Veículo Aéreo não Tripulado: Uma Ferramenta de Auxílio na Gestão Pública

O artigo destaca o papel das geotecnologias como meio de inovação em serviços, particularmente na obtenção e processamento de dados relativos a ocupação territorial. O objetivo é discutir os desafios do uso do veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) modelo MD4-1000, como ferramenta de apoio para obtenção de imagens aéreas e posterior uso na gestão pública do Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário. O trabalho aborda questões relativas ao mapeamento da ocupação territorial para o planejamento e monitoramento das transformações ambientais. Para o teste, foram utilizadas duas áreas em dois municípios no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A metodologia, em ambos os casos, consistiu num voo sobre as áreas de interesse para obtenção das fotografias com sobreposição e posterior reconstituição da cena usando recursos de mosaico. A georreferencia foi por levantamento a campo por Real Time Kinematic (RTK). Os dados obtidos nas duas áreas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para captura das imagens e o tratamento das informações no âmbito do Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário. Os resultados tornaram possível concluir sobre o potencial de uso desses recursos na gestão pública.The article highlights the role of geotechnology as a means of innovation in services, particularly in obtaining and processing data related to territorial occupation. The objective is to discuss the challenges of using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) model MD4-1000, as a support tool to obtain aerial images and subsequent use in the management of public Multipurpose Technical Cadastre. The work approaches issues of territorial occupation mapping for planning and monitoring of environmental changes. For testing, we used two areas in two municipalities in interior of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The method, in both cases a flight consisted of areas of interest to obtain pictures with overlapping and subsequent reconstitution using features from the scene mosaic. The georeferenced was by the field survey by Real Time Kinematic (RTK). The data obtained in the two areas showed satisfactory results for capturing images and processing of information within the Multipurpose Technical Cadastre. The results made it possible to conclude on the potential use of these resources in public administration.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field