Faith in Black Power

In 1969, nineteen-year-old Robert Hunt was found dead in the Cairo, Illinois, police station. The white authorities ruled the death a suicide, but many members of the African American community believed that Hunt had been murdered—a sentiment that sparked rebellions and protests across the city. Cairo suddenly emerged as an important battleground for black survival in America and became a focus for many civil rights groups, including the NAACP. The United Front, a black power organization founded and led by Reverend Charles Koen, also mobilized—thanks in large part to the support of local Christian congregations. In this vital reassessment of the impact of religion on the black power movement, Kerry Pimblott presents a nuanced discussion of the ways in which black churches supported and shaped the United Front. She deftly challenges conventional narratives of the de-Christianization of the movement, revealing that Cairoites embraced both old-time religion and revolutionary thought. Not only did the faithful fund the mass direct-action strategies of the United Front, but activists also engaged the literature on black theology, invited theologians to speak at their rallies, and sent potential leaders to train at seminaries. Pimblott also investigates the impact of female leaders on the organization and their influence on young activists, offering new perspectives on the hypermasculine image of black power. Based on extensive primary research, this groundbreaking book contributes to and complicates the history of the black freedom struggle in America. It not only adds a new element to the study of African American religion but also illuminates the relationship between black churches and black politics during this tumultuous era.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_cr/1006/thumbnail.jp

Soul power: the Black church and the Black Power Movement in Cairo, Illinois, 1969-74

While scholarship on the modern Civil Rights Movement has emphasized the centrality of the Black church, popular and scholarly accounts of Black Power portray a movement marked by a profound de-Christianization. Soul Power upends this prevailing narrative, arguing that the Black church played a sustained and pivotal role in the Black Power Movement at its central flashpoint, Cairo, Illinois, a city identified by contemporaries as the site of the nation’s “longest protracted struggle” for racial justice. This dissertation explores how activists working within Cairo’s leading Black Power organization, the United Front, reworked the religious discourses and institutions that had anchored earlier civil rights struggles and provided access to the Black church’s tremendous organizational resources. Seizing upon emergent trends in Black Theology, the United Front developed a distinctive spiritual philosophy that legitimized the organization’s political program and unified movement participants. In turn, prominent Black clergy assisted the United Front in leveraging much needed resources from mainline denominations and ecumenical organizations operating at the state and national level. As support for traditional civil rights organizations waned and faith in the War on Poverty dwindled, this dissertation shows that churches became a significant, albeit overlooked, source of coalitional support for the Black Power Movement. However, as conservative political agendas established their dominance in the early 1970s, this heavy reliance upon church revenues, particularly that of predominantly white denominations, left Black Power organizations acutely vulnerable to state repression and shifting sentiments within the church itself

The Impact of Gamma Radiation on Sediment Microbial Processes

Microbial communities have the potential to control the biogeochemical fate of some radionuclides in contaminated land scenarios or in the vicinity of a geological repository for radioactive waste. However, there have been few studies of ionizing radiation effects on microbial communities in sediment systems. Here, acetate and lactate amended sediment microcosms irradiated with gamma radiation at 0.5 or 30 Gy h(−1) for 8 weeks all displayed NO(3)(−) and Fe(III) reduction, although the rate of Fe(III) reduction was decreased in 30-Gy h(−1) treatments. These systems were dominated by fermentation processes. Pyrosequencing indicated that the 30-Gy h(−1) treatment resulted in a community dominated by two Clostridial species. In systems containing no added electron donor, irradiation at either dose rate did not restrict NO(3)(−), Fe(III), or SO(4)(2−) reduction. Rather, Fe(III) reduction was stimulated in the 0.5-Gy h(−1)-treated systems. In irradiated systems, there was a relative increase in the proportion of bacteria capable of Fe(III) reduction, with Geothrix fermentans and Geobacter sp. identified in the 0.5-Gy h(−1) and 30-Gy h(−1) treatments, respectively. These results indicate that biogeochemical processes will likely not be restricted by dose rates in such environments, and electron accepting processes may even be stimulated by radiation

Hydrogen atom formation in the gamma and heavy ion radiolysis of aqueous systems

Experimental measurements in conjunction with stochastic simulations are used to determine hydrogen atom yields in the gamma and heavy ions radiolysis of aqueous solutions of formate and deuterated formate ions. In radiolysis, the hydrogen atom is produced directly by the fragmentation of water excited states, and during the diffusion-kinetic evolution of the radiation track by the intra-track reaction of eaq⁻ with Haq⁺ up to the microsecond timescale. The yield of H• is relatively small, but it is fundamentally very important. An accurate examination of the H atom yields after radiolysis will make possible a better understanding of the initial steps of the radiolytic decomposition of water. The competition between H atom combination reactions and its formation by reaction of eaq⁻ with Haq⁺ makes predictions of the H atom kinetics very difficult. Hydrogen atom yields were determined by difference measurements of H2 yields and directmeasurements of HD yields when using deuterated formate as H• scavenger. While the total H₂ yield measured is always greater for alpha than for gamma radiolysis, the H atom yield is observed to be smaller. The addition of selected scavengers of the hydrated electron and its precursors reveals a stronger correlation of the H atom formation on the precursor to the hydrated electron rather than the hydrated electron itself. Scavengable H• yields strongly decrease as the concentration of the electron scavenger increases. Stochastic track chemistry calculations were used to analyze the measured experimental yields and to elucidate the underlying kinetics.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceThe Nuclear Decommissioning AuthorityThe Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of EnergyGBUnited Kingdo

Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectra of phenol⋯Ar2: ionization energy and cation intermolecular vibrational frequencies

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.The phenol+⋯Ar2 complex has been characterized in a supersonic jet by mass analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopyvia different intermediate intermolecular vibrational states of the first electronically excited state (S1). From the spectra recorded via the S100 origin and the S1βx intermolecular vibrational state, the ionization energy (IE) has been determined as 68 288 ± 5 cm−1, displaying a red shift of 340 cm−1 from the IE of the phenol+ monomer. Well-resolved, nearly harmonic vibrational progressions with a fundamental frequency of 10 cm−1 have been observed in the ion ground state (D0) and assigned to the symmetric van der Waals (vdW) bending mode, βx, along the x axis containing the C–O bond. MATI spectra recorded via the S1 state involving other higher-lying intermolecular vibrational states (σ1s, β3x, σ1sβ1x, σ1sβ2x) are characterized by unresolved broad structures

Gas Production from the Radiolysis of Water Adsorbed on ZnO Nanoparticles

The presence of a metal oxide surface can significantly alter the product yield distribution during the radiolysis of water with some metal oxides such as ZrO2 or CeO2, increasing the yield of H2 during the irradiation of water adsorbed on the oxide as compared to liquid water, while other oxides such as PuO2 decrease H2 yields. In this study, the γ-ray radiolysis of the ZnO/H2O system was investigated. Surprisingly, both O2 and H2 were produced in similar quantities. The production of O2 is unexpected as no, or negligible, amounts of O2 have been observed for the radiolysis of water adsorbed on other oxides. Molecular oxygen production is observed during the radiolysis of both wet and dry ZnO, indicating that the source of at least some of the O2 is the bulk oxide. The production of H2 due to the radiolysis of water adsorbed on ZnO is an order of magnitude greater than for pure water. This increase is likely due to an energy-transfer process from the oxide to the adsorbed water molecules. However, the radiolysis of aqueous suspensions of ZnO resulted in lower radiolytic H2 yields than for pure water

Excitation-energy dependence of the mechanism for two-photon ionization of liquid H2O and D2O from 8.3to12.4eV

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/125/4/10.1063/1.2217738.Transient absorption measurements monitor the geminate recombination kinetics of solvated electrons following two-photonionization of liquid water at several excitation energies in the range from 8.3to12.4eV. Modeling the kinetics of the electron reveals its average ejection length from the hydronium ion and hydroxyl radical counterparts and thus provides insight into the ionization mechanism. The electron ejection length increases monotonically from roughly 0.9nm at 8.3eV to nearly 4nm at 12.4eV, with the increase taking place most rapidly above 9.5eV. We connect our results with recent advances in the understanding of the electronic structure of liquid water and discuss the nature of the ionization mechanism as a function of excitation energy. The isotope dependence of the electron ejection length provides additional information about the ionization mechanism. The electron ejection length has a similar energy dependence for two-photonionization of liquid D(2)O, but is consistently shorter than in H(2)O by about 0.3nm across the wide range of excitation energies studied

Whose campus, whose security? Students’ views on and experiences of security services and police on university campuses

In recent years, high-profile incidents and student activism have raised questions about how securitisation on university campuses is experienced by students, yet there is a stark absence of academic research on the topic. Whose campus, whose security? draws on three datasets: a national survey of 635 students, regional interviews with 30 students and data obtained through Freedom of Information requests. The study provides the first empirical account of students’ views on, and experiences of, security services and police on UK university campuses. In doing so, it deliberately centres student views and experiences to provide an evidence base for higher education institutions as they operationalise their commitments to the equality, diversity and inclusion agenda