Pesquisa de vírus em bolsas periodontais de doentes com periodontite crónica

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizIntrodução: A Periodontite é uma patologia inflamatória dos tecidos de suporte dentários. A sua etiologia é multifatorial, sendo a causa bacteriana apontada como primordial para o seu desenvolvimento. Recentemente, estudos demonstram que os vírus podem atuar como patógenos putativos desta doença. O objetivo da presente investigação prende-se com a avaliação da associação entre quatro vírus: Herpes Simples 1 e 2 (HSV1 e HSV2), Epstein-Barr (EBV) e Citomegalovírus (CMV) e a patologia periodontal. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 100 pacientes, da Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz, foram incluídos no estudo, após assinatura de um consentimento informado. Dos 100 indivíduos, 50 apresentavam doença periodontal e 50 periodonto saudável. Amostras de fluído crevicular foram extraídas com auxílio de cones de papel previamente esterilizados e analisadas à posteriori. Procedeu-se primeiramente à extração de DNA e seguidamente ao teste PCR Multiplex (Polymerase Chain Reaction) para avaliar a presença dos vírus enunciados. Resultados: Foram detetados, em pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos, HSV1, HSV2, EBV e CMV (38%, 24%, 32% e 12% respetivamente, dos indivíduos possuíam estes vírus no fluído crevicular). No grupo saudável foram detetados HSV1, HSV2 e EBV em 2% dos indivíduos e em nenhum foi detetado CMV. Conclusão: Face aos resultados obtidos parece haver uma associação entre a presença de HSV1, HSV2, EBV e doença periodontal. Os vírus não são a etiologia primordial da Periodontite, no entanto, podem exercer um papel na mesma, contribuindo para a sua severidade e reativação, consequentemente o planeamento de uma terapêutica contra estes vírus pode auxiliar no tratamento periodontal.Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory pathology of the tooth supporting tissues. Its etiology is multifactorial, however, the bacterial cause is considered as primordial for its development. Recently, studies have shown that viruses can act as putative pathogens of this disease. The goal of the present investigation is related to the evaluation of the association between four viruses: Herpes simplex 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2), Epstein-Barr (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and periodontal pathology. Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients, from Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz, were enrolled in the study, by signing an informed consent. Of the 100 individuals, 50 had periodontal disease and 50 healthy periodontium. Samples of crevicular fluid were extracted with the aid of paper cones previously sterilized and analyzed retrospectively. DNA extraction was performed first and then the PCR Multiplex test (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to evaluate the presence of the viruses. Results: In patients, periodontally compromised, HSV1, HSV2, EBV and CMV (38%, 24%, 32% and 12% respectively, of the individuals had these viruses in the crevicular fluid). In the healthy group, HSV1, HSV2 and EBV were found in 2% of the individuals and in no cmv was found. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained there seems to be an association between the presence of HSV1, HSV2, EBV and periodontal disease. Viruses are not the primary etiology of Periodontitis, however, they can play a role in it, contributing to their severity and reactivation, consequently the planning of a therapy against these viruses can aid in periodontal treatment

Association of herpesvirus and periodontitis: a clinical and laboratorial case-control study

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Objectives: A significant influence of the Herpesviridae family in the progression of periodontal disease has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of four Herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) with periodontal disease using a qualitative test for evaluating the presence or absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in 100 participants at a university clinic. A qualitative test was used for evaluating the presence/absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients, and considering the periodontitis staging (stage II, stage III, and stage IV) and grading (grade A, grade B, and grade C). Statistical analysis: The distribution of the same exposure variables to the periodontitis staging and grading was compared using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Gamma tests depending on the variable characteristics. The significance level was set at 5%. The association of the variables: age, sex, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and oral hygiene was also considered. Results: The prevalence of Herpesviridae family virus DNA was 6% for the periodontal healthy group and 60% for the periodontitis group (roughly 60% on periodontitis stages II, III, and IV, p <0.001; and twofold increase in moderate and rapid progression grades compared with the slow progression grade, p <0.001). HSV1 DNA was prevalent in all periodontitis stages and grades. HSV 2, EBV, and CMV DNA had increasing prevalence rates in more severe stages (stages III and IV, p <0.001); while considering periodontitis grade, HSV2 (p = 0.001), CMV (p = 0.019) and EBV (p <0.001) DNA were prevalent only in grades B and C, with EBV DNA registering a marked prevalence in grade C. Conclusion: A significant different distribution of Herpesviridae virus DNA per each stage of disease was registered.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neurotoxicity of Olindias sambaquiensis and Chiropsalmus quadrumanus extracts in sympathetic nervous system

Cnidarians are equipped with nematocysts, which are specialized organelles used to inoculate venom during prey capturing and defense. Their venoms are rich in toxins and a potential source of bioactive compounds, however, poorly explored so far. In this work, the activity of the methanolic extracts from the hydromedusa Olindias sambaquiensis and the cubozoan jellyfish Chiropsalmus quadrumanus were studied in sympathetic neurotransmission. For that, bisected rat vas deferens - a classic model of sympathetic neurotransmission - were incubated with the extracts for further myographic and histopathological analysis. The O. sambaquiensis extract, at 0.1 μg/mL, facilitated the neurogenic contractions of the noradrenergic-rich epididymal portion, while reducing the noradrenaline (NA) potency, which suggests an interaction with postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptors. On the other hand, a higher concentration (1 μg/mL) leads to time- and frequency-dependent blockade of nerve-evoked contractions without significantly changing the response to exogenous NA. In turn, the C. quadrumanus extract at 0.1 μg/mL induced blockade of nerve-evoked noradrenergic contractions while reducing the potency to exogenous NA. Both extracts did not affect the purinergic neurotransmission or induce muscle damages. Our results demonstrate that O. sambaquiensis and C. quadrumanus extracts significantly interfere with the noradrenergic neurotransmission without altering purinergic response or smooth muscle structure on rat vas deferens. Such results bring to light the pharmacological potential of O. sambaquiensis and C. quadrumanus molecules for therapeutics focusing on noradrenergic neurotransmission