Clima laboral en colaboradores administrativos de la municipalidad distrital de Huaura 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de clima laboral en colaboradores administrativos de la Municipalidad Distrital de Huaura 2022. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación de tipo básica, descriptiva, de corte transversal, con diseño no experimental y un enfoque cuantitativo, en una población constituida por 80 colaboradores administrativos entre varones y mujeres que oscilan entre las edades de 21-69 años. Se utilizó la escala de evaluación de CL-SPC (Clima laboral) de Palma Carrillo Sonia. Resultados: El 66% de los encuestados percibieron el clima laboral en un nivel medio, 16 % percibe un nivel favorable, 15% desfavorable y finalmente el 3 % muy favorable; en base a la dimensión realización personal el 48% nivel medio, 33% desfavorable, 10% favorable, 6% muy desfavorable y el 4% muy favorable; en la dimensión involucramiento laboral el 50% nivel medio, 26% favorable, 18% desfavorable, el 5% muy favorable y 1% muy desfavorable, dimensión supervisión 20% desfavorable; 10% favorable, el 3% muy desfavorable y muy favorable; en la dimensión comunicación 64% nivel medio; 16% favorable y desfavorable; 3% muy desfavorable, 1% muy favorable y finalmente en la dimensión condiciones laborales 56% nivel medio; 28% desfavorable; 13% favorable; 3% muy desfavorable y solo el 1% muy favorable. Conclusión: Se comprobó la hipótesis de investigación afirmando que existe un nivel medio de clima laboral en colaboradores administrativos del Municipio y rechazando la hipótesis nula

Trachoma in Western Equatoria State, Southern Sudan: Implications for National Control

Baseline data on trachoma prevalence is a prerequisite for intervention. Prior to the present study, all surveys in Southern Sudan reported trachoma prevalences that exceeded the threshold for large-scale intervention. This gave rise to the notion that the disease may be endemic throughout the country. The present study was conducted under the auspices of the National Program for Integrated Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, to verify whether prevalences in two counties west of the Nile exceeded the WHO recommended intervention threshold for mass drug administration (MDA) of antibiotic treatment. The results show that trachoma prevalence at county level was below this threshold. However, prevalences in some communities within the county were above the threshold, meaning that they should be targeted with MDA of antibiotics, as well as with other interventions such as trichiasis surgery, health promotion and improved water and sanitation. This finding reminds us of the need for geographical targeting of resources, both for surveys and subsequent intervention. Current resources are insufficient to conduct population-based prevalence surveys for trachoma throughout Southern Sudan. Further surveys should thus be conducted in areas where collection of additional information will be most informative. We propose that a combination of risk-mapping and rapid assessments is used to identify such areas

Integrated Surveys of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Southern Sudan: How Much Do They Cost and Can They Be Refined?

Control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is suggested to be more cost-effective when drugs are co-administered through a single integrated delivery system rather than separate systems. An essential prerequisite for such efficiency gains is sufficient geographical overlap of the targeted diseases – lymphatic filariasis (LF), onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminth infection and trachoma. Lack of data on geographical NTD distribution currently hampers the implementation of integrated control in many African countries. To generate the required data quickly and efficiently, integrated surveys of several NTDs simultaneously have been recommended. However, experience with integrated surveys is limited and requires additional research on cost and effectiveness to inform improvements in methodology and to guide scale-up. Here we analyse costs of the first integrated NTD survey round in Southern Sudan, generating average costs per implementation unit surveyed. Cost estimates are presented for use of the existing survey method and for modified versions. Key cost drivers were survey consumables and personnel, both of which are recurrent costs. These inputs could be reduced or put to more efficient use by modifying sampling for LF. To generate comparable cost estimates and identify key cost drivers in other settings we provide detailed cost data and guidance on how to replicate this work

Integrated Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Epidemiological Findings and Control Implications for Northern Bahr-el-Ghazal State, Southern Sudan

Integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is being scaled up in a number of developing countries, because it is thought to be more cost-effective than stand-alone control programmes. Under this approach, treatments for onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF), schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection, and trachoma are administered through the same delivery structure and at about the same time. A pre-requisite for implementation of integrated NTD control is information on where the targeted diseases are endemic and to what extent they overlap. This information is generated through surveys that can be labour-intensive and expensive. In Southern Sudan, all of the above diseases except onchocerciasis require further mapping before a comprehensive integrated NTD control programme can be implemented. To determine where treatment for which disease is required, integrated surveys were conducted for schistosomiasis, STH infection, LF, and loiasis, throughout one of ten states of the country. Our results show that treatment is only required for urinary schistosomiasis and STH in a few, yet separate, geographical area. This illustrates the importance of investing in disease mapping to minimize overall programme costs by being able to target interventions. Integration of survey methodologies for the above disease was practical and efficient, and minimized the effort required to collect these data

Comportamiento del cáncer gástrico en pacientes de la provincia de García Rovira (Santander), en el período 2007-2014

Introduction: Gastric cancer is in Colombia and Santander, the leading cause of death from malignant tumors, despite not being the first neoplasia in frequency. Objective: Considering the above, the gastric cancer is a major public health and our environment are not analytical studies to characterize this population, what is proposed is an investigation in which behavior is characterized in people with gastric cancer the province of Garcia Rovira, Santander, in the 2007-2014 period. Methodology: analytical study reviewed medical records of 57 patients from a health promoter subsidized system (EPS-S) diagnosed with gastric cancer confirmed by histopathology. The variables considered were: sex, age, stage, pathology, localization, treatment and survival, univariate analysis was performed taking into account the varying categorized by age ranges (up to 50 years, 51-60 years old, 61-70 years and over 70); qualitative variables described in table of frequencies, percentages and confidence intervals; bivariate analysis was performed looking for the P value of the test of Fisher, the data were analyzed in the Stata statistical package. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that men represent 77.2% of gastric cancer cases studied; 68.4% of patients had more than 60 years. Significant differences in tumor localization by sex were found in women as cancer was located in the antrum while in men was predominantly in the cardia and body of the stomach (p <0.05); For its part, the variables clinical stage and received treatment associated mortality statistics (p <0.05) were found way.[Cuadros-Picón DM, Reyes-Soto Y. Gastric Cancer Behavior in EPS-s (Health Insurance Company) in The Province of García Rovira (Santander), during the 2007 – 2014 Period. MedUNAB 2015; 17(3): 149-154].Introducción: El cáncer gástrico es en Colombia y Santander, la primera causa de muerte por tumores malignos, a pesar de no ser la primera neoplasia en frecuencia. Objetivo: Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el cáncer gástrico es un problema de salud pública y en nuestro medio no existen estudios analíticos que permitan caracterizar esta población; lo que se propone es una investigación en la cual se caracterice el comportamiento en la población con cáncer gástrico en la provincia de García Rovira, Santander, en el  periodo 2007-2014. Metodología: Estudio analítico con 57 historias clínicas revisadas de pacientes de una empresa promotora de salud del régimen subsidiado (EPS-s) con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico confirmado por histopatología. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad, estadio, patología, localización, tratamiento y sobrevida, se realizó análisis univariado teniendo en cuenta la variable edad categorizada por rangos (hasta 50 años, 51 a 60 años, 61 a 70 años, y más de 70 años); variables cualitativas descritas en tabla de frecuencias, porcentajes e intervalos de confianza; el análisis bivariado se realizó buscando el valor P del test de Fisher, los datos fueron analizados en el paquete estadístico Stata. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que los hombres representan un 77.2% de los casos de cáncer gástrico estudiados; el 68.4% del total de los pacientes tenía más de 60 años. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la localización del tumor por sexo, ya que en las mujeres el cáncer se localizó en el antro pilórico mientras que en los hombres fue predominantemente en el cardias y el cuerpo del estómago (p<0.05); por su parte, las variables estadio clínico y tratamiento recibido se encontraron asociados de manera estadística a mortalidad (p<0.05). [Cuadros-Picón DM, Reyes-Soto Y. Comportamiento del cáncer gástrico en pacientes de la EPS-s provincia de García Rovira (Santander), en el  periodo 2007-2014. MedUNAB 2015; 17(3): 149-154]

Gastric cancer behavior in EPS-s (health insurance company) in the province of García Rovira (Santander), during the 2007 – 2014 period

El cáncer gástrico es en Colombia y Santander, la primera causa de muerte por tumores malignos, a pesar de no ser la primera neoplasia en frecuencia. Objetivo: Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el cáncer gástrico es un problema de salud pública y en nuestro medio no existen estudios analÍticos que permitan caracterizar esta población; lo que se propone es una investigación en la cual se caracterice el comportamiento en la población con cáncer gástrico en la provincia de GarcÍa Rovira, Santander, en el periodo 2007-2014. MetodologÍa: Estudio analÍtico con 57 historias clÍnicas revisadas de pacientes de una empresa promotora de salud del régimen subsidiado (EPS-s) con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico confirmado por histopatologÍa. Las variables consideradas fueron: sexo, edad, estadio, patologÍa, localización, tratamiento y sobrevida, se realizó análisis univariado teniendo en cuenta la variable edad categorizada por rangos (hasta 50 años, 51 a 60 años, 61 a 70 años, y más de 70 años); variables cualitativas descritas en tabla de frecuencias, porcentajes e intervalos de confianza; el análisis bivariado se realizó buscando el valor P del test de Fisher, los datos fueron analizados en el paquete estadÍstico Stata. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que los hombres representan un 77.2% de los casos de cáncer gástrico estudiados; el 68.4% del total de los pacientes tenÍa más de 60 años. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la localización del tumor por sexo, ya que en las mujeres el cáncer se localizó en el antro pilórico mientras que en los hombres fue predominantemente en el cardias y el cuerpo del estómago (p<0.05); por su parte, las variables estadio clÍnico y tratamiento recibido se encontraron asociados de manera estadÍstica a mortalidad (p<0.05). [Cuadros-Picón DM, Reyes-Soto Y. Comportamiento del cáncer gástrico en pacientes de la EPS-s provincia de GarcÍa Rovira (Santander), en el periodo 2007-2014. MedUNAB 2015; 17(3): 149-154].Gastric cancer is in Colombia and Santander, the leading cause of death from malignant tumors, despite not being the first neoplasia in frequency. Objective: Considering the above, the gastric cancer is a major public health and our environment are not analytical studies to characterize this population, what is proposed is an investigation in which behavior is characterized in people with gastric cancer the province of Garcia Rovira, Santander, in the 2007-2014 period. Methodology: analytical study reviewed medical records of 57 patients from a health promoter subsidized system (EPS-S) diagnosed with gastric cancer confirmed by histopathology. The variables considered were: sex, age, stage, pathology, localization, treatment and survival, univariate analysis was performed taking into account the varying categorized by age ranges (up to 50 years, 51-60 years old, 61-70 years and over 70); qualitative variables described in table of frequencies, percentages and confidence intervals; bivariate analysis was performed looking for the P value of the test of Fisher, the data were analyzed in the Stata statistical package. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that men represent 77.2% of gastric cancer cases studied; 68.4% of patients had more than 60 years. Significant differences in tumor localization by sex were found in women as cancer was located in the antrum while in men was predominantly in the cardia and body of the stomach (p <0.05); For its part, the variables clinical stage and received treatment associated mortality statistics (p <0.05) were found way.[Cuadros-Picón DM, Reyes-Soto Y. Gastric Cancer Behavior in EPS-s (Health Insurance Company) in The Province of GarcÍa Rovira (Santander), during the 2007 – 2014 Period. MedUNAB 2015; 17(3): 149-154]

Estudio de seguimiento a graduados de la carrera de Farmacia de la UNAN-León plan de estudio 2011, cohorte 2011-2015

Tesis (Lic. Químico Farmacéutico)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

Control de posición angular para panel solar basado en redes neuronales y control inteligente

En ciudad Juárez Chihuahua México se presenta más de 300 días soleados al año, lo que conlleva que la fuente de energía solar sea una forma viable de transformación de energía. Por lo que se presenta una propuesta de controlador inteligente para la posición angular de un panel solar, en donde la señal de referencia del controlador se obtiene de la salida de una red neuronal multicapa previamente entrenada con datos de ubicación del sol. Los datos de entrenamiento fueron obtenidos de la base de datos del INEGI en México y de otros repositorios de acceso abierto. Además, se muestra el diseño mecánico y su integración de las piezas que integral el panel solar. El controlador en lazo cerrado diseñado hace uso de un PID con la intención de volver robusta ante perturbaciones externas al sistema. Lo que permite minimizar el efecto de variables dinámicas no modeladas que podrían afectar el desempeño del sistema del panel-actuador. Los resultados experimentales muestran una respuesta sub amortiguada de la salida controlada en esta transitorio y en error cero en estado estacionario. La propuesta de diseño demuestra un seguimiento de la posición de referencia solar adecuado, la cual puede ser implementada a bajo costo

Abstract 3478: CD44+CD24low+progenitors in ER negative breast cancer have higher Notch1 activation, self-renewal, and chemo resistance and generate CD44+CD24negcells and tumors that metastasize

Abstract CD44 surface expression is associated with self renewal in several cancers. While CD44+/CD24neg/low/ESA+ breast cancer subpopulations are enriched for cancer stem cells (CSC), the relative contributions of CD24 negative versus low subpopulations to stemness and metastasis is poorly defined. Here we show that CD44+/CD24low+ CSC give rise to CD44+/CD24neg progeny with reduced tumorigenicity and altered drug sensitivities. CD44+/CD24low+ subpopulations in MDA-MB-231 and in primary dissociated ER negative breast cancers show greater sphere and soft agar colony formation, Notch1 activation, Sox2 and Nanog expression and chemo resistance compared to CD44+/CD24neg. CD44+/CD24low+ can self-renew and give rise to CD44+/CD24neg cells, while CD44+/CD24neg progeny are exclusively CD44+/CD24neg. Tumorigenicity was increased and metastasis arose exclusively from orthotopic CD44+CD24low+ xenografts. CD44+/CD24low+ had greater expression of metastasis- and embryonic stem cell- associated and Notch pathway activated genes than CD44+/CD24neg cells. Moreover, MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing Notch1 intracellular domain (N1-ICD) had higher Sox2 expression, and higher indices of CSC self-renewal (higher % CD44+/CD24low+, ALDH1 activity, sphere and soft agar colony formation), all of which were abrogated by Sox2 knockdown. Gamma secretase inhibition reduced ES-TFs and self-renewal in CD44+CD24low+ progenitors, but had no effect on proliferation or survival of CD44+CD24neg cells supporting further clinical development of Notch targeting drugs for cancer treatment in humans. Thus, CD44+CD24low+ and CD44+CD24neg CSC in ER negative breast cancer have distinct properties. CD44+CD24low+ can self-renew and generate CD44+CD24neg progeny. Orthotopic xenograft CD44+CD24low+ tumors arose with reduced latency with higher frequent, were larger, and the sole source of metastasis. Notch1 activation of Sox2 drives CD44+CD24low+ self-renewal and is blocked by GSI providing a strong rationale for use of GSI as CSC targeting agents in ER negative breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3478. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3478</jats:p