Shorelines changes and human settlements dynamics in the Lagoon of Mistras- river Tirso coastal plane in the last 3 ky (Middle Bronze-High Middle Ages)

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Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Assessment of extreme wave flooding from geomorphologic evidence in Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles)

Along the rocky coasts of Bonaire boulders are arranged in clusters and/or ramparts; they represent the imprints of the impact of catastrophic waves induced by storms, hurricanes and tsunamis. The coast of Bonaire was surveyed in order to identify boulders that show unambiguous evidence of either a tsunami or a hurricane impact. In particular, the detailed surveys of two localities - Boka Washikemba and Spelonk Lighthouse - showed boulders broken into several pieces; this singularity is indicative of a unique depositional event. Moreover, detailed measures on the 15 largest boulders were taken in order to obtain their a-, b-, c-axes, their landward position from the coastline and altitude above mean sea level. These data were needed to evaluate the pre-transport setting and to estimate the paleo-wave energy responsible for their deposition. Applying the most recent equations derived by a morphological and hydrodynamic model, the minimum wave height - either induced by tsunami or storm - were able to detach and transport the boulders and these have been calculated. In case of storm waves, the minimum calculated height for transporting blocks was 13 - 28 m; this wave height is very improbable even in the case of the strongest hurricane. A tsunami whose minimum calculated wave height capable of moving the boulders ranges from 3 and 7 m would be more probable. With magnitudes of impacting waves an inundation model was developed; the minimum flooding of past tsunami is assessed to be around 100-140 m according to geomorphological evidence and the main coastal parameters influencing wave inundation (such as coastal slope, surface roughness and bathymetry)

Late Holocene tsunamogenic coseismic uplift in Kerkira Island, Greece

The presence of a coralligenic-like bioherm constituted by boulders up to 1.2 m in diameter cemented by bioconcretions of calcareous algae and Vermetids spp. has been recognized in the southernmost part of Kerkira Island. This biostructure is placed at up to w1.4 m above the present mean sea level. A few hundred meters north, well developed beach rocks are at about the same elevation. The morphological continuity of these landforms allows us to hypothesize that a recent coseismic uplift interested this area. AMS age determination has been performed on different Vermetids sampled in the upper part of the raised bioherm. Moreover, a complete review of the chronological data cited in the bibliography high- lights the difficulties in the use of some bioindicators as chronologically precise sea level indicators. The entire data set suggests a Late Holocene tectonic behaviour characterized by sequences of subsidence and coseismic uplift. In particular, the age of the raised bioherm suggests that a coseismic uplift occurred w3 ka BP due to an earthquake of regional interest capable of generating a strong tsunami that impacted the nearest coast of Lefkada Island and the Plaghia Peninsula

Polygenic (tsunami and storm) deposits? A case study in Ushant island, western France

International audienc

Il WebGis sugli tsunami: un utile strumento di consultazione

The need to cr eate an integrated maritime policy underline by the European Commission has been taken on board in Italy through the achievement of the Program RITMA RE, the Italian Researc h for the Sea. Concerning of this project, has been drafted a list of scientific references about tsunami events that occ urr ed in Italy. The articles have been collected through the consultation of digital libraries; arr anged by area of study and inserted into a geographic database. This geo-database has been used for GIS implementation, subsequently published on the web, via map serv er, on the site of the program Ritmare (www.ritmare.it)

Sea level changes and geoarchaeology between the bay of Capo Malfatano and Piscinnì Bay (SW Sardinia) in the last 4 kys

The bay of Malfatano Cape is the berthing home to one of the most important maritime structures from the Punic-Roman times in the Mediterranean. Two opposing monumental structures have been preserved between −7 and −2 m due to rising sea level. Recent studies have identified the paleo-sea level, relating the eustatic component to the glacio-hydroisostatic deformations. This paper, through stratigraphic, palaeontological, and geochronological data, aims to trace the bay of Capo Malfatano's evolution in relation to the sea level rise during the last 4 kys. Based on data derived from geophysical surveys, paleoshore lines have been redrawn and compared with data derived from coring in the inner part of the creek. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between changes in palaeogeography and human settlements from the Bronze Age. The breakwaters have been surveyed in detail using D-GPS techniques correlated to the geodesic 0 level. Through this data, the shape of the breakwaters has been reconsidered and, consequently, the palaeo sea level has been re-evaluated

Introducing solid foods to preterm infants: Preliminary results from Italian primary care pediatricians survey

Introduction: Current guidelines for introduction of complementary foods to term infants cannot be directly translated to preterm infants. Limited evidence are available regarding the optimal age and type of foods to be introduced and whether weaning methods influence later health and development of infants born preterm. Aim: The aim of the survey was to evaluate individual attitudes of primary care paediatricians concerning the introduction of complementary foods t in preterm newborns. Methods: On-line 34-item survey administration to paediatricians regarding: (1) timing of introduction of complementary foods to preterm newborns; (2) type and quality of complementary foods (3) vitamin D and iron supplementations. Results: 134 primary-care Italian paediatricians (M: 62; F: 72; mean age: 58 years old) from Apulia, Sicily, Basilicata answered. Introduction of complementary food was established on the basis of infant’s age (mean “correct age” for prematurity of 6.5 (DS = 0.69) months of life by 38.8% of responders and as a mean chronological age of 5.6 (DS = 0.41) months by the resting 22.3%). (50%), infant’s neurodevelopmental status (good head control) (14%), body weight (mean 5600 g) (7%), two or more of these criteria (36%). The mean correct age for gluten introduction is 5.8 (DS = 1.21) months, for added sugar 18.1 (DS = 8.4) months, for salt 16 (DS = 6.16) months, for olive oil 5.3 (DS = 0.9) months, for eggs 9 (DS = 1.61) months, for fish 7.6 (DS = 1.47) months, for meat 5.6 (DS = 1) months and for parmesan cheese 7 (DS = 1.12) months. 98% of participants promoted vitamin D supplementation and 89% of participants promoted iron supplementation in preterm with a great heterogeneity in timing and doses. Conclusions: Due to limited evidence available, there is a great heterogeneity in the attitudes of primary care paediatricians concerning the introduction of complementary foods to preterm newborns. Further researches are needed to provide evidencebased guidelines regarding weaning in infants