Nonparametric Confidence Intervals for the One- and Two-Sample Problems

Confidence intervals for the mean of one sample and the difference in means of two independent samples based on the ordinary-t statistic suffer deficiencies when samples come from skewed distributions. In this article, we evaluate several existing techniques and propose new methods to improve coverage accuracy. The methods examined include the ordinary-t, the bootstrap-t, the biased-corrected acceleration (BCa) bootstrap, and three new intervals based on transformation of the t-statistic. Our study shows that our new transformation intervals and the bootstrap-t intervals give best coverage accuracy for a variety of skewed distributions; and that our new transformation intervals have shorter interval lengths

Nonparametric Statistical Methods for the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Two measures often used in a cost-effectiveness analysis are the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and the net health benefit (NHB). Inferences on these two quantities are often hindered by highly skewed cost data. In this paper, we derived the Edgeworth expansions for the studentized t-statistics for the two measures and showed how they could be used to guide inferences. In particular, we used the expansions to study the theoretical performance of existing confidence intervals based on normal theory and to derive transformational confidence intervals for the ICER and the NHB. We conducted a simulation study to compare our new intervals with several existing methods. The methods evaluated included the normal theory interval, the Fieller\u27s interval, the bootstrap percentile interval, and the bootstrap bias-corrected acceleration (BCa) interval. We found that our new intervals give good coverage accuracy and are narrower compared to the current recommendation

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with vaginal and brain metastases: a case report and literature review

There are very few cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the vagina and brain reported in the literature. Our case study highlights this rare clinical occurrence and its associated complications including pulmonary embolism. In addition we discuss current management guidelines for treating and diagnosing the disease, and how this management improves prognosis

Simulating neutron transport in long beamlines at a spallation neutron source using Geant4

The transport of neutrons in long beamlines at spallation neutron sources presents a unique challenge for Monte-Carlo transport calculations. This is due to the need to accurately model the deep-penetration of high-energy neutrons through meters of thick dense shields close to the source and at the same time to model the transport of low-energy neutrons across distances up to around 150 m in length. Typically, such types of calculations may be carried out with MCNP-based codes or alternatively PHITS. However, in recent years there has been an increased interest in the suitability of Geant4 for such types of calculations. Therefore, we have implemented supermirror physics, a neutron chopper module and the duct-source variance reduction technique for low-energy neutron transport from the PHITS Monte-Carlo code into Geant4. In the current work, we present a series of benchmarks of these extensions with the PHITS software, which demonstrates the suitability of Geant4 for simulating long neutron beamlines at a spallation neutron source, such as the European Spallation Source, currently under construction in Lund, Sweden.Comment: ICANS-XXII

Machine Learning based Procedural Content Generation in Semantic Choreography

BeatMania is a rhythm-action game where players press buttons in response to keysound events to generate music. Rhythm-action game charts (the sequence of keysound events) have traditionally been human authored, since each song level must be creatively organized and correspond an overall pattern or theme. A deep neural network approach is proposed for rhythm-action game chart creation, and a method of level evaluation for co-creative AI is defined. That is, given an arbitrary piece of music, human users can generate BeatMania charts as well as give input to an AI collaborator. The problem is divided into two parts: autonomous chart generation and design interaction. For the chart generation process, a combination of features that include grouping information and audio sample labels are incorporated into an artificial neural network. For the design interaction, principal component analysis is utilized for a proposed reinforcement learning model. The co-creative tool is tested against Markov Chain and LSTM baselines via human trials.Undergraduat

Concomitant leiomyosarcoma of the right kidney and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix – an unusual clinical presentation

We report a case of right-sided leiomyosarcoma of the kidney with concomitant poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix diagnosed one month after radical nephrectomy in a previously healthy female patient. This is the first reported case of concomitant leiomyosarcoma of the kidney and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, and the diagnosis, clinical presentation, prognosis, and treatment are discussed

Breast cancer in pregnancy: case report

This case report is about a case of breast cancer in pregnancy at the Brooklyn hospital Center. Our patient`s case highlights some of the inherent causes of fatality in PABC and how to thread the line between the mother`s health and the baby`s safety to ensure a good outcome for both parties