6 research outputs found
"Goss's de la ru', goss's du pavé" : working class children and young people in the Parisian public space (from 1882 to the begging of the 1960')
LâexpĂ©rience juvĂ©nile est retracĂ©e Ă partir des actes du quotidien et des Ă©vĂšnements plus exceptionnels. JusquâĂ la Grande Guerre, et encore durant lâentre-deux-guerres, les enfants des milieux populaires entretiennent une relation riche avec les espaces publics auxquels sont attribuĂ©s de nombreux rĂŽles. Des cultures enfantines et adolescentes se construisent. Cependant, aprĂšs 1945, la vie urbaine sâappauvrit au profit dâune logique utilitaire. Ă chaque espace tend Ă ĂȘtre attribuĂ© un rĂŽle : dans les rues, la circulation autour de deux pĂŽles, le trottoir et la chaussĂ©e, dans les espaces verts, la dĂ©tente et les loisirs, les espaces interstitiels reprĂ©sentĂ©s par les terrains vagues ou les anciennes fortifications sont bĂątis et disparaissent de lâaccessibilitĂ© publique. Les contraintes sont de plus en plus fortes, les enfants sont progressivement refoulĂ©s des espaces publics quâils occupaient jusquâalors. Ă la fin de la pĂ©riode Ă©tudiĂ©e, la rue nâest plus guĂšre le lieu des pratiques rĂ©crĂ©atives qui se trouvent circonscrites dans des espaces strictement dĂ©finis Ă cet usage. En opposition Ă lâutilisation libre des espaces extĂ©rieurs, lâencadrement autour des enfants et des adolescents sâaccroĂźt. En consĂ©quence, ils perdent progressivement leur lĂ©gitimitĂ© Ă agir seuls, par eux-mĂȘmes en tant quâenfants ou adolescents. DĂšs lors, lâespace public contribue Ă matĂ©rialiser et Ă fortifier les catĂ©gories dâĂąge en accentuant les diffĂ©rences entre les enfants, les adolescents et les adultes, Ă la fois par des lieux et des activitĂ©s.The experience of the young experience is traced according to the acts of the everydaylife as well as the the more exceptional events. Until the Great War, and still during the interwar period, working class children maintain a rich relation with the public space, which have numerous roles. Child and adolescent cultures develop. However, after the SecondWorldWar, urban life becomes impoverished for the benefit of a utilitarian logic. Every space tends to have an attributed role : in the streets, the movement is divided between two poles, the pavement and the road ; in the green spaces, the relaxation and the leisure activities. Interstitial spaces are built-up and no more available. The constraints get stronger and stronger. Children are gradually rejected of the public spaces places which they occupied and are more and more supervised. At the end of studied period, the street isnât quite the place of the entertaining practices which are confined in spaces used exclusively for this purpose. Children and young people lose gradually their legitimacy to act alone or by themselves. The use of public space contributes to strengthen the categories of age by stressing the differences between children, teenagers and adults in terms of places and activities