Group Norms and Consumer Behaviour

The impact of group norms on forming consumer behaviour is an important attribute of man’s social life. The market segmentation principles acknowledge the presence of this phenomenon. People belong to different age group, professional status, income levels, educational status etc. are seemed to display some specific consumer behaviour that can be attributed to a particular group. The present study attempts to find the influence of certain selected group norms on consumption pattern.Group norms, peer influence, consumer behaviour, culture and consumption, social norms

Rumours and social stigma as barriers to the prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) : what solutions to consider?

Globally, multiple factors have elevated the risk and contributed to the fast spread of COVID-19. Alongside this, unsolicited rumours and social stigma are believed to be two possible barriers to the effective prevention of the disease. Despite measures taken, rumours and social stigma related to COVID-19 tend to increase globally. Several studies document that rumours and social stigma may fuel the risk and rapid spread of COVID-19. However, how these rumours and social stigma act as barriers to the prevention of the COVID-19 outbreak remain unclear. This article aims to discuss how rumours and social stigma can undermine the preventive and clinical efforts to fight against the spread of COVID-19 and suggest potential policy implications for addressing rumours and social stigma and optimising preventive efforts. A narrative review of secondary sources of data, including published studies, grey literature and authentic press reports was conducted. The analysis indicates that unverified rumours associated with COVID-19 may weaken people’s preparedness for a new infectious disease by driving them to wrong treatment and preventing them from adhering to evidence-based medical suggestions and treatment. Findings also suggest that social stigma may reduce healthcare workers’ agency and self-respect to provide support, treatment and care for those with COVID-19. Social stigma may also constrain participation in screening, testing, quarantine, isolation, and treatment of the disease. This article offers six potential policy pathways and emphasises the national and international coordination of all stakeholders for addressing rumours and social stigma associated with COVID-19

Group Norms and Consumer Behaviour

The impact of group norms on forming consumer behaviour is an important attribute of man’s social life. The market segmentation principles acknowledge the presence of this phenomenon. People belong to different age group, professional status, income levels, educational status etc. are seemed to display some specific consumer behaviour that can be attributed to a particular group. The present study attempts to find the influence of certain selected group norms on consumption pattern

Group Norms and Consumer Behaviour

The impact of group norms on forming consumer behaviour is an important attribute of man’s social life. The market segmentation principles acknowledge the presence of this phenomenon. People belong to different age group, professional status, income levels, educational status etc. are seemed to display some specific consumer behaviour that can be attributed to a particular group. The present study attempts to find the influence of certain selected group norms on consumption pattern

Babesia gibsoni infection in a German Shepherd dog

[Vet. World 2011; 4(6.000): 269-270

COVID-19: Situation of European Countries so Far

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<b>Microwave assisted spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper using leucocrystal violet</b>

A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the trace determination of copper using leucocrystal violet as chromogenic reagent. The proposed method is based on the reaction of copper(II) with potassium iodide in acid medium to liberate iodine, which oxidizes leucocrystal violet to crystal violet dye having absorption maximum at 590 nm. The reaction between copper and potassium iodide is accelerated by irradiating the mixture with microwave energy for 15 s at 480 W. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 0.004 – 0.04 &mu;g mL^-1. The molar absorptivity, Sandell’s sensitivity, detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 1.47 x 10⁶ L mol^-1 cm^-1, 4.3 x 10^-5 &mu;g mL^-2, 0.001 &mu;g mL^-1, 0.0043 &mu;g mL^-1, respectively. The optimum conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The effect of interfering ions on the determination is described. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of copper in environmental samples like tap water, agricultural run off water, plant materials and pharmaceutical samples

A simple and sensitive method for determination of carbon disulphide in environmental and biological samples

306-309An analytical method using potassium dichromate and diphenylcarbazide for determination of carbon disulphide has been proposed. In this method carbon disulphide reduces the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the unreduced Cr(VI) forms a pink-purple complex with diphenylcarbazide in acidic medium, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1 µg mL⁻¹. Molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 5.5 × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 0.00013 µg cm⁻² respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The effect of interfering ions on the determination of CS₂ was studied. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of CS₂ in grain samples, fungicides (ziram, thiram) and various environmental and biological samples

Sitagliptin 100 mg vs glimepiride 1–3 mg as an add-on to insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes (SWIM)

Objective: To compare the effect of sitagliptin (100 mg) vs glimepiride (1–3 mg) as add-on therapy in Indian type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients on treatment with insulin and metformin (SWIM study). Research design and methods: This 24-week, controlled, open-label study randomized T2DM patients (n = 440) receiving a stable dose of metformin and insulin combination therapy to sitagliptin (100 mg) or glimepiride (1–3 mg) as add-on therapy. Baseline HbA1c was ≥7.3% and ≤8.5%. After a 6-week titration period for glimepiride (dose titrated every 2 weeks by 1 mg up to a maximum of 3 mg daily), patients were continued for 18 weeks on their respective tolerable doses of glimepiride (ranging from 1 mg to 3 mg) or sitagliptin (100 mg) along with metformin and insulin. Results: Greater reductions in HbA1c and TDD of insulin were achieved with sitagliptin compared to glimepiride. HbA1c targets and reductions in TDD were achieved by more patients on sitagliptin than on glimepiride. Reductions in both body weight and BMI were also noted among patients on sitagliptin when compared to those on glimepiride, and more hypoglycemic events occurred with glimepiride treatment than with sitagliptin. Conclusions: Sitagliptin (100 mg), when compared to glimepiride (1–3 mg), bestowed beneficial effects to T2DM patients in terms of achieving greater glycemic control and also brought significant reductions in total daily dose of insulin required, bodyweight, BMI and hypoglycemic events. Overall, the results suggest that sitagliptin (100 mg) is a superior agent over glimepiride (1–3 mg) as an add-on to insulin–metformin therapy among Asian Indians with T2DM

<span style="font-size: 21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Beneficial effects of garlic <i>(Allium sativum </i><span style="font-size:21.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Linn<b>) </b><span style="font-size:21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">on rats fed with diets containing cholesterol and either of the oil seeds, coconuts or groundnuts </span></span></span>

660-667<span style="font-size: 15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Feeding of 2% cholesterol diet increased lipid parameters in serum and tissues of rats during a period of one month. In addition to the above, lipid peroxidation also increased and activities of certain enzymes were significantly altered in the tissues. Similar changes were also observed to a greater extent with diets containing 40% by weight of coconut kernel or groundnut with and without 2% cholesterol. The enzymes studied were HMGCoA reductase, AST, ALT and ALP in tissues and serum as the case may be. In general the atherogenic effects were observed more with groundnut containing diets than those with coconut. Even though the oil from the former is mostly unsaturated and that from the latter is mostly saturated, these analytical criteria do not relate to their atherogenic effects. When 5% garlic was incorporated with any of the high fat diets, the lipid parameters, their peroxidation and alterations in enzyme activities were significantly decreased. These results show that garlic contains some principles that counteract the atherogenicity of the above oil seeds. </span