Cheese: Food Perception and Food Choice

In light of the increasing interest in the economic and socio-political impact of the ‘traditional food’ trend, it is essential to understand the determinant factors that lead to traditional consumer choices. The standardization of sensory quality evaluation methods marks the pressing need for food product certification, particularly foods with specific sensory characteristics, such as those with a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Consumer perception of particular foods, especially for foods that are culturally and socially contingent, such as cheese, must be understood as both a psychophysical reflex and a learned social practice. Consumers create their own perceptions based on the overall intrinsic or extrinsic cheese characteristics, mainly sensory characteristics that reflect others' attributes. These characteristics are normally linked to the specific cheese manufacture process. Some patents propose the use of adapted cheesemaking equipment (EP1982582A2), suitable for the manufacture of small-scale cheeses, such as some PDO cheese. Thus, sensory evaluation of any kind of cheese is based, in the initial phase, on knowledge of the sensory methods for cheese evaluation and, in a second phase, on the familiarity of the cheese characteristics and verbalization of desirable and undesirable attributes. This paper presents a case study based on the traditional food product, Évora cheese, assembled with PDO cheeses, whose sensory and physicochemical quality attributes are essential in order to obtain this designation and ensure the genuine properties that characterize them, as well as ascertaining exactly how they are perceived and further accepted by the consumer

Morphology of Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. (Metzgeriales, Hepaticopsida)

Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to elucidate the morphology of Metzgeria conjutata Lindb. and confirm the presence of 2 rows of epidermal cells on the dorsal surface, (21-3) rows on the ventral surface, midrib with cells in (3-51-6) tiers; hirsute, short hairs, straight on the thallus-margin and on the ventral surface of midrib; marginal hairs paired, single or in groups of three; male branches globose or subglobose; female involucres obovate and hirsute at the margin, calyptra fleshy, pyriform to club-shaped, hirsute on the outer surface, hairs long and straight

Rethinking the Informal and Criminal Economy from a Global Commodity Chain Perspective:China-Paraguay-Brazil

The criminalization of Chinese counterfeit goods in the global market calls for a fresh approach to understanding well‐established binary distinctions such as legal/illegal, licit/illicit, and formal/informal. Based on a multi‐sited ethnography in China, Paraguay and Brazil, I examine five commodity chains of two products – toys and watches – and their regulatory frameworks in terms of merchandise status, business formality, and international transaction legality. Certain merchandise produced in the formal economy has no legal definition a priori, but legal variability starts when goods leave the factory. A great interchangeability of a product's legal status existed along its chain according to governance structures, legal cultures, geographical domains, and power relations. These findings suggest that the illicit is a relational category and the so‐called criminal economy is not a segmented market, but part of a global process integrated with formality and marked by great legal variability within and between nations

Augusto dos Anjos : poetry, pain and heightened awareness of being

This article attempts at an intertextual reading of Brazilian poet Augusto dos Anjos together with selected texts of twentieth-century existential philosophy. The theme of pain as an ontological ground of individual manifestation and its conformity with the vital praxis described in existential phenomenology corroborates the possibilities of intertextuality among the works of Jean-Paul Sartre and dos Anjos. The notion of the misery of human condition face to face with the other brings both writers together under the concept of nothingness as the self-reflexivity of consciousness.este artigo propõe uma leitura intertextual entre a obra do poeta brasileiro Augusto dos Anjos e alguns textos selecionados da filosofia existencialista do século XX. O tema da dor como instância ontológica de manifestação do indivíduo e sua repercussão na praxis vital decorrente da perspectiva fenomenológica-existencialista aproxima o poeta brasileiro da obra de Jean-Paul Sartre. A noção do absurdo em Dos Anjos consubstancia a ideia da miséria da condição humano frente ao outro e corrobora com a percepção sartreana do nada como auto-reflexividade da consciência

AUGUSTO DOS ANJOS: POETRY, PAIN AND A HEIGHTENED AWARENESS OF BEING

Este artigo propõe uma leitura intertextual entre a obra do poeta brasileiro Augusto dos Anjos e alguns textos selecionados da filosofia existencialista do século XX. O tema da dor como instância ontológica de manifestação do indivíduo e sua repercussão na praxis vital decorrente da perspectiva fenomenológica-existencialista aproxima o poeta brasileiro da obra de Jean-Paul Sartre. A noção do absurdo em Dos Anjos consubstancia a ideia da miséria da condição humano frente ao outro e corrobora com a percepção sartreana do nada como auto-reflexividade da consciência

Hagiwara Sakutarô, Buddhist realism, and the establishment of japanese modern poetry

This article approaches the works of poet Hagiwara Sakutarô (1886-1942) from a comparative perspective that engages philosophy and literature. The philosophical dimension of Sakutarô’s poetry is analyzed by means of inter-textual readings that draw on the tradition of Buddhist epistemology and on the texts of logicians Dignāga and Dharmakīrti (5th century). The comparative analysis is considered under the perspective of the influence of Naturalism and the use of description in the emergence of Japanese modern poetry. Pointing to the possibility of a Buddhist realism that shares some common characteristics with Naturalism, the article emphasizes the Buddhist dimension of Sakutarô’s poetry, which appears in spite of the poet’s turn to Western philosophy (notably to Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Kant), as well as to his overt rejection of Buddhism as a necessary step to the modernization of the Japanese letters.Este artigo aborda a obra do poeta Hagiwara Sakutarô (1886-1942) a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa que engaja filosofia e literatura. A dimensão filosófica da poesia de Sakutarô é analisada por meio de uma leitura intertextual entre a obra do poeta japonês e a epistemologia budista presente nos textos em sânscrito dos filósofos Dignāga and Dharmakīrti (século V). Essa análise comparativa é efetuada sob a perspectiva da influência do naturalismo europeu no surgimento da poesia japonesa moderna. Demonstrando a possibilidade de um realismo budista que compartilha importantes características estéticas com o naturalismo, o artigo enfatiza a dimensão budista da poesia de Sakutarô, a qual se desvela apesar da rejeição ao budismo operada pelo próprio poeta como passo necessário para o estabelecimento da modernidade nas letras japonesas