Evaluación de capturas de Homarus gammarus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae) y potencial en pesquerías mediterráneas artesanales

The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the exploitation pattern of the European lobster population in a fully representative small-scale fishery of the Mediterranean (Corsica, France) and to collect initial biological information on this species. Data were collected by scientific observers on board net fishing vessels for eight consecutive years from 2006 until 2013. Average annual catches were estimated at 6.7 t. Length frequencies indicated that exploitation focused on large individuals. Catch per unit of effort varied significantly as a function of month, fishing area and depth. Our approach to catch distribution revealed spatial heterogeneity with large catches in the south area. A fishery-independent survey was performed in 2013 and 2014 in west Cap Corse using 540 lobster traps; it showed an extremely low catch rate, confirming the low abundance for this area. This study provided new biological knowledge of a little-studied species in the Mediterranean.El objetivo de este estudio fue el de obtener una mejor comprensión del patrón de explotación y colectar datos iniciales de las poblaciones de bogavante europeo en una pesquera artesanal representativa del Mediterráneo (Córcega, Francia). Los datos fueron colectados por observadores científicos a bordo de embarcaciones de pesca durante 8 años consecutivos, de 2006 a 2013. Las capturas anuales fueron estimadas a 6,7 toneladas. La frecuencia de las tallas indica que la explotación se concentra en los individuos de gran tamaño. La CPUE varía de manera significativa en función del mes, la zona de pesca y la profundidad. La distribución de las capturas revela que hay una heterogeneidad espacial, con capturas de gran tamaño en la zona sur. Un monitoreo pesquero independiente fue llevado a cabo durante 2013 y 2014 en Cap Corse occidental empleando 540 trampas; éste mostró una tasa de captura extremadamente baja, lo que confirma la escasez de bogavante europeo en esta área. Este estudio aportó nuevos conocimientos a la biología de esta especie poco estudiada en el Mediterráneo

Targeting Neuronal Populations of the Striatum

The striatum is critically involved in motor and motivational functions. The dorsal striatum, caudate–putamen, is primarily implicated in motor control and the learning of habits and skills, whereas the ventral striatum, the nucleus accumbens, is essential for motivation and drug reinforcement. The GABA medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs, about 95% of striatal neurons), which are targets of the cerebral cortex and the midbrain dopaminergic neurons, form two pathways. The dopamine D1 receptor-positive (D1R) striatonigral MSNs project to the medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata (direct pathway) and co-express D1R and substance P, whereas dopamine D2 receptor-positive (D2R) striatopallidal MSNs project to the lateral globus pallidus (indirect pathway) and co-express D2R, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and enkephalin (Enk). The specific role of the two efferent pathways in motor and motivational control remained poorly understood until recently. Indeed, D1R striatonigral and D2R striatopallidal neurons, are intermingled and morphologically indistinguishable, and, hence, cannot be functionally dissociated with techniques such as chemical lesions or surgery. In view of the still debated respective functions of projection D2R striatopallidal and D1R striatonigral neurons and striatal interneurons, both in motor control and learning but also in more cognitive processes such as motivation, the present review sum up the development of new models and techniques (bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis, optogenetic, viral transgenesis) allowing the selective targeting of these striatal neuronal populations in adult animal brain to understand their specific roles

Construction of a questionnaire measuring outpatients' opinion of quality of hospital consultation departments

BACKGROUND: Few questionnaires on outpatients' satisfaction with hospital exist. All have been constructed without giving enough room for the patient's point of view in the validation procedure. The main objective was to develop, according to psychometric standards, a self-administered generic outpatient questionnaire exploring opinion on quality of hospital care. METHOD: First, a qualitative phase was conducted to generate items and identify domains using critical analysis incident technique and literature review. A list of easily comprehensible non-redundant items was defined using Delphi technique and a pilot study on outpatients. This phase involved outpatients, patient association representatives and experts. The second step was a quantitative validation phase comprised a multicenter study in 3 hospitals, 10 departments and 1007 outpatients. It was designed to select items, identify dimensions, measure reliability, internal and concurrent validity. Patients were randomized according to the place of questionnaire completion (hospital v. home) (participation rate = 65%). Third, a mail-back study on 2 departments and 248 outpatients was conducted to replicate the validation (participation rate = 57%). RESULTS: A 27-item questionnaire comprising 4 subscales (appointment making, reception facilities, waiting time and consultation with the doctor). The factorial structure was satisfactory (loading >0.50 on each subscale for all items, except one item). Interscale correlations ranged from 0.42 to 0.59, Cronbach α coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.94. All Item-scale correlations were higher than 0.40. Test-retest intraclass coefficients ranged from 0.69 to 0.85. A unidimensional 9-item version was produced by selection of one third of the items within each subscale with the strongest loading on the principal component and the best item-scale correlation corrected for overlap. Factors related to satisfaction level independent from departments were age, previous consultations in the department and satisfaction with life. Completion at hospital immediately after consultation led to an overestimation of satisfaction. No satisfaction score differences existed between spontaneous respondents and patients responding after reminder(s). CONCLUSION: Good estimation of patient opinion on hospital consultation performance was obtained with these questionnaires. When comparing performances between departments or the same department over time scores need to be adjusted on 3 variables that influence satisfaction independently from department. Completion of the questionnaire at home is preferable to completion in the consultation facility and reminders are not necessary to produce non-biased data

French academic physicians had a poor knowledge of terms used in clinical epidemiology

Objectives: To assess academic physicians' understanding and usage of basic epidemiological terms commonly used in medical journals. Study Design and Setting: Observational study. A total of 274 physicians, working in a teaching hospital in Paris, France were asked to answer a questionnaire including four vignettes presenting the results of a therapeutic, a diagnostic, a prognostic study and a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Results: A total of 130 (47%) questionnaires were returned. We observed the highest proportion of good answers for questions about absolute risk reduction (87.7%), sensitivity (84.6%), and specificity (80%); and the lowest for the calculation and use of the likelihood ratio (16.9% and 9.2%, respectively). The global mean score was 5.0/10 (95% confidence interval54.6e5.4, range 0e9.4). Physicians got higher scores for questions related to treatment than for questions related to diagnosis: mean scores 7.1 (6.6e7.6) vs. 4.2 (3.8e4.6). Regression analysis did not reveal any significant relationship between global performance and physicians' age (r250.002, not significant [NS]). Conclusion: Physicians demonstrated only moderate knowledge and usage of clinical epidemiology terms used in major medical journals. Their capacity to interpret quantitative data from medical scientific literature may be limited. [Authors]]]> Epidemiology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; Physicians oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_470C9DE8C422 2022-05-07T01:17:02Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_470C9DE8C422 A neuron-specific deletion of the microRNA-processing enzyme DICER induces severe but transient obesity in mice. info:doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116760 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116760 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/25629159 Mang, G.M. Pradervand, S. Du, N.H. Arpat, A.B. Preitner, F. Wigger, L. Gatfield, D. Franken, P. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2015 PLoS One, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. e0116760 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1932-6203 urn:issn:1932-6203 <![CDATA[MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. MiRNAs are implicated in various biological processes associated with obesity, including adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. We used a neuronal-specific inhibition of miRNA maturation in adult mice to study the consequences of miRNA loss on obesity development. Camk2a-CreERT2 (Cre+) and floxed Dicer (Dicerlox/lox) mice were crossed to generate tamoxifen-inducible conditional Dicer knockouts (cKO). Vehicle- and/or tamoxifen-injected Cre+;Dicerlox/lox and Cre+;Dicer+/+ served as controls. Four cohorts were used to a) measure body composition, b) follow food intake and body weight dynamics, c) evaluate basal metabolism and effects of food deprivation, and d) assess the brain transcriptome consequences of miRNA loss. cKO mice developed severe obesity and gained 18 g extra weight over the 5 weeks following tamoxifen injection, mainly due to increased fat mass. This phenotype was highly reproducible and observed in all 38 cKO mice recorded and in none of the controls, excluding possible effects of tamoxifen or the non-induced transgene. Development of obesity was concomitant with hyperphagia, increased food efficiency, and decreased activity. Surprisingly, after reaching maximum body weight, obese cKO mice spontaneously started losing weight as rapidly as it was gained. Weight loss was accompanied by lowered O2-consumption and respiratory-exchange ratio. Brain transcriptome analyses in obese mice identified several obesity-related pathways (e.g. leptin, somatostatin, and nemo-like kinase signaling), as well as genes involved in feeding and appetite (e.g. Pmch, Neurotensin) and in metabolism (e.g. Bmp4, Bmp7, Ptger1, Cox7a1). A gene cluster with anti-correlated expression in the cerebral cortex of post-obese compared to obese mice was enriched for synaptic plasticity pathways. While other studies have identified a role for miRNAs in obesity, we here present a unique model that allows for the study of processes involved in reversing obesity. Moreover, our study identified the cortex as a brain area important for body weight homeostasis

Quels sont les patients atteints d'un cancer du sein dont la décision de prise en charge thérapeutique bénéficie de l'utilisation d'un système d'aide à la décision ? Un exemple utilisant la fouille de données et OncoDoc2

Session 2 : Utilisateurs et usagesNational audienceOncoDoc2 est un système d'aide à la décision (SAD) s'appuyant sur des recommandations de pratique clinique (RPC) pour la prise en charge des cancers du sein. Il a été utilisé comme intervention dans un essai randomisé contrôlé dont l'objectif principal était d'évaluer son impact sur la conformité des décisions des réunions de concertation pluridisciplinaire aux RPC. Nous avons utilisé un algorithme de fouille de données pour découvrir les régularités des profils patients, ou " motifs émergents " (ME), associées à la conformité et à la non-conformité des décisions selon que le système OncoDoc2 était ou non utilisé, afin d'évaluer quels profils patients pouvaient bénéficier de l'utilisation du système. Les ME associés à la non conformité des décisions prises sans le système sont associées à la conformité quand le système est utilisé sauf dans certaines situations cliniques pour lesquelles la force de la recommandation est faible

Community pharmacy interventions for health promotion: effects on professional practice and health outcomes (Protocol)

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: Primary objective To assess the effectiveness of health promotion interventions in community pharmacy practice settings on pharmacy workers and pharmacy clients (including diagnosed patients) when compared to i) No treatment controls ii) Usual treatment controls iii) Other active intervention Secondary objectives To assess whether there are differences in effectiveness of health promotion interventions in community pharmacy practice settings on i) Pharmacy worker ii) Client (patient) with regard to: i) Ethnicity of patients ii) Country income level (World Bank Group 2009) iii) Extent of adverse health behaviour (defined according to national guidelines where available) iv) Type of pharmacy worker delivering the intervention (e.g. pharmacist versus pharmacist technician) v) Theoretical constructs/components and behaviour change techniques employed in the intervention vi) Costs of health car