Locus of Control, Schedule of Reinforcement, and the Attribution of Freedom in the Reinforcing Agent

Attributions of freedom and the probability of ingratiating to another were assessed in terms of the unpredictability of the reinforcement schedule used by the other and the locus of control of the observer using videotapes. Internal subjects viewing.a situation involving either 0%, 10%, 50%, 90% or 100% reinforcement saw more freedom when less reinforcement occurred. In contrast, external subjects saw more freedom in the unpredictable situations (10%, 50%, 90%) but saw little difference between the 0% and; 100% situations. The effect of variations in reinforcement strategy was investigated in a broader context, as well, using sixteen bi-polar trait adjectives. Several different trends were noted among the seven adjectives which showed statistical significance between reinforcement levels. These adjectives included: unpredictable , free , flexible , changeable , unsympathetic , inconsiderate , and ignorant . There were no significant effects for ingratiation, probably because of weaknesses in the assessment device

A Grounded Theory Study: Transition Experiences of First Year College Students with Pessimistic Explanatory Styles

Depression has increased as a presenting concern among college students seeking counseling services, reaching 41.23% in 2016 (Reetz, Bershad, LeViness, & Whitlock, 2016). A Pessimistic Explanatory Style has been found to be related to depression, poor academic success, and GPA (Chang & Sanna, 2007; Dweck, 2008; Ramirez, Maldonado, & Martos, 1992; Seligman, 2011; Stipek, 1988). Further, undergraduate enrollment has decreased nationally by six percent between 2010 and 2015 (NCES, 2018). These factors support the need to explore overlooked aspects that can support a student’s transition into college (Hutson & He, 2011). This grounded theory study explored the transition experiences of first year, full time, traditionally aged college students with a pessimistic explanatory style, supported by the theories of Learned Helplessness, Symbolic Interactionism, and Transition (Blumer, 1989; Schlossberg, 1981; Seligman, 1970). Three assertions compose the resulting theory as students with a pessimistic explanatory style: (a) filter their transition experiences through a keen awareness of a dynamic reality; (b) employ a comparative lens to prepare for and make sense of their transition to college; and (c) experience their transition through a two-phase process that begins with a focus on relationships and personal development, then shifts toward academic and diversity engagement. A fourth unanticipated assertion identified that students with a pessimistic explanatory style showed a positive change in attributional style. Recommendations include increased support to students through holistic mentoring, implementation of broad mental health models, and consideration for the dynamic reality perceived by students and the impact that has on current student perceptions

Universal Connection through Art: Role of Mirror Neurons in Art Production and Reception.

Art is defined as expression or application of human creative skill and imagination producing works to be appreciated primarily for their aesthetic value or emotional power. This definition encompasses two very important elements—the creation and reception of art—and by doing so it establishes a link, a dialogue between the artist and spectator. From the evolutionary biological perspective, activities need to have an immediate or remote effect on the population through improving survival, gene selection, and environmental adjustment, and this includes art. It may serve as a universal means of communication bypassing time, cultural, ethnic, and social differences. The neurological mechanisms of both art production and appreciation are researched by neuroscientists and discussed both in terms of healthy brain biology and complex neuronal networking perspectives. In this paper, we describe folk art and the issue of symbolic archetypes in psychoanalytic thought as well as offer neuronal mechanisms for art by emphasizing mirror/neurons and the role they play in it

2005 Precision Planted Performance Trials: Corn

T his publication reports the performance of entries in the 2005 South Dakota corn hybrid performance trials for both nonRoundup- Ready™ and Roundup-Ready™ hybrids. Information includes both the most recent 2-year and 1-year grain yields in bushels per acre (bu/a); and 1-year bushel weight, grain moisture at harvest, percent stand at harvest, and stalk lodge percentages. These performance trials are conducted by the South Dakota Crop Performance Testing ( CPT ) program at South Dakota State University

Piloting a Nationally Disseminated, Interactive Human Subjects Protection Program for Community Partners: Design, Content, and Evaluation

Funders, institutions, and research organizations are increasingly recognizing the need for human subjects protections training programs for those engaged in academic research. Current programs tend to be online and directed toward an audience of academic researchers. Research teams now include many nonacademic members, such as community partners, who are less likely to respond to either the method or the content of current online trainings. A team at the CTSA‐supported Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research at the University of Michigan developed a pilot human subjects protection training program for community partners that is both locally implemented and adaptable to local contexts, yet nationally consistent and deliverable from a central administrative source. Here, the developers and the analysts of this program discuss its development, its content, and the results of its evaluation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106876/1/cts12154.pd

HyPer - a Green Monopropellant for Small Satellite Propulsion

The theory, experimentation, and implementation of a green monopropellant propulsion system for small satellites is described, including the environmental testing and integration of the system onto a CubeSat slated to launch in early 2022. HyPer, named after its propellant hydrogen peroxide, was specifically designed with the smaller size, lower power availability, and challenging launch conditions of CubeSats in mind. Instead of using a traditional monopropellant management system –pressurized reactive liquid forced to a catalyst bed – HyPer uses the vacuum of space to boil the stored liquid hydrogen peroxide, delivering a highly-tunable flow of reactive vapor to the catalyst. This lower flow rate enables HyPer to target the millinewton range of thrust without many of the hydrodynamic complications (e.g., droplet and bubble formation, and thermocapillary flows) that prevent full decomposition in low-thrust liquid systems. This thrust range allows for a wide variety of mission-enabling maneuvers for low mass systems, including (1) constellation management, (2) formation flying, (3) rendezvous, (4) extended mission durations, and (5) orbit reconfiguration. Due to the reaction at the catalyst bed, HyPer still retains the performance associated with a monopropellant system, which allows for a smaller total propulsion package. The HyPer flight unit is exhaustively detailed from design decisions to performance metrics. There are several unique design elements due to the novelty of the concept. These include a propellant management device that controls the flow of vapor for propulsive activities and also allows for oxygen venting during long storage intervals, commercial-off-the-shelf components adapted for the harsh hydrogen peroxide environment, and a nozzle assembly designed to retain as much heat as possible in the catalyst bed. Performance was characterized by direct measurements of pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate in a vacuum environment. Launch survivability and on-orbit operability were verified with vibration, thermal cycle, leak rate, and life testing. On-board flight software and ground commanding were tested prior to integration to ensure appropriate timing and activation of safety features in case of an anomaly. HyPer’s checkout testing at different levels of satellite integration and propellant loading plan are also outlined

Corn Hybrid Trial Archive

This report features the available corn data from 2003-2017. Crop performance testing results are released annually through the activities of SDSU Extension and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU