The Effects Workplace Discrimination Has on Veteran Male Adjuncts: A Literature Review of Current Issues Within Higher Education

The paper addresses the problem of workplace discrimination of male veterans in higher education and how to enhance gender satisfaction. A solution to this problem will build policy awareness to implement and evaluate workplace discrimination measures. In order to solve this problem higher education institutions should also upgrade the hiring of veteran male adjuncts from part-time job categories to full-time. One approach according to Fruscione is tabling communication with the team would help devise ways that may lead to equitable treatment within the workplace and eliminate the current issue of male adjuncts discrimination. With regard to the background and solution, by framing the problem as an optimization policy toward discrimination approaches of veteran male adjuncts, higher education institutions could develop effective and interactive communication frameworks to engage adjuncts from each gender. The study provided some of the main gender challenges facing male adjuncts in higher education and their remedies. However, a further study should be quantitative to boost its reliability

The Racial Impact Law : A Comparative Analysis Washington Vs. Texas

A racial impact law is a tool that lawmakers use before adopting and implementing laws to assess the likelihood of disparities occurring under the proposed legislation. They help in detecting unforeseen policy consequences. Washington and Texas are among the states with some racial impact laws to help fight against racial discrimination. For Texas, they imposed the critical race theory where each public high school is required to have one teacher and one administrator have civic learning that will help in reducing the increased rate of racial segregation in schools. In Washington, through the Washington Law Against Discrimination (WLAD), Chapter 49.60 RCW law, they have reduced racial disparities, especially at the workplaces, despite the person's sex, religion, ethnicity, religion, or color. They have gone further to implement laws that hinder discrimination on hair color from ensuring fairness and equality within the state. These states have racial demographics where the Whites have dominated in both states. Other groups are represented within the states, thus the need for racial impact laws to ensure there is mitigation of discrimination of the minority groups. The racial impact laws apply to both states but differently depending on the legislature of that specific state. The racial impact laws have not been effective enough. Thus the legislation of the states and the federal government should engage in more research to ensure the existing racial discrimination across the country has been eradicated. The government should involve the public by teaching them civic education to make it easy to eliminate racial segregation

Anti-Racism in the Criminal Justice System, a Brief Literature GAP: Review

Racism in the criminal justice system is one of the most significant challenges in the United States. The minorities, especially the blacks and Hispanics, have been punitively punished and targeted in a more aggressive approach over similar crimes committed by their white counterparts. Law enforcement's racist approach can largely be blamed for the vile racism in the criminal justice system. Rampant racial profiling is a common approach within the criminal justice system that propagates injustice against minorities. Besides, overt racism occurs through legal setups that are set to impose retrogressive rulings on the minority groups and fail to cater to such people's unique needs. The citizens play a central role in making criminal justice systems anti-racists. The citizens can forge community-oriented policing strategies to ensure the interactions between the racial minorities and the police in their neighbourhoods complies with existing professional guidelines to deter unbiased racial profiling. Another step that can be taken by the citizens is collaborating with law enforcement agencies to explore alternative strategic plans and guidelines that promote the amicable handling of minority offenders and finding viable alternatives to detention and incarceration. Racism in the criminal justice system is a complex problem, but with the adoption of pragmatic approaches and tactics, the vice can be eliminated. One of the primary steps towards achieving such a goal is acknowledging the system's racial disparities' cumulative nature. The paper proposes future studies to focus on leveraging decision points to develop more stringent anti-racism measures in the criminal justice system

Top 8 Social Justice Issues Facing America

The research paper briefly addresses the problem of the issues of social justice facing people within the United States. A solution to this problem will establish fairness or balanced relation between persons and equality in factors such as the distribution of wealth, quality health care, gun violence, good education, and LGBTQ, and racial freedom for all people. In order to solve this problem scholars and academia's along with social justice groups mentioned within this document should advocate local and state legislators to impact change. Taking this one approach will ensure America will be at a safer level in terms of fairness in opportunities, equality in human rights, and reduced discrimination in the United States in the coming five years

Peptides and small molecules targeting the plasminogen activation system: Towards prophylactic anti-metastasis drugs for breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy afflicting Western women today and is responsible for many deaths due to metastatic disease. Upregulation of the plasminogen-activation system (PAS) has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer and targeting this system represents an attractive strategy for the development of anti-metastasis prophylactic drugs. Two promising classes of PAS-targeting agents are inhibitors of the serine protease activity of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and antagonists of the interaction of uPA with its cell surface receptor (uPAR). This review begins with a brief overview of the role of PAS in cancer metastasis before describing in detail a subset of the small molecules and peptides from the patent literature that target either uPA activity or uPA/uPAR interactions for use as anti-metastasis drugs

Polypyrrole stretchable actuators

Here, we report a simple way to prepare stretchable polypyrrole (PPy)-based actuator materials that can be operated over a wide dynamic strain range and generate useable actuation displacements and pressures. The stretchable actuators were prepared as a laminated composite of PPy and a gold-coated roughened rubber sheet. By manipulating the corrugated surface of the rubber substrate, the stretchability of PPy was greatly improved. Gold-coated rubbers could be stretched to 30 percent without significant change in electrical resistance. The corrugated PPy/gold/rubber laminates successfully showed - 1 percents of actuation strain even when prestretched to 24 percent. The actuation strains were smaller than for similar free-standing PPy films and a detailed analysis of the effects of corrugation and of the rubber substrate are presented to predict actuation strain under various prestretch strains

First-in-human phase I study of infusional and bolus schedules of Deflexifol, a novel 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin formulation, after failure of standard treatment

Background: 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is administered with leucovorin (LV) to enhance clinical activity. However, simultaneous administration is not feasible due to their chemical incompatibility, so conditions for the maximum possible beneficial interaction cannot be met. To overcome this, we developed a novel all‐in‐one, pH neutral stable solution of 5‐FU plus LV with β‐cyclodextrin (termed Deflexifol) and assessed its safety and tolerability in a first‐in‐human phase I trial. Methods: Patients with advanced solid malignancy received Deflexifol as weekly bolus (375–575 mg/m2) or two‐weekly 46 h infusion (1200–3600 mg/m2) for six cycles in a 3+3 dose escalation design. Adverse events, pharmacokinetics and tumor response rates were assessed by standard methods. Results: Forty patients were treated (19 bolus, 21 infusional, median age 67) with no grade 4 adverse events reported. Dose‐limiting toxicities of grade 3 diarrhea and myelosuppression were reported for the bolus schedule at 575 mg/m2 (maximum tolerated dose 525 mg/m2), whereas none were reported for the infusional schedule. The recommended phase II infusional dose was declared as 3,000 mg/m2, \u3e25% that of 5‐FU used in standard‐of‐care regimens. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed evidence of inter‐patient variability, with no evidence of saturation in clearance, and a trend to linear increase in AUC with dose. Disease control rate was 64% despite most patients having failed previous 5‐FU regimens. Conclusion: Deflexifol is safer and effective in bolus and infusion schedules at higher doses than that permitted by separate infusion of 5‐FU and LV. A phase II study evaluating Deflexifol is planned

Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer

BACKGROUND: The standard adjuvant treatment of colon cancer is fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FL). Oxaliplatin improves the efficacy of this combination in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of treatment with FL plus oxaliplatin in the postoperative adjuvant setting. METHODS: We randomly assigned 2246 patients who had undergone curative resection for stage II or III colon cancer to receive FL alone or with oxatiplatin for six months. The primary end point was disease-free survival. RESULTS: A total of 1123 patients were randomly assigned to each group. After a median follow-up of 37.9 months, 237 patients in the group given FL plus oxaliplatin had had a cancer-related event, as compared with 293 patients in the FL group (21.1 percent vs. 26.1 percent; hazard ratio for recurrence, 0.77; P=0.002). The rate of disease-free survival at three years was 78.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 75.6 to 80.7) in the group given FL plus oxaliplatin and 72.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 70.2 to 75.7) in the FL group (P=0.002 by the stratified log-rank test). In the group given FL plus oxaliplatin, the incidence of febrile neutropenia was 1.8 percent, the incidence of gastro-intestinal adverse effects was low, and the incidence of grade 3 sensory neuropathy was 12.4 percent during treatment, decreasing to 1.1 percent at one year of follow-up. Six patients in each group died during treatment (death rate, 0.5 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Adding oxaliplatin to a regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin improves the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer

Sidedness is prognostic in locoregional colon cancer: an analysis of 9509 Australian patients

Background/Aim Right sided colon cancer (RsCC) is proposed to be a distinct disease entity to left sided colon cancer (LsCC). We seek to confirm primary tumour location as an independent prognostic factor in locoregional colorectal cancer. Methods All patients with stage I - III primary adenocarcinoma of colon were identified from the New South Wales (NSW) clinical cancer registry (2006-2013). Primary tumour location (RsCC vs LsCC) survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and adjusted hazard ratios for 5-year all-cause mortality (OS) and 5-year cancer specific mortality (CSS) were obtained using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results We identified 9509 patients including 5051 patients with RsCC and 4458 with LsCC. Patients with RsCC were more likely to be older, female, have a higher Charlson comorbidity index, and have worse tumour prognostic factors. In univariate analysis of all stages combined, those patients with RsCC had a worse overall survival (OS, HR 1.20 95% CI 1.11-1.29, p \u3c 0.0001), although this was not significant in the multivariate analysis (HR 0.96 95% CI 0.89-1.04, p = 0.35). Stage I patients with RsCC had a trend to improved OS (multivariate HR 0.84 95% CI 0.69-1.01, p = 0.07) and a significantly improved CSS (multivariate HR 0.51 95% CI 0.35-0.75, p = 0.0006). In stage II patients with RsCC there was a significantly improved OS (multivariate HR 0.85 95% CI 0.75-0.98, p = 0.02) and CSS (multivariate HR 0.59 95% CI 0.45-0.78, p = 0.0002) compared to LsCC. In stage III patients, those with RsCC had a worse OS (multivariate HR 1.13 95% CI 1.01-1.26, p = 0.032) and a trend to worse CSS (multivariate HR 1.12 95% CI 0.94-1.33, p = 0.22). Conclusions Primary tumour location is an important prognostic factor in locoregional colon cancer with an effect that varies by stage. RsCC is associated with lower all-cause mortality in stage II, and higher all-cause mortality in stage III