Italian aquaculture context analysis and description for creation of diversified production enterprise

L’importanza dell’acquacoltura estensiva è riconosciuta dall’Unione Europea. Tra gli impianti d’allevamento siciliani vanno annoverati quelli nelle vasche d’ingresso dell'acqua delle saline di Trapani e Paceco, dove vengono allevate orate, spigole, cefali e anguille. La diversificazione attraverso la molluschicoltura, con particolare riguardo alle ostriche, Crassostrea gigas e Ostrea edulis, potrebbe offrire ottimi vantaggi, tale obiettivo potrebbe essere realizzato sfruttando il Fondo Europeo per gli Affari Marittimi e la Pesca 2014-2020 (FEAMP). La presente ricerca riguarda un progetto d’avvio d’impresa d’acquacoltura estensiva polifunzionale. Per realizzarlo è stato delineato un percorso: individuazione aree vocate alla produzione di pesce di salina nell’areale Trapanese, consultazione associazioni professionali di categoria, analisi della forma d’impresa idonea, produzione documentale di tipo amministrativo, valutazione della produzione presente, valutazione delle produzioni ipotizzabili in diversificazione e linee di finanziamento. Individuata l’area si è proceduto alla costituzione di una società cooperativa ed all’affitto. La caratterizzazione climatica è stata fatta valutando precipitazioni, temperature e maree. Una pesca di saggio su 4 ettari di superficie è stata effettuata nell’arco di 5 giorni, la specie più pescata è stata Sparus aurata, poi Dicentrarchus labrax e cefali, principalmente Liza aurata, Mugil cephalus e Chelon labrosus. Il quantitativo del prodotto era 200kg, con densità di pesca di 50kg/ha. I campionamenti hanno evidenziato soggetti di 0,560kg. Ipotizzando un prezzo di vendita di 12€/kg, è stimabile una produzione per ettaro di 600€ lorde. L’attività svolta, nell’arco di due anni, porta a concludere che per rendere vantaggioso questo tipo d’allevamento bisogna incrementare le produzioni mediante impesciamento e sembra opportuno diversificare attraverso la molluschicoltura. È necessario puntare ad una produzione di qualità, sviluppando eventuali attività d’ittiturismo. Riguardo la vendita del pesce, per poter effettuarla in piccoli quantitativi è sufficiente registrarsi ai sensi del Reg.CE 852/2004, comunque l’operatore del settore deve rispettare le buone pratiche igeniche.The importance of extensive aquaculture is recognized by the European Union. In Sicily one of the most traditional fish farming type is saltwork extensive aquaculture, mainly located close to Trapani and Paceco, where sea-breams, sea-basses, mullets, eels were reared. The diversification through the shellfish farming, with particular regard to oysters, Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis, could offer great advantages; this objective could be achieved by exploiting the European Maritime and Fish Fund 2014-2020 (EMFF). This research deals with a startup project of a multifunctional extensive aquaculture business. The first steps were: identifying suitable areas for the production of marine finfish in saltwork near Trapani, consulting professional associations, identifying the most suitable type of firm, administrative document production, assessment of fish production, evaluation of possible diversified production. After the identification of the area a cooperative society was set up and the area leased. The climatic characterization was done evaluating precipitations, temperature and tides. A test fishing on a surface of 4 hectares was carried out over a period of 5 days, the main species fished were Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, Mugil cephalus, Chelon labrosus and Liza aurata. The quantity of the product was 200kg, with 50kg/ha of fishing density. Sampling showed subjects of 0,560kg. Assuming a selling price of €12/kg, it can be considered a production of €600 per hectare. The work carried out over two years, leads to the conclusion that, to take advantage of this type of farming, it is advisable to increase the production by fingerlings seeding, and diversified the production through shellfish farming. The aims are quality production increase, development of fishing tourism activities. As regards the sale of fish, if in small quantities, it is enough the registration, according to Reg.EC 852/2004. In any case the business operator must comply with the rules good hygienic practices

Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 13

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Bryum, Cryphaea, Didymodon, and Grimmia; the fungal genera Bryostigma, Cercidospora, Conocybe, Cortinarius, Endococcus, Inocybe, Psathyrella, and Sphaerellothecium; the lichen genera Agonimia, Anisomeridium, Bilimbia, Diplotomma, Gyalecta, Huneckia, Lecidella, Lempholemma, Myriolecis, Nephroma, Pannaria, Pycnothelia, Pyrrhospora, Rinodina, Stereocaulon, Thalloidima, Trapelia, Usnea, Variospora, and Verrucaria

Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 7

In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algae genus Chara, the bryophyte genera Cephalozia, Conardia, Conocephalum, Didymodon, Sphagnum, Tetraplodon, and Tortula, the fungal genera Endophyllum, Gymnosporangium, Microbotryum, Phragmidium, and Pluteus, and the lichen genera Candelariella, Cladonia, Flavoplaca, Lichenothelia, Peltigera, Placolecis, Rinodina, Scytinium, and Solenopsora

Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 11

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Aneura, Aulacomnium, Dumortiera, Fossombronia, Hennediella, Hygrohypnella, Pohlia, Porella, Riccardia, Tortella, and Tortula, the fungal genera Cortinarius, Mycena, Naucoria, Trichoglossum, and Tubaria and the lichen genera Agonimia, Blastenia, Chaenotheca, Cladonia, Endocarpon, Gyalecta, Lecanographa, Parmeliella, Porpidia, Stenhammarella, and Thelidium

Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 14

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genus Chara, for the bryophyte genera Bryum, Grimmia, Cephaloziella, Hypnum, Nogopterium, Physcomitrium, Polytrichastrum, Rhynchostegiella, Saelania, and Schistostega, the fungal genera Cortinarius, Lentinellus, Omphalina, and Xerophorus, and the lichen genera Acarospora, Agonimia, Candelariella, Cladonia, Graphis, Gyalolechia, Hypogymnia, Lichinella, Megalaria, Nephroma, Ochrolechia, Opegrapha, Peltigera, Placidium, Ramalina, Rhizoplaca, Ropalospora, Strangospora, Toniniopsis, Usnea, and Zahlbrucknerell

Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus in the clam Ruditapes Philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) from Emilia Romagna and Sardinia, Italy

Marine vibrios, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae are responsible of the majority of food-borne human infections by consumption of bivalve shellfish. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the occurrence of these bacteria, and their potential pathogenicity, in the Manila clam R. philippinarum from Emilia Romagna (ER) and Sardinia (SR) regions, Italy. Isolation was performed on CHROMagar\u2122 vibrio with subculture on (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose) Agar and m-modified-cellobiose-polymyxin bcolistin (-CPC) Agar. Suspected strains were purified, biochemically characterized and genotyped by simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the specie-specific and pathogenic gene markers: V. parahaemolyticus (toxRP, tdh and trh); V. vulnificus (vvhA, hsp, vcgC, vcgE, CPS operon allele 1, CPS operon allele 2, 16s-rRNA operon allele A, 16s-rRNA operon allele B; V. cholerae (toxRC, hlya, tcpI, tcpA, ctxA, ctxB, stn/sto). Moreover a multiplex PCR was applied to the SR bivalve shellfish, for the simultaneous detection of the three targets directly on homogenate samples, targeting the species-specific gene for V. cholerae (toxRC), V. parahaemolyticus (toxRP) and V. vulnificus (vvhA). As a result of phenotyping and genotyping of isolates, bivalve shellfish from ER resulted positive for V. parahaemolyticus (27.8%) and V. vulnificus (10.1%), but negative for V. cholerae. Shellfish from SR resulted positive for V. parahaemolyticus (30.3%), V. vulnificus (6.1%) and V. cholerae (3%). No significant differences emerged between the two areas (P>0.05)

Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) from Emilia Romagna and Sardinia, Italy

Marine vibrios, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae are responsible of the majority of food-borne human infections by consumption of bivalve shellfish. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the occurrence of these bacteria, and their potential pathogenicity, in the Manila clam R. philippinarum from Emilia Romagna (ER) and Sardinia (SR) regions, Italy. Isolation was performed on CHROMagarTM vibrio with subculture on (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose) Agar and m-modified-cellobiose-polymyxin bcolistin (-CPC) Agar. Suspected strains were purified, biochemically characterized and genotyped by simplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the specie-specific and pathogenic gene markers: V. parahaemolyticus (toxRP, tdh and trh); V. vulnificus (vvhA, hsp, vcgC, vcgE, CPS operon allele 1, CPS operon allele 2, 16s-rRNA operon allele A, 16s-rRNA operon allele B; V. cholerae (toxRC, hlya, tcpI, tcpA, ctxA, ctxB, stn/sto). Moreover a multiplex PCR was applied to the SR bivalve shellfish, for the simultaneous detection of the three targets directly on homogenate samples, targeting the species-specific gene for V. cholerae (toxRC), V. parahaemolyticus (toxRP) and V. vulnificus (vvhA). As a result of phenotyping and genotyping of isolates, bivalve shellfish from ER resulted positive for V. parahaemolyticus (27.8%) and V. vulnificus (10.1%), but negative for V. cholerae. Shellfish from SR resulted positive for V. parahaemolyticus (30.3%), V. vulnificus (6.1%) and V. cholerae (3%). No significant differences emerged between the two areas (P>0.05)