Yvonne Oddon (1902-1982), la bibliothécaire du Far West

Le nom d’Yvonne Oddon n’évoque plus grand chose aujourd’hui. Elle fut pourtant l’auteur du fameux « Bach et Oddon », manuel de bibliothéconomie qui instruisit des milliers de bibliothécaires et fut réédité à plusieurs reprises de 1931 à 1964. Fondatrice de la bibliothèque du Musée de l’Homme, militante d’avant-garde pour la lecture publique et membre très actif du célèbre réseau de résistance du Musée de l’Homme, cet être d’exception méritait un hommage que lui a rendu la médiathèque départementale Diois- Vercors, à Die, sa région d’origine, le 11 juillet dernier

Exploring the Relationships Between Altered Body Perception, Limb Position Sense, and Limb Movement Sense in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

© 2018 The Authors Chronic pain is often accompanied by patient-reported distorted body perception and an altered kinesthesia (referring to the senses of limb position and limb movement), but the association between these deficits is unknown. The objectives of this study were to assess body perception and the senses of limb position and limb movement in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and to test whether these variables are related to each other and to pain intensity. Thirteen patients with upper limb CRPS (mean pain intensity, 4.2 ± 2.4 out of 10) and 13 controls were recruited. Body perception was self-reported with a questionnaire, and the senses of limb position (task 1) and of limb movement (task 2) were assessed with a robotic system combined with a 2D virtual reality display. The results showed altered kinesthesia in the patients with CRPS compared with controls (all

Virtual reality-induced sensorimotor conflict evokes limb-specific sensory disturbances in complex regional pain syndrome

Sensory disturbances are frequently observed in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). They are characterized by changes in the perception of limb weight and temperature, a distorted mental image of the affected limb, feeling the limb as a foreign body part, etc. However, the origin of such disturbances remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that such disturbances are due to attentional effects and/or sensorimotor integration deficits. If sensory disturbances are explained by sensorimotor integration deficits rather than by attentional factors (as hypervigilance toward pain and pain-related sensations), they would be expected to be specific in terms of the type of sensation evoked and in terms of localization.Objectives: The first objective was to test whether sensory disturbances evoked by a unilateral sensorimotor conflict are specific to the painful limb and differ according to the type of sensory disturbances in individuals with a unilateral CRPS compared to healthy controls (HC). The second objective was to assess the association between clinical characteristics and sensory disturbances evoked by a unilateral sensorimotor conflict. The third objective was to assess motor disturbances induced by a unilateral sensorimotor conflict.Methods: Ten adults with upper limb (UL) CRPS and 23 HC were recruited. Sensorimotor conflict was elicited with a KINARM robotized exoskeleton interfaced with a 2D virtual environment allowing the projection of a virtual UL that was moving in either a congruent or incongruent manner relative to the actual UL movement. Participants were required to rate the sensory disturbances evoked from 0 (no change) to 3 (high change) on a questionnaire (8 items). According to a previous study, items were categorized in two Types (Type 1: pain, discomfort, the feeling of losing a limb, change in weight and temperature; Type 2: feelings of peculiarity, the impression of gaining a limb and losing control). Motor disturbances were quantified as mediolateral drift and changes in amplitude of UL movement. Recorded clinical characteristics included the intensity and duration of pain, proprioception deficits, and body perception disturbances.Results and conclusion: CRPS participants report higher Type 1 than Type 2 disturbances for the Affected limb (while the reverse was observed for HC and for the Unaffected limb). In addition, no difference was observed between the Unaffected limb in CRPS and the Dominant limb in HC for Type 2 disturbances, while higher conflict sensitivity was observed for Type 1 disturbances. Conflict sensitivity was related to higher pain (but not to other clinical characteristics) only for Type 1 disturbances in the Affected limb. Finally, no difference in motor disturbances was observed between CRPS and HC. While this does not completely rule out the attentional hypothesis, these results are in line with the hypothesis that sensory disturbances in CRPS are due to deficits in sensorimotor integration

Strategies to reduce waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services for adults with physical disabilities : a systematic literature review

Objective: Identifying effective strategies to reduce waiting times is a crucial issue in many areas of health services. Long waiting times for rehabilitation services have been associated with numerous adverse effects in people with disabilities. The main objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to assess the effectiveness of service redesign strategies to reduce waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services for adults with physical disabilities. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching three databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE) from their inception until May 2021. We identified studies with comparative data evaluating the effect of rehabilitation services redesign strategies on reducing waiting times. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Nineteen articles including various settings and populations met the selection criteria. They covered physiotherapy (n = 11), occupational therapy (n = 2), prosthetics (n = 1), exercise physiology (n = 1) and multidisciplinary (n = 4) services. The methodological quality varied (n = 10 high quality, n = 6 medium, n = 3 low); common flaws being missing information on the pre-redesign setting and characteristics of the populations. Seven articles assessed access processes or referral management strategies (e.g. self-referral), four focused on extending/modifying the roles of service providers (e.g. to triage) and eight changed the model of care delivery (e.g. mode of intervention). The different redesign strategies had positive effects on waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services. Conclusions: This review highlights the positive effects of many service redesign strategies. These findings suggest that there are several effective strategies to choose from to reduce waiting times and help better respond to the needs of persons experiencing physical disabilities

Immunity Traits in Pigs: Substantial Genetic Variation and Limited Covariation

BACKGROUND: Increasing robustness via improvement of resistance to pathogens is a major selection objective in livestock breeding. As resistance traits are difficult or impossible to measure directly, potential indirect criteria are measures of immune traits (ITs). Our underlying hypothesis is that levels of ITs with no focus on specific pathogens define an individual's immunocompetence and thus predict response to pathogens in general. Since variation in ITs depends on genetic, environmental and probably epigenetic factors, our aim was to estimate the relative importance of genetics. In this report, we present a large genetic survey of innate and adaptive ITs in pig families bred in the same environment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Fifty four ITs were studied on 443 Large White pigs vaccinated against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and analyzed by combining a principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic parameter estimation. ITs include specific and non specific antibodies, seric inflammatory proteins, cell subsets by hemogram and flow cytometry, ex vivo production of cytokines (IFNα, TNFα, IL6, IL8, IL12, IFNγ, IL2, IL4, IL10), phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation. While six ITs had heritabilities that were weak or not significantly different from zero, 18 and 30 ITs had moderate (0.1<h2≤0.4) or high (h2>0.4) heritability values, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between ITs were weak except for a few traits that mostly include cell subsets. PCA revealed no cluster of innate or adaptive ITs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that variation in many innate and adaptive ITs is genetically controlled in swine, as already reported for a smaller number of traits by other laboratories. A limited redundancy of the traits was also observed confirming the high degree of complementarity between innate and adaptive ITs. Our data provide a genetic framework for choosing ITs to be included as selection criteria in multitrait selection programmes that aim to improve both production and health traits

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects