SUMMER ACTIVITY PATTERN AND HOME RANGE OF NORTHERN POCKET GOPHERS IN AN ALFALFA FIELD

AIlocation of time for feeding, resting and reproduction in subterranean animals is difficult to determine. Although pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) are among the most widely studied subterranean rodents, there are conflicting reports on activity measurement in these animals. Activity studies have included opening gopher burrows (Tryon 1947), laboratory studies of activity (Vaughan and Hansen 1961), telemetry studies (Anderson and McMahon 1981, Bandoli 1987, and Cameron et al. 1988), and subcutaneously implanted radioactive gold wires (Gettinger 1984). The diversity of techniques reflects the difficulty of generalizing results from different species of pocket gophers in natural and artificial environments. Patton and Brylski (1987) considered alfalfa fields to be food rich environments based on crop density and food availability; therefore, pocket gophers in an alfalfa field should exhibit decreased activity periods because of a reduced search time for food and smaIler home range size. Our objective was to measure daily activity patterns of pocket gophers in a food rich environment. We conducted our study from May 20, 200S through July 30, 200S in an irrigated alfalfa field on the Carnahan Ranches, approximately 9.S km north of the town of Elbert in Elbert County, Colorado. The project foIlowed ASM guidelines (Gannon et al. 2007) and was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs (Approval Number UCCS-04-001)

Effects of grassland alteration from mowing and fire on bird activity at a Colorado airfield

Grass management has been used for many years at airports in an attempt to reduce numbers of birds and other wildlife and the collisions with aircraft associated with them. We evaluated the impacts of grassland alteration by mowing and fi re on the abundance, diversity, and frequency of birds using 1 control and 2 experimental grass plots from 2009 to 2010 on a U.S. Army airfield in Colorado located in short-grass prairie. Density of breeding birds was highest in the mowed plot. Numbers of birds observed in 34 surveys conducted during the non-breeding season in the burned (x = 41) and mowed (x = 24) plots were greater than in an unmanaged control (x = 7) plot. Bird species diversity in the nonbreeding season was greatest in the control plot. Horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) was the most frequently observed bird species and occurred in high numbers on the burned and mowed plots, possibly because of its preference for short vegetation and bare ground. This species is recognized as hazardous to aircraft in part because of its habit of forming large flocks in the nonbreeding season. All 3 study plots were dominated by grasses and forbs, with minimal shrub and cactus cover. Litter cover was greatest on the control plot, while the burned plot had the greatest coverage of bare ground. Results from this study are limited because the small size of the airfield precluded placement of multiple treatment plots. Additional study in larger airfields with multiple treatment plots would be required before management recommendations regarding the use of fi re and mowing can be made for airfields in areas with short-grass prairie

Job evaluation (Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations. Bulletin series. v. 5, no. 3)

Bibliography: p. 42-43

SUMMER ACTIVITY PATTERN AND HOME RANGE OF NORTHERN POCKET GOPHERS IN AN ALFALFA FIELD

AIlocation of time for feeding, resting and reproduction in subterranean animals is difficult to determine. Although pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.) are among the most widely studied subterranean rodents, there are conflicting reports on activity measurement in these animals. Activity studies have included opening gopher burrows (Tryon 1947), laboratory studies of activity (Vaughan and Hansen 1961), telemetry studies (Anderson and McMahon 1981, Bandoli 1987, and Cameron et al. 1988), and subcutaneously implanted radioactive gold wires (Gettinger 1984). The diversity of techniques reflects the difficulty of generalizing results from different species of pocket gophers in natural and artificial environments. Patton and Brylski (1987) considered alfalfa fields to be food rich environments based on crop density and food availability; therefore, pocket gophers in an alfalfa field should exhibit decreased activity periods because of a reduced search time for food and smaIler home range size. Our objective was to measure daily activity patterns of pocket gophers in a food rich environment. We conducted our study from May 20, 200S through July 30, 200S in an irrigated alfalfa field on the Carnahan Ranches, approximately 9.S km north of the town of Elbert in Elbert County, Colorado. The project foIlowed ASM guidelines (Gannon et al. 2007) and was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs (Approval Number UCCS-04-001)

MULTIPLE BATS ENTANGLED ON CACTUS

Accidental deaths of bats by entanglement on plants and barbed wire are common (McNicholl 1988, Norquay et al. 2010). It has been hypothesized these incidents involve miscalculations by bats on how close they fly to plants or barbed wire or when chasing insects highly concentrated around vegetation (Norquay et al. 2010). Once the bats hit the plants or barbed wire, they become entangled and or impaled while struggling to free themselves. The earliest reports involved little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and unidentified bats entangled on burdock, Arctium sp. (Lyon 1925, Little 1925). Additional reports of bats becoming entangled in plants or on barbed wired have included the red bat, Lasiurus borealis (Johnson 1933), California leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus (Stager 1943) and a hoary bat. L. cinereus (Iwen 1958, Hibbard 1963, Long 1964). Other reports include the Indiana bat, M. sodalis (DeBlase and Cope 1967), big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus (Walley et al. 1969), little brown bat (Verts 1988), and the long-eared bat, M. evotis (Hendricks et al. 2003). Additionally, the California leaf-nosed bat has been documented being impaled on the needles of a potted cactus on a porch as it flew between the cactus and the wall of the house (Gronau 2006). Norquay et al. (2010) reported that two silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) were found alive on burdock, nursed back to health, and then released. Our report is the second reported death of bats resulting from entanglement on cactus and the first to report multiple bats entangled on one cactus over a two year period

Catalogue raisonné des tableaux de la Galerie Électorale de Dusseldorf

redigé d'après le catalogue raisonné et figuré de N. de Pigag

Metamorphism and deformation on the northeast margin of the Shuswap metamorphic complex, Azure Lake, British Columbia

Detailed structural and petrologic mapping near Azure Lake, British Columbia provides an overview of geologic relations along the northeast margin of the Shuswap Metamorphic Complex. Four phases of deformation have been recognized in the Shuswap Complex and the adjacent lower grade metasediments of the cover sequence. The first deformation consists of west-verging isoclinal folds plunging north and northwest. The second phase resulted in large upright folds with a shallow northwest or southeast plunge. The third and fourth phases are only locally developed as faults, fractures, and brittle folds trending north and northeast, respectively. Mineral assemblages range from garnet-biotite through first sillimanite zones of the Barrovian facies series. Metamorphic grade increases toward the southwest. Regional metamorphism is associated with the first phase of deformation. The Complex is separated from the adjacent cover sequence by a first phase tectonic slide. Structural and metamorphic discontinuities across this slide probably resulted from reactivation of the slide surface during the second phase of deformation. Microprobe analyses have been combined with linear regression techniques to outline probable sillimanite-forming reactions in pelites of the Complex. The regressions show that reaction textures are partly preserved because of the exhaustion of rutile as a reactant phase. Metamorphic conditions in the Complex are estimated from the mutual intersection of experimentally studied mineral equilibria. These conditions are: P=7600 ± 400 bars, T=705 ± 40°C, aH₂O =0.5 ⁺⁰•⁵­₀․₂ . Carbonate mineral assemblages initially buffered fluid phase compositions to high X CO₂ values near 0.75 during metamorphism. Therefore the fluid phase was not homogeneous in composition throughout all rock types during metamorphism. Whole rock Rb-Sr dates of 138 ± 12 Ma (all five samples) and 163 ± 7 Ma were obtained for granodiorite stocks in the Azure Lake area. Two biotite-whole rock ± hornblende dates of 119 ± 11 Ma and 77 ± 20 Ma indicate isotopic resetting. Initial Sr⁸⁷ -Sr⁸⁶ ratios vary from 0.7061 ± 0.0001 to 0.7103 ± 0.0002 for rock and mineral dates. These dated stocks cross-cut structural trends for the first two deformations and impose a hornfelsic contact aureole on regional metamorphic assemblages. Therefore regional metamorphism and deformation were completed by Late Jurassic time.Science, Faculty ofEarth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department ofGraduat

RAD-sequencing reads in .fastq format

This file contains RAD-sequencing reads in .fastq format. Raw reads were originally processed by Bejing Genomics Institute, and this file includes only clean reads. This file was used as the initial input to the STACKS pipeline. Note: samples 153148, 26601, and 26601 were dropped from the analysis due to low sequencing coverage (153148) and sample mix-up (26601 and 26606), but reads associated with these samples are present in this file