Feeding plans with the use of glycerin for broilers

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plans with or without addition of glycerin, in different ages, on performance, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions of broiler chickens. 540 male Cobb broilers were utilized, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (treatments consisted of the inclusion or not of glycerin in diets at all periods or only at different stages: 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 33 and 34 to 42 days), in six replicates of 15 birds each. Diets were provided ad libitum. At 42 days, the average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions were evaluated. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of dietary plans on the performance variables. The feeding plans did not influence (p>0,05) the carcass and cuts parameters at 42 days. However, there was significant effect (p <0.05) of the dietary plans on litter moisture and plantar lesions. Effects were observed (p>0,001) for the feeding plans, were the highest and the lowest incidence of lesions were present in the birds that consume diets with and without addition of glycerin, in the period from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plans with or without addition of glycerin, in different ages, on performance, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions of broiler chickens. 540 male Cobb broilers were utilized, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (treatments consisted of the inclusion or not of glycerin in diets at all periods or only at different stages: 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 33 and 34 to 42 days), in six replicates of 15 birds each. Diets were provided ad libitum. At 42 days, the average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions were evaluated. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of dietary plans on the performance variables. The feeding plans did not influence (p>0,05) the carcass and cuts parameters at 42 days. However, there was significant effect (p <0.05) of the dietary plans on litter moisture and plantar lesions. Effects were observed (p>0,001) for the feeding plans, were the highest and the lowest incidence of lesions were present in the birds that consume diets with and without addition of glycerin, in the period from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively

Productive features of broiler chickens in hot weather: effects of strain and sex

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of broiler strains (Cobb 500, Ross 308, and Hubbard Flex) in hot weather. Environmental temperatures above thermal comfort trigger responses of the animals to maintain homeothermia, which negatively affects productive performance. A total of 2,160 chicks of both sexes, were distributed in an experimental design that was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 3 × 2 (strains and sexes) with six replicates of 60 birds each. Feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion (FC) were analyzed at periods of 1–7, 1–21, 1–28, 1–42, and 1–49 days old. At 42 and 49 days old, the carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), breast yield (BY), thigh yield (TY), and drumstick yield (DY) were analyzed. The strains differed in LW and WG in most periods, especially for Cobb broilers in the pre-start period (1–7 days) and Hubbard broilers in the last two periods (1–42 and 1–49 days). Except for the pre-initial stage, which there was no influence of the strains on FC, the Hubbard broilers showed the best FC, at 1–49 d, similarly to Cobb broilers. Regardless of strain, the males showed superior performance to that of females. At 42 d, the Cobb broilers showed a superior BY to that of the other strains, presenting better TY than did the Ross and Hubbard strains. At 49 d, the Cobb and Ross strains showed the best BY, with the Hubbard strain having the greatest DY. Males showed higher values in cut yields, except in the BY in which females showed better results

Levedura de cana-de-açucar (Saccharomyles cerevisiae) na alimentação de frangos de corte

Na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco foram conduzidos dois experimentos, o primeiro objetivou avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho zootécnico, da morfologia intestinal e da qualidade da cama de frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo levedura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) seca pelo método “spray-dry”, como agente prebiótico. Utilizou-se 350 pintainhos de corte, machos, da linhagem cobb 500, distribuídos em 25 parcelas (cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições), com 14 animais por parcela, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade criados em cama reutilizada, com cinco tratamentos: ração sem levedura e sem antimicrobiano promotor de crescimento (APC), ração sem levedura e com 0,04% de APC (à base de bacitracina de zinco), ração com 0,5% de levedura e sem APC, ração com 1,0% de levedura e sem APC e ração com 1,5% de levedura e sem APC. As variáveis de avaliadas foram:consumo de ração, peso corporal, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, altura dos vilos, profundidade da cama, produção de amônia e pH da cama. Os parâmetros da morfologia intestinal foram avaliados aos sete dias de idade e os de qualidade da cama aos 21 e 42 dias. Não foi observado nenhum efeito dos tratamentos sobre os parâmetros de desempenho zootécnico nos períodos de um a sete dias, de um a 21 dias e de um a 35 dias. No período de um a 42 dias de idade, apenas o peso corporal e o ganho de peso foram maiores nas aves que consumiram ração com1,5% de levedura e sem APC, diferindo da ração sem levedura e sem APC. A altura da vilosidade no duodeno e jejuno não foi influenciada. A profundidade de cripta foi maior nas aves que não receberam APC e levedura e menor para aquelas aves que consumiram APC e levedura e só levedura. A qualidade da cama não apresentou dados que possam representar melhoras no conforto dos animais. Por sua vez, o segundo trabalho experimental teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo diferentes níveis de inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) seca por rolagem. Foram utilizados 350 pintainhos machos, da linhagem cobb 500, distribuídos em 25 parcelas, com 14 animais por parcela, no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade criados em cama reutilizada. Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos: 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% de inclusão de levedura de cana-de-açúcar com cinco repetições, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram analisadas variáveis zootécnicas de consumo de ração, pesocorporal, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar para os períodos de um a sete dias, de um a 21 dias, de um a 35 dias e de um a 42 dias de idade. Aos 42 dias de idade, duas aves de cada parcela foram sacrificadas para avaliação da carcaça, sobre as variáveis de peso da carcaça e peso dos cortes: peito, coxa e sobrecoxa, asa e dorso. A inclusão de levedura não é recomendada nas rações de frangos de corte na fase pré-inicial, de um a sete dias, pois impactou negativamente no desempenho dos pintainhos, com comportamento linear decrescente para as variáveis peso corporal e ganho de peso, bem como, comportamento linear crescente para conversão alimentar. No período de um a 21 dias e de um a 35 dias, a ração com 20% de levedura apresentou resultados inferiores ao da ração sem levedura enquanto que as outras não diferiram. O nível de 20% de inclusão da levedura não afetou o desempenho zootécnico e da carcaça de frangos de corte quando foi considerado o período total de criação, de um a 42 dias de idade. A levedura não afetou o rendimento de carcaça dos frangos de corte abatidos aos 42 dias de idade.Two experiments were conducted in Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, the first aimed to evaluate the following parameters: animal performance, intestinal morphology and litter quality of broilers fed diets containing sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dried by "spray-dry" method as prebiotic agent. 350 Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were used, divided into 25 plots (five treatments and five replicates) with 14 birds per plot in a randomized design, from 1 to 42 days old, reared on reused litter, with five treatments: diet without yeast and without antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP), diet without yeast and with 0.04% of AGP (based on zinc bacitracin), diet containing 0.5% yeast and without AGP, diet containing 1.0% yeast without AGP and diet with 1.5% yeast and without AGP. The variables evaluated were: feed intake, body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, villous height, litter depth, ammonia production and poultry litter pH. The intestinal morphology parameters were evaluated at 7 days old and the litter quality parameters were evaluated at 21 and 42 days old. There were no treatment effects observed on animal performance over the periods from 01 to 07 days, from 01 to 21 days and from 01 to 35 days. There were no treatment effects observed on parameters of growth performance in periods of one to seven days, from one to 21 days and up to 35 days. In the period of one to 42 days old, only body weight and weight gain were higher in birds fed diet with 1.5% yeast and without AGP, differing from the diet without yeast and without APC. The height of the villi in theduodenum and jejunum was not affected. The crypt depth was higher in birds that did not receive AGP and yeast and lower for those birds that consumed AGP and yeast and only yeast. The litter quality did not provide data that may represent improvements in the comfort of the animals. On the other hand, the second experimental study had the aim to evaluate the animal performance and carcass yield of broilers fed with diets containing different levels of inclusion of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by dry rolling. 350 Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were used, divided into 25 plots, with 14 birds per plot, from 1 to 42 days old reared on reused litter. Five treatments were used with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of sugar cane yeast inclusion with five replications in an entirely randomized design. Variables analyzed were: feed intake, body weight, weight gain and feed conversion for the periods from one to seven days, from one to 21 days, from one to 35 days and from one to 42 days old. At 42 days ofxv age, two birds per pen were sacrificed for carcass evaluation on the variables of carcass weight and weight of the cuts: breast, thighs and drumsticks, wings and back. The addition of yeast is not recommended in the diets of broiler chickens in the newly hatched, one to seven days of age, because it had a negative impact on the performance of chicks, showing a decreasing linear behavior for body weight and weight gain variables, as well as an increased linear behavior for feed conversion. Over the period from one to 21 days and from one to 35 days, the diet with 20% yeast showed inferior results than those of diet without yeast while the others did not differ. The level of 20% of yeast inclusion did not affect the animal performance and carcass performance of broiler chickens when the entire rearing period (from one to 42 days old) was considered. The yeast did not affect carcass yield of broilers slaughtered at 42 days old.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

Evaluation nutrition of byproduct of corn for free-range broiler chickens

O experimento teve como objetivo estudar a composição química e o aproveitamento metabólico do gérmen integral de milho (GIM), do farelo de glúten 21% (FG-21) e do glúten 60% (G-60). Inicialmente três amostras de cada alimento foram analisadas quanto aos teores de MS, PB, MM, EE, EB, FB. Em seguida foram realizados três ensaios de digestibilidade nas fases inicial, crescimento e terminação do frango caipira, para determina os coeficientes de metabolização aparente da matéria seca (CMAMS) e da energia bruta (CMAEB), a energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e aparente corrigida para nitrogênio (EMAn) e a energia metabolizável verdadeira (EMV) e verdadeira corrigida para nitrogênio (EMVn). O GIM apresentou alto teor de EE (46.24%), enquanto que o FG-21 altos teores de FB (10,55%) e o G-60 teores de PB acima de 65,97%. Os CMAMS e CMAEB foram maiores para o G-60 (56,82 e 63,73%), seguido do GIM (45,36 e 41,00%) e posteriormente do FG-21 (27.94 e 30,43%). Os valores médios de EMAn foram: 2.701, 1.069 e 3.195 kcal/kg para o GIM, o FG-21 e o G-60, respectivamente, sendo os maiores valores com o avançar da idade, exceto para o G-60.The objective of this work was to determine the chemical composition and the metabolic yield of the integral germ of corn (IGC), bran of glúten 21% (BG-21) and bran of glúten 60% (BG-60). Three samples of each waste was analyzes: dry matter, crude protein, ash, fat, crude energy, crud fiber concentration. After, three assays of metabolization was carried through, which had represented the phases: initial, growth and termination of the free-range chicken, for determines the coefficients of apparent metabolization of the dry matter (CAMDM) and of the crude energy (CAMCE), the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), true metabolizable energy (TME) and true corrected for nitrogen (TMEn). The IGC obtained high concentration the fat (46.24%), whereas the high bG-21 CF values (10.55%) and the G-60 values of CP above of 65.97%. CAMDM andCAMCB was highest for the BG-60 (56.82 and 63.73%), after of the IGC (45.36 and 41.00%) and of the BG-21 (27.94 and 30.43%). The mesas values of AMEn were: 2,701; 1,069 and 3,195 kcal/kg for the IGC, the BG-21 and the BG-60, respectively. The crescent linear effect the age for energy metbolizable values in the IGC and BG-21.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESConselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

EFEITO DA IDADE SOBRE AS PERDAS ENDÓGENAS E METABÓLICAS DE FRANGOS DE CORTE INDUSTRIAL E CAIPIRA

The objective of this study was to determine the endogenous and metabolic losses in broiler chickens and free range on different age rates. On the experiment 1, 140 broiler chickens distributed in an entirely randomized design with four treatments and five replications have been used. On the second experiment, 120 birds of mixed sex from the Embrapa 041 free range line distributed in tree treatments and five replications distributed in a same design. On both experiments the treatments consisted in the average ages of the birds. To the first experiment the ages were: 5; 15; 25 and 35 days of age and the second experiment the average ages adopted were 15, 45 and 75 days of age. The experimental period was of 72 hours of fasting, being the first 24 hours for digestive tract cleaning and the last 48 hours for total collection of the endogenous and metabolic losses. The contents of dry matter, nitrogen and brute energy from birds` endogenous and metabolic losses have been determined. When relating losses per bird and bird weight, different interpretations were obtained for the same variable. The equations obtained to broiler chicken and free range reveled that those birds had different behaviors during metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary. The losses diminished according to age advance

Feeding plans with the use of glycerin for broilers

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding plans with or without addition of glycerin, in different ages, on performance, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions of broiler chickens. 540 male Cobb broilers were utilized, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (treatments consisted of the inclusion or not of glycerin in diets at all periods or only at different stages: 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 33 and 34 to 42 days), in six replicates of 15 birds each. Diets were provided ad libitum. At 42 days, the average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, litter moisture and footpad lesions were evaluated. There was no effect (p> 0.05) of dietary plans on the performance variables. The feeding plans did not influence (p>0,05) the carcass and cuts parameters at 42 days. However, there was significant effect (p 0,001) for the feeding plans, were the highest and the lowest incidence of lesions were present in the birds that consume diets with and without addition of glycerin, in the period from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively

VALOR NUTRICIONAL DA FARINHA DA CABEÇA DO CAMARÃO MARINHO Litopenaeus Vannamei PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE

In aim to evaluate the nutritional value of shrimp meal its proximate chemical analyzed and a metabolism trial were done. The analyses performed on shrimp meal were dry mater (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca), and phosphorous (P). In the digestibility trial sixty broilers with fourteen days old were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design composed by three treatments, four replicates and five broilers per experimental unit. Treatments were a reference standard diet and two trial diets with 30 or 40% of substitution on the reference standard diet. Shrimp meal analyses resulted in 91.81 % DM, 16.31 % ASH, 66.01 % CP, 17.31 % EE, 9.38 % CF, 4726.51 kcal/kg GE, 4.70 % calcium and 1.44 % phosphorus in dry matter. Digestibility coefficient of DM from diets and shrimp meal does not differ but values for EE digestibility differed. In the levels of 30 and 40 % inclusion the mean calculated values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) for shrimp meal were 3,690 and 3,800, for AME nitrogen corrected (AMEn) the values were 3,478 and 3,554 kcal/kg, respectively

Avaliação nutricional do farelo de algodão de alta energia no desempenho produtivo e características de carcaças de frangos de corte Nutritional evaluation of cottonseed meal in high energy performance and carcass characteristics of broilers

O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a composição química e energética do farelo de algodão produzido pela BUNGE Alimentos S/A, marca registrada como Farelo de algodão de alta energia (FAAE®) e avaliar a inclusão deste no desempenho de frangos de corte. Determinou-se a composição química, aminoacídica e energética (utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas, com duas coletas ao dia). Foi utilizado óxido férrico para marcar o início e o final da coleta. O nível de inclusão do alimento de teste na ração referência foi de 20%. O desempenho foi avaliado com a inclusão do farelo de algodão no período de nove a 42 dias. Durante os primeiros nove dias, os pintinhos receberam ração pré-inicial comum a todas as aves. A partir do nono dia, as aves foram submetidas à dieta experimental com níveis de 3, 6, 9 e 12% de inclusão do farelo de algodão. O farelo de algodão apresentou 95,91% de matéria seca, 9,8% de gordura, 27% de proteína bruta, 4,6% de cinza, 4.867kcal kg-1 de energia bruta, 1,32% de lisina e 0,35% de metionina. O valor de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para nitrogênio determinado foi 1.188 kcal kg-1. Não se observou efeito no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaça dos frangos aos 42 dias de idade.The objective of the research was to determine the chemical and energetic composition of cottonseed meal produced by BUNGE Foods Company, trademark as high energy cottonseed meal (FAAE ®) and to evaluate its inclusion in the performance of broilers. The chemical, energetic and aminoacidic composition was determined using the total excretion gathering method, with two gathers a day. It was used ferric oxide to mark the beginning and the end of the gathering. The level of inclusion of the food testing in the reference diet was 20%. The performance was evaluated with the inclusion of cottonseed meal in a period of 9 to 42 days. During the first nine days the poultries received pre-initial feed that were common to all birds. From the ninth day, the birds received an experimental diet with substitution levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% inclusion of cottonseed meal . The cottonseed meal presented 95.91% of dry matter, 9.8% of fat, 27% of crude protein, 4.6% of ash, 4.867 kcal kg-1 of crude energy, 1.32% of lysine and 0.35% of metionine. The determined value of apparent metabolizable energy corrected to nitrogen was 1.188 kcal kg-1. It was not observed effect in the performance and carcass return of the poultry at 42 days of age

Cottonseed Oil in Diets for Broilers in the Pre-Starter and Starter Phases.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude cottonseed oil in isoenergetic diets, with or without supplementation of ferrous sulfate, on performance variables, relative weight of organs, and blood parameters of broilers, and on the economic viability of diets in the periods from 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 600 male birds of the Ross line were distributed in a completely randomized design in a (4×2) factorial arrangement with eight treatments (0, 2, 4, and 6% cottonseed oil with and without ferrous sulfate), and five replicates. The following variables were studied: feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, weight of organs, blood parameters, and yield of carcass and cuts at 21 days. No effects of the levels of cottonseed oil were found on the performance of animals aged 1 to 7 days, or on the relative weights of the organs. In this same period, the weight gain, and the relative weights of heart, liver, and intestine of the animals that received ferrous sulfate were decreased, and feed conversion was worsened. In the period from 1 to 21 days, weight gain increased linearly with the increase in the levels of cottonseed oil. Blood parameters were not influenced by the diets. Crude cottonseed oil can be utilized in diets for broilers in the periods from 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days of age at up to 6% of inclusion, and supplementation with ferrous sulfate is unnecessary if the differences in metabolization of the cottonseed oil are considered, with and without, it during the diet formulation process

Weight of organs and length of the intestine of broilers fed diets containing different levels of cottonseed oil (CO) with and without addition of ferrous sulfate (FS), at 7 days of age.

<p>Weight of organs and length of the intestine of broilers fed diets containing different levels of cottonseed oil (CO) with and without addition of ferrous sulfate (FS), at 7 days of age.</p