversal. Foram coletados dados sócios-demográficos, hábitos, comorbidades, hemoglobina sérica, tratamento para anemia, intercorrências da gestação, via de parto, e dados do recém-nascido de gestantes adolescente que tiveram pré-natal e parto no CAISM. A amostra foi dividida em: gestantes adolescentes sem anemia, com anemia tratada e com anemia sem tratamento. Frequências, médias, desvios-padrão e teste de Qui-quadrado foram calculados. Projeto 2: Corte transversal prospectivo. Foram coletados dados sociais demográficos, reprodutivos, dietéticos e antropométricos, de primigestas adolescentes, antes da 20a semana de gestação, através de questionário padronizado, Recordatório de 24 horas, Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) e percentagem de gordura corporal (%GC) por dobras cutâneas (DC) e análise da composição corporal por impedância bioelétrica (BIA). Utilizou-se teste de Qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher para as variáveis contínuas e teste de Correlação de Spearman para análise das variáveis dietéticas segundo variáveis antropométricas. Resultados: No primeiro estudo foram analisadas 458 gestantes, com prevalência de anemia de 41.27%, sendo 27.07% anemia leve, 13.97% anemia moderada e 0.22% anemia severa, destas 87.24% receberam tratamento. A idade média foi 16 anos, 81.03% primigestas. Os subgrupos de análise apresentaram características sociais demográficas, obstétricas e hábitos similares. Síndromes hipertensivas (5.75%), infecções do trato urinário (4.2%) e diabete (2.88%) ocorreram sem diferença entre os grupos. O HIV+ foi mais prevalente entre adolescentes com anemia não tratada (p=0.018). Trabalho de parto prematuro, Capurro<37 e óbito fetal apresentaram associação com anemia não tratada (p=0.003, p=0.036 e p=0.004 respectivamente). Taxa de cesariana de 36.9%, as principais indicações e médias de peso dos recém-nascidos foram similares entre os grupos. No segundo estudo foram incluídas 87 adolescentes com idade média de 15(±1.4) anos. IMC pré-gestacional médio de 22.9Kg/m² (±4.2) sendo, 13.8% baixo peso, 59.8% eutrófica, 18.4% sobrepeso e 8% obesa, e na primeira consulta de pré-natal IMC médio de 22.9 (±4.2), 4.6% baixo peso, 63.2% eutrófica, 20.7% sobrepeso e 11.5% obesas. A variação média de peso foi 1.7Kg(±4,4). A %GC média por DC e BIA foi 31.9% (±4.4) e 28.7% (±4.6), respectivamente, com forte correlação entre os dois métodos (r=0.77372). O consumo energético médio foi 116.8% (±67.2) da recomendação diária média (1805.5Kcal/dia; ±67.2). Consumo de carboidrato foi adequado em 24.1% das gestantes, lipídio em 34.5% e proteína em 72.4%. Cálcio foi consumido inadequadamente em 94.3% e zinco 62.1%, e ferro e ácido fólico ambos em 98.9% das gestantes. O consumo de proteína e zinco tiveram correlação negativa com a %GC por ambos os métodos (r=-0.3096 e r=-0.2363, respectivamente). Conclusões: As adolescentes apresentaram alta prevalência de anemia, que se não tratada aumentou a ocorrência de parto prematuro e óbito fetal. Adolescentes também apresentam IMC médio eutrófico, elevado %GC, baixa ingestão de micronutrientes cálcio, ferro e ácido fólico. A medida das dobras cutâneas e da BIA apresentaram boa correlação na avaliação da %GC. A adesão ao tratamento através de uma assistência de pré-natal multidisciplinar às gestantes adolescentes pode ser a chave para a redução de desfechos neonatais negativos associados a nutriçãoAbstract: Objective: Evaluate the nutritional status in early pregnancy and the association between anemia and perinatal outcomes in pregnant adolescents. Methods: This master dissertation addresses results of two different research projects. Project 1: A cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data, habits, comorbidities, serum hemoglobin, treatment for anemia, pregnancy complications, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes were collected. The sample was divided in three groups: pregnant adolescents without anemia, with treated anemia and with untreated anemia. Frequencies, means, standard deviations and Chi square test were calculated. Project 2: A prospective cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, reproduction, dietetics and anthropometric data were collected from primiparous adolescents, before the 20th week of pregnancy, by standardized questionnaire, 24 hours recall, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF) by subcutaneous adiposity (SA) and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). For continues variables Qui-square test and Fisher test were used and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation test for dietetics variables analyses according to anthropometric variable. Results: In the first study were included 458 pregnant adolescents, with prevalence anemia of 41.27%. Mild, moderate or severe anemia was presented in 65.60%, 33.86% and 0.52%, respectively. The mean age was 16 years, 81.03% primiparous. Among pregnant adolescents with anemia, 87.24% received treatment with iron supplementation. The three groups show similar demographic social characteristics, obstetric and habits. Hypertensive syndromes (5.75%), urinary tract infection (4.2%) and diabetics (2.88%), were the most frequency maternal comorbidity, with no difference among the groups. Positive HIV was more prevalent in adolescents with non-treated anemia (p=0.018). Preterm labor (p=0.003), gestational birth age at <37 weeks (p=0.036) and stillbirth (p=0.004) shown association with non-treated anemia. The caesarean rate was 36.90%, and its main indications and mean weight of newborn were similar between groups. In the second study were included 87 adolescents with an average age of 15(±1.4) years. The pre-gestational BMI mean was of 22.9Kg/m² (±4.2), while other values were 13.8% low weight, 59.8% eutrophic, 18.4% overweight and 8% obese. At the first prenatal visit the values were 22.9(±4.2), 4.6% low weight, 63.2% eutrophic, 20.7% over eight and 11.5% obese. The mean weight variation was 1.7Kg (±4,4). The mean of %BF by SA and BIA were 31.9% (±4.4) and 28.7% (±4.6), respectively, with strong correlation in both methods (r=0.77372). The average energy consumption was 116.8% (±67.2) of the average daily recommendation (1805.5Kcal/dia; ±67.2). Carbohydrate was suitable in 24.1% of adolescents, lipid 34.5% and protein 72.4%. Calcium was inappropriately consumed in 94.3%, zinc in 62.1% and iron and folic acid, both in 98.9% of adolescents. Protein and zinc consumption had negative correlation with the %BF, by both methods (r=-0.3096 e r=-0.2363). Conclusion: High prevalence of anemia, which if left untreated increase the prevalence of preterm birth and stillbirth. The pregnant adolescents presented a eutrophic BMI, with high %BF, low consumption of calcium, iron and folic acid. The measure SA and BIA showed good correlation in the evaluation of %BF. Adherence to treatment by a multidisciplinary prenatal care for pregnant adolescents may be the key to reducing adverse neonatal outcomes associated with foodMestradoSaúde Materna e PerinatalMestra em Ciências da SaúdeCAPE

Anemia In Pregnant Adolescents: Impact Of Treatment On Perinatal Outcomes

This study sought to evaluate the anemia prevalence and effect of anemia treatment in pregnant adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional study. Data from perinatal outcomes, serum hemoglobin level and iron supplementation were collected. Samples were divided into three groups: pregnant adolescents without anemia, with treated anemia and with untreated anemia. Frequencies, means, standard deviations and Chi-squared values were calculated. The significance level was 5%, and the software used was Epi-info 7.Results: The study included 458 pregnant adolescents. The mean age was 16 years old, and the prevalence of anemia was 41.27% (189). Mild, moderate or severe anemia were presented in 65.60%, 33.86% and 0.52%, respectively, of study participants. Among pregnant adolescents with anemia, 87.24% received treatment with iron supplementation. Preterm labor (p=0.003), gestational age at birth <37 weeks (p=0.036) and stillbirth (p=0.004) showed an association with nontreated anemia. Positive HIV was more prevalent in adolescents with nontreated anemia (p=0.018). The cesarean rate was 36.90%, with no difference between groups.Conclusion: Anemia is a public health problem among pregnant adolescents, and iron supplementation reduces negative neonatal outcomes. Treatment adherence by a multidisciplinary and qualified prenatal care team can be key in reducing adverse neonatal outcomes associated with pregnancy during adolescence.30101158116

Dietary intake profile in high-risk pregnant women according to the degree of food processing

Studies that address dietary intake theme during pregnancy are generally centered on specific nutrients or on dietary patterns. However, the maternal dietary profile according to the degree of food processing is poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to describe the dietary profile of high-risk pregnant women according to the degree of food processing. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Prof. Dr. Jose Aristodemo Pinotti Women’s Hospital (CAISM), University of Campinas, Brazil, with high-risk pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation. Data from 125 high-risk pregnant women were collected between September 2017 and April 2019. The mean total energy intake (EI) was 1778.3 ± 495.79 kcal/day and the majority of the calories was from unprocessed foods (52.42%), followed by ultra-processed foods (25.46%). The consumption of free sugar and sodium exceeded recommendations, while the consumption of fiber, calcium, folate and iron was below recommendations. The ultra-processed foods intake affects dietary patterns negatively. More than 50% of the EI of high-risk pregnant women is from unprocessed or minimally processed foods, but it is insufficient for meeting dairy fiber, iron, folate and calcium recommendations20201

Colocando conhecimento em prática: o desafio de adquirir hábitos saudáveis durante a gravidez

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge concerning gestational weight gain (GWG), nutrition, and physical exercise (PE) in pregnant women, and how to put them into practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 61 pregnant women above 26 weeks of gestation, at the Woman's Hospital, CAISM, University of Campinas. Questionnaires regarding the knowledge of healthy habits (HH) during pregnancy, sociodemographic data, and previous obstetric outcomes were applied. An educational guide with advice on HH during pregnancy and in the postpartum period was offered. Results: The average age of women was 28.7 +/- 6.23 years, with 85% of them being married; 32% nulliparous; the average body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was 25.4 +/- 9.8 kg/m(2), and the mean number of years of schooling was 11.2 +/- 3.8. Only 61% of the subjects had received any previous information about GWG during their antenatal care and were aware as to how many pounds they should gain during pregnancy. Among the 61 women, 85% understood that they did not need to "eat for 2" and 99% knew that PE had benefits for their body and was safe for their baby. Half of the women practiced PE prior to pregnancy; however, only 31% continued the practice of PE during the pregnancy. Conclusion: Despite understanding the need for HH during pregnancy, women still need encouragement to practice PE during pregnancy, as well as more information about GWG.418469475Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os conhecimentos sobre ganho de peso gestacional (GPG), nutrição, e exercício físico (EF) em gestantes e o quanto elas os colocam em prática. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado no Hospital da Mulher, CAISM, Unicamp, com 61 gestantes acima das 26 semanas gestacionais. Questionários sobre conhecimento de hábitos saudáveis (HS) durante a gestação, dados sociodemográficos, e antecedentes obstétricos foram aplicados. Um guia educacional com conselhos sobre HS durante a gravidez e período pós-parto foi oferecido. Resultados: A idade média das mulheres foi de 28,7 ± 6,23 anos, sendo 85% casadas, 32% nulíparas, o índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio antes da gestação foi de 25,4 ± 9,8 kg/m2, e a média de anos de escolaridade foi de 11,2 ± 3,8. Apenas 61% das mulheres entrevistadas haviam recebido informações prévias sobre o GPG durante o pré-natal e sabiam quantos quilos deveriam ganhar durante a gravidez. Entre as mulheres, 85% sabiam que não precisavam “comer por dois,” e 99% sabiam que o EF tinha benefícios para seu corpo e era seguro para seu bebê. Metade das mulheres praticava EF antes da gravidez, mas apenas 31% continuaram praticando durante a gravidez. Conclusão: Apesar de compreender a necessidade de HS durante a gravidez, as mulheres ainda precisam de incentivo para praticar EF durante a gravidez, bem como mais informações sobre o GPG

How to classify BMI among pregnant adolescents? a prospective cohort

Pregnancy in adolescence is a global health issue, especially in developing countries. Additionally, the recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) is usually based on pre-pregnancy BMI and that might be complex for pregnant teens. The study objective was to compare three different methods of BMI classification and suggest the best way of determining pre-pregnancy BMI and monitoring GWG among pregnant adolescents. Pre-pregnancy weight, weight at first prenatal visit, height, sociodemographic, reproductive and perinatal data were collected. Weighted kappa and McNemar statistics were used to assess agreement between the classification methods. Prof. Dr Jose Aristodemo Pinotti Women's Hospital, University of Campinas, Brazil. Primiparas younger than 19 years of age and with less than 20 weeks of gestational age (n 150). BMI of the primiparas was determined according to the WHO recommendation for adult women, the Child Growth Standards (CGS) and their gynaecological age (GA). The WHO and GA measurements presented a strong agreement with each other (kappa(w)=0 center dot 99; 95 % CI 0 center dot 97, 1 center dot 00), but did not agree with the CGS classification (kappa(w)=0 center dot 62; 95 % CI 0 center dot 50, 0 center dot 74 by WHO; kappa(w)=0 center dot 62; 95 % CI 0 center dot 51, 0 center dot 74 by GA). Also, inadequate GWG was observed in 72 center dot 2 % of cases and was correlated with a higher rate of caesarean birth. BMI classification according to the CGS differed from WHO and GA. However, CGS and WHO agreed on perinatal outcomes. We recommend using BMI classification by WHO to assess pregnant adolescents, since it is easily applied and better known among health professionals22226527