Mäntymetsiköiden taloudellisesti kannattavin käsittely, hiilinielujen lisäys ja ilmastomuutokseen sopeutuminen

Non peer reviewe

Crop production, water pollution, or climate change mitigation—Which drives socially optimal fertilization management most?

We introduce a multistep modeling approach for studying optimal management of fertilizer inputs in a situation where soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics and water and atmosphere externalities are considered. The three steps in the modeling process are: (1) generation of the data sets with a detailed simulation model; (2) estimation of the system models from the data; (3) application of the obtained dynamic economic optimization model considering inorganic and organic fertilizer inputs. We demonstrate the approach with a case study: barley production in southern Finland on coarse and clay soils. Our results show that there is a synergy between climate change mitigation and water protection goals, and a trade-off between pollution mitigation and crop production goals. If a field is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and an insignificant source of water pollution, atmospheric externalities dominate the water externalities, even for a relatively low social cost of carbon (SCC). If a field is a significant source of water pollution, the SCC would have to be very high before atmospheric externalities dominate water externalities. In addition, an integrated nutrient management system appears better than a system in which only inorganic or organic fertilizer is used, although manure is not a solution to agriculture's GHG emissions problem. Moreover, GHG emissions and nitrogen and carbon leaching mitigation efforts should first be targeted at coarse soils rather than clay soils, because the marginal abatement costs are considerably lower for coarse soils.Peer reviewe

Preventing biodiversity loss with ecological restoration

Restoration of watersheds, wetlands, and forests is a way to compensate for the human-caused damage on biodiversity. Halting biodiversity loss is essential for safeguarding ecosystems and human well-being. A key to successful restoration is targeting large enough landscape units. For example, planning at a catchment level can ensure that a forest drainage conducted upstream does not threaten the condition of the waterbodies downstream

Den gröna omställningen gör energi- och materialflödena i ekonomin hållbara

Finlands ekonomi kan byggas på en grön omställning och ett rättvist välfärdssamhälle. Det här kräver åtgärder som stoppar klimatförändringen och förlusten av naturens mångfald samt hindrar överkonsumtionen av naturresurser. Utgångspunkten för förändringen är strävan att stärka välfärden och rättvisan. Allt detta tillsammans ökar säkerheten i samhället

Vihreä siirtymä muuttaa talouden energia- ja materiaalivirrat kestäviksi

Suomen talous voidaan rakentaa vihreän siirtymän ja oikeudenmukaisen hyvinvointiyhteiskunnan varaan. Tämä vaatii toimia ilmastonmuutoksen ja luontokadon pysäyttämiseksi sekä luonnonvarojen ylikulutuksen hillitsemiseksi. Muutoksen lähtökohtana on hyvinvoinnin ja oikeudenmukaisuuden vahvistaminen. Kaikki nämä yhdessä lisäävät yhteiskunnan turvallisuutta

On the economics of boreal Scots pine management under climate change

Verkkoaineisto 38 s.This dissertation aims to develop the economics of even-aged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) management. In our economic-ecological model, a detailed process-based forest growth model is connected to an economic description of stand management. The process-based growth model is able to describe forest growth in management regimes and climate conditions previously not experienced, because it applies causal relationships and feedbacks instead of statistical correlations. Optimization is carried out with an effective general pattern search algorithm. The optimized variables include rotation length, initial stand density, and the timing, type, intensity, and number of thinnings. Essential model details include the quality pricing of timber and detailed harvesting cost functions. Integration of carbon subsidy systems into the model enables the determination of the economically optimal carbon storage with various carbon price levels. Finally, the growth model is extended to include a direct link between climate change and tree growth, to optimize stand management in a changing climate. The dissertation thesis is composed of a summary section and three articles, which produce a coherent and comprehensive picture on the optimal stand management of Scots pine in the relevant growth conditions of Fennoscandia. The results demonstrate the necessity to simultaneously optimize all stand management variables, and the advantages of having a detailed model. Optimal stand management is shown to be sensitive to growth conditions, interest rate, and management objective, along with the design of the carbon subsidy system and the subsidy level. The stand-level analysis is additionally extended to the national level, and adapting forest management was found to potentially be a cost-efficient method for carbon abatement in Finland. Furthermore, the optimal adaptation of stand management in a changing climate remarkably improves the economic surplus from forestry

Management affects wild berry yields in Norway spruce and Scots pine stands

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