822 research outputs found
On the neutrality issue in the Polyakov-loop NJL model
We elucidate how the color neutrality is harmed in the Polyakov Nambu-Jona
Lasinio (PNJL) model at finite density within the adopted mean field
approximation. Also we point out how usual assumption about the diagonal form
of the Wilson loop may fail in the presence of the diquark condensate on
several grounds.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Introduction enlarged, several comments about the
adopted mean field approximation and the relation with Elitzur's theorem
added. Version to appear on Phys. Rev.
Chiral crossover, deconfinement and quarkyonic matter within a Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop
We study the interplay between the chiral and the deconfinement transitions,
both at high temperature and high quark chemical potential, by a non local
Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop in the mean field approximation
and requiring neutrality of the ground state. We consider three forms of the
effective potential of the Polyakov loop: two of them with a fixed
deconfinement scale, cases I and II, and the third one with a dependent
scale, case III. In the cases I and II, at high chemical potential and
low temperature the main contribution to the free energy is due to the
Z(3)-neutral three-quark states, mimicking the quarkyonic phase of the large
phase diagram. On the other hand in the case III the quarkyonic window is
shrunk to a small region. Finally we comment on the relations of these results
to lattice studies and on possible common prospects. We also briefly comment on
the coexistence of quarkyonic and color superconductive phases.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4. Some typos corrected, references adde
Strange mass dependence of the tricritical point in the U(3)_L x U(3)_R chiral sigma model
We study the strange quark mass dependence of the tricritical point of the
U(3)_L x U(3)_R linear sigma model in the chiral limit. Assuming that the
tricritical point is at a large strange mass value, the strange sector as well
as the \eta-a_0 sector decouples from the light degrees of freedom which
determines the thermodynamics. By tracing this decoupling we arrive from the
original U(3)_L x U(3)_R symmetric model, going through the U(2)_L x U(2)_R
symmetric one, at the SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R linear sigma model. One-loop level beta
functions for the running of the parameters in each of these models and
tree-level matching of the coupling of these models performed at intermediate
scales are used to determine the influence of the heavy sector on the
parameters of the SU(2)_L x SU(2)_R linear sigma model. By investigating the
thermodynamics of this latter model we identified the tricritical surface of
the U(3)_L x U(3)_R linear sigma model in the chiral limit. To apply the
results for QCD we used different scenarios for the m_s and \mu_q dependence of
the effective model parameters, then the \mu_q^TCP(m_s) function can be
determined. Depending on the details, a curve bending upwards or downwards near
\mu_q=0 can be obtained, while with explicit chemical potential dependence of
the parameters the direction of the curve can change with m_s, too.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, uses revtex4-
Resummation scheme for 3d Yang-Mills and the two-loop magnetic mass for hot gauge theories
Perturbation theory for non-Abelian gauge theories at finite temperature is
plagued by infrared divergences caused by magnetic soft modes ,
which correspond to the fields of a 3d Yang-Mills theory. We revisit a gauge
invariant resummation scheme to solve this problem by self-consistent mass
generation using an auxiliary scalar field, improving over previous attempts in
two respects. First, we generalise earlier SU(2) treatments to SU(N). Second,
we obtain a gauge independent two-loop gap equation, correcting an error in the
literature. The resulting two-loop approximation to the magnetic mass
represents a correction to the leading one-loop value, indicating a
reasonable convergence of the resummation.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure
Concept of unbearable suffering in context of ungranted requests for euthanasia: qualitative interviews with patients and physicians
Objective To obtain in-depth information about the views of patients and physicians on suffering in patients who requested euthanasia in whom the request was not granted or granted but not performed
The deconfinement transition of finite density QCD with heavy quarks from strong coupling series
Starting from Wilson's action, we calculate strong coupling series for the
Polyakov loop susceptibility in lattice gauge theories for various small N_\tau
in the thermodynamic limit. Analysing the series with Pad\'e approximants, we
estimate critical couplings and exponents for the deconfinement phase
transition. For SU(2) pure gauge theory our results agree with those from
Monte-Carlo simulations within errors, which for the coarser N_\tau=1,2
lattices are at the percent level. For QCD we include dynamical fermions via a
hopping parameter expansion. On a N_\tau=1 lattice with N_f=1,2,3, we locate
the second order critical point where the deconfinement transition turns into a
crossover. We furthermore determine the behaviour of the critical parameters
with finite chemical potential and find the first order region to shrink with
growing \mu. Our series moreover correctly reflects the known Z(N) transition
at imaginary chemical potential.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, typos corrected, version published in JHE
Has the QCD Critical Point been Signaled by Observations at RHIC ?
The shear viscosity to entropy ratio () is estimated for the hot and
dense QCD matter created in Au+Au collisions at RHIC ( GeV).
A very low value is found , which is close to the conjectured
lower bound (). It is argued that such a low value is indicative of
thermodynamic trajectories for the decaying matter which lie close to the QCD
critical end point.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Revised version, accepted for publication in PR
To what distances do we know the confining potential?
We argue that asymptotically linear static potential is built in into the
common procedure of extracting it from lattice Wilson loop measurements. To
illustrate the point, we extract the potential by the standard lattice method
in a model vacuum made of instantons. A beautiful infinitely rising linear
potential is obtained in the case where the true potential is actually
flattening. We argue that the flux tube formation might be also an artifact of
the lattice procedure and not necessarily a measured physical effect.
We conclude that at present the rising potential is known for sure up to no
more than about 0.7 fm. It may explain why no screening has been clearly
observed so far for adjoint sources and for fundamental sources but with
dynamical fermions.
Finally, we speculate on how confinement could be achieved even if the static
potential in the pure glue theory is not infinitely rising.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Additional arguments presented, a new figure and
references adde
Monopole clusters, center vortices, and confinement in a Z(2) gauge-Higgs system
We propose to use the different kinds of vacua of the gauge theories coupled
to matter as a laboratory to test confinement ideas of pure Yang-Mills
theories. In particular, the very poor overlap of the Wilson loop with the
broken string states supports the 't Hooft and Mandelstam confinement criteria.
However in the Z(2) gauge-Higgs model we use as a guide we find that the
condensation of monopoles and center vortices is a necessary, but not
sufficient condition for confinement.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, minor changes, version to be published on Phys.
Rev.
Assessing the Performance of Recent Density Functionals for Bulk Solids
We assess the performance of recent density functionals for the
exchange-correlation energy of a nonmolecular solid, by applying accurate
calculations with the GAUSSIAN, BAND, and VASP codes to a test set of 24 solid
metals and non-metals. The functionals tested are the modified
Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBEsol GGA), the
second-order GGA (SOGGA), and the Armiento-Mattsson 2005 (AM05) GGA. For
completeness, we also test more-standard functionals: the local density
approximation, the original PBE GGA, and the Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria
(TPSS) meta-GGA. We find that the recent density functionals for solids reach a
high accuracy for bulk properties (lattice constant and bulk modulus). For the
cohesive energy, PBE is better than PBEsol overall, as expected, but PBEsol is
actually better for the alkali metals and alkali halides. For fair comparison
of calculated and experimental results, we consider the zero-point phonon and
finite-temperature effects ignored by many workers. We show how Gaussian basis
sets and inaccurate experimental reference data may affect the rating of the
quality of the functionals. The results show that PBEsol and AM05 perform
somewhat differently from each other for alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and
alkali halide crystals (where the maximum value of the reduced density gradient
is about 2), but perform very similarly for most of the other solids (where it
is often about 1). Our explanation for this is consistent with the importance
of exchange-correlation nonlocality in regions of core-valence overlap.Comment: 32 pages, single pdf fil
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