10 research outputs found

    A clash on the Toll pathway: competitive action between pesticides and zymosan A on components of innate immunity in Apis mellifera

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    BackgroundThe immune system of honeybees includes multiple pathways that may be affected by pesticide exposure decreasing the immune competencies of bees and increasing their susceptibility to diseases like the fungal Nosema spp. infection, which is detected in collapsed colonies.MethodsTo better understand the effect of the co-presence of multiple pesticides that interact with bees like imidacloprid and amitraz, we evaluated the expression of immune-related genes in honeybee hemocytes.ResultsImidacloprid, amitraz, and the immune activator, zymosan A, mainly affect the gene expression in the Toll pathway.DiscussionImidacloprid, amitraz, and zymosan A have a synergistic or an antagonistic relationship on gene expression depending on the level of immune signaling. The presence of multiple risk factors like pesticides and pathogens requires the assessment of their complex interaction, which has differential effects on the innate immunity of honeybees as seen in this study

    Analyse de la mobilité des macrophages pour le développement d'un biocapteur atmosphérique

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    Not availableL'action des polluants atmosphériques sur la mobilité et la physiologie des macrophages alvéolaires est mal connue pour les expositions à court terme. Un bioessai basé sur la reconnaissance d'images est utilisé pour mesurer la variation de VAS (vitesse d'accroissement de surface) des cellules en déplacement. Le fMLP (formyl Méthionine Leucine Phénylalanine) a été retenu comme activateur de la mobilité cellulaire, ce dernier donnant une relation dose-réponse et un déplacement significatif sur la durée d'analyse. La VAS de macrophages activés (100 [mu]l de fMLP à 10[puissance -5] M) après exposition à 0,5 ppm d'ozonze (O[exposant]3) pendant 10 minutes a diminué la VAS d'un facteur 4 par rapport à la série témoin. Ces résultats ont permis de réaliser un biocapteur atmosphérique fonctionnant en continu. L'ozone affecte la VAS des macrophages. Cette altération peut être modélisée par une relation polynomiale. En ce qui concerne le monoxyde d'azote (NO), des concentrations comprises entre 157 ppb et 1125 ppb ont altéré la VAS de façon significative. Un mélange composé d'O3 et de Nox a provoqué une diminution de VAS d'environ 70%. Le prototype permet donc de mettre en évidence les pollutions liées au NO et à O3 dans les limites des normes européennes. Après avoir vérifié l'influence de O3 sur la VAS , les répercussions physiologiques de ce polluant ont été abordées dans les conditions du bioessai. La concentration de 0,5 ppm est cytotoxique avec un TL50 atteinte pour 28 mn d'exposition. De plus, cette agression modifie la concentration de calcium intercellulaire traduisant l'activation du métabolisme cellulaire. Celle-ci peut être corrélée à la libération de molécules de défenses (H2O2 et NO). L'exposition de macrophages à 0,5 ppm d'ozone conduit donc à une perte de mobilité et à l'activation des systèmes de protection de la cellul

    Comparison of two bacterial DNA extraction methods from non-polluted and polluted soils

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    Composition of root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu

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    Rate of root exudation and identification of selected compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus in the autumnal period of growth was performed. Total organic carbon of root exudates was formed from 7.8 % by carbohydrates and from 1.5 % by proteins. Aspartic acid, arginine, alanine and glutamic acid were exuded with the highest rate of all amino acids. This work brings new basic know­led­ge which can be used for phytoremediations

    Differential Production of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide among <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, and <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> Immune-Activated Hemocytes after Exposure to Imidacloprid and Amitraz

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    Invertebrates have a diverse immune system that responds differently to stressors such as pesticides and pathogens, which leads to different degrees of susceptibility. Honeybees are facing a phenomenon called colony collapse disorder which is attributed to several factors including pesticides and pathogens. We applied an in vitro approach to assess the response of immune-activated hemocytes from Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster and Mamestra brassicae after exposure to imidacloprid and amitraz. Hemocytes were exposed to the pesticides in single and co-exposures using zymosan A for immune activation. We measured the effect of these exposures on cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production from 15 to 120 min and on extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production after 3 h to assess potential alterations in the oxidative response. Our results indicate that NO and H2O2 production is more altered in honeybee hemocytes compared to D. melanogaster and M. brassicae cell lines. There is also a differential production at different time points after pesticide exposure between these insect species as contrasting effects were evident with the oxidative responses in hemocytes. The results imply that imidacloprid and amitraz act differently on the immune response among insect orders and may render honeybee colonies more susceptible to infection and pests
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