Accelerating convergence of a Separable Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm

We analyze the numerical behaviour of a separable Augmented Lagrangian algorithm with multiple scaling parameters, different parameters associated with each dualized coupling constraint as well as with each subproblem. We show that an optimal superlinear rate of convergence can be theoretically attained in the twice differentiable case and propose an adaptive scaling strategy with the same ideal convergence properties. Numerical tests performed on quadratic programs confirm that Adaptive Global Scaling subsumes former scaling strategies with one or many parameters

Influence des facteurs abiotiques sur les vecteurs de dracunculose

La partie centrale du Bénin est connue pour être propice à la transmission de la dracunculose, probablement en raison des conditions particulières du milieu naturel de cette région. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, une étude visant à corréler la densité des Cyclopides hôtes intermédiaires de #D. #mendinensis avec les variables chimiques et physico-chimiques du milieu aquatique (température, pH, oxygène dissous, conductivité, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnésium, chlorures, carbonates et silice) a été menée dans 53 points d'eau infectieux. A part quelques réserves concernant la température, les paramètres étudiés ne présentent aucune corrélation évidente avec la densité de Cyclopides, du moins lorsque les facteurs sont considérés isolément. En revanche, grâce à l'intégration de différentes composantes du milieu aquatique permettant d'identifier le minéral en équilibre chimique avec ces eaux, les auteurs on pu montrer que les eaux de la plupart des sites choisis sont en équilibre avec des argiles voisines des Montmorillonites, regroupées sous le terme général de Smectites. Ces types argileux résultent souvent de processus de pédogénèse, conditionnés par le contexte géologique et le mode de drainage. L'interprétation de certains traits du paysage permettrait de prévoir les points d'eau à haut risque de transmission. (Résumé d'auteur

Effects of optic flow when spontaneouly accelerating towards the walk-to-run transition

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Generalized God-Objects: a Paradigm for Interacting with Physically-Based Virtual World

International audienceIn this paper, we show a method to interact with physically-based environments in a way which guarantee their integrity whatever the mechanical properties of the virtual interaction tool and the control device. It consists in an extension of the god-object concept. The interaction tools are modeled as physical bodies which tend to reach, if possible, the position maintained by the user. Their behavior is computed via the dynamic laws of motion by the simulation engine, as the other bodies in the scene. The cases of articulated rigid bodies and deformable bodies are studied. This mechanism also provides a unified framework which allows the control of virtual objects via devices providing force feedback or not. Finally, some applications including virtual surgery are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach

Adaptive resolution of 1D mechanical B-spline

International audienceThis article presents an adaptive approach to B-spline curve physical simulation. We combine geometric refinement and coarsening techniques with an appropriate continuous mechanical model. We thus deal with the (temporal and geometric) continuity issues implied when mechanical adaptive resolution is used. To achieve real-time local adaptation of spline curves, some criteria and optimizations are shown. Among application examples, real-time knot tying is presented, and curve cutting is also pointed out as a nice sideeffect of the adaptive resolution animation framework

Smooth constraints for spline variational modeling

International audienceThis article introduces a new class of constraints for spline variational modeling, which allows more flexible user specification, as a constrained point can `slide' along a spline curve. Such constraints can, for example, be used to preserve correct parameterization of the spline curve. The spline surface case is also studied. Efficient numerical schemes are discussed for real-time solving, as well as interactive visualization during the energy minimization process. Examples are shown, and numerical results discussed

Microgynous Queens in the Paleartic Ant, Manica rubida: Dispersal Morphs or Social Parasites?

In many ant species, queen size is dimorphic, with small microgynes and large macrogynes, which differ, for example, in size, insemination rate, ovary development, and dispersal tactics. These polymorphic queens often correspond with alternative reproductive strategies. The Palearctic ant, Manica rubida (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), lives mostly in mountainous regions in either monogynous colonies, containing one macrogynous queen or polygynous colonies, containing a few large macrogynous queens. In 1998, a colony of M. rubida was discovered containing macrogynes and many small alate microgynes that did not engage in a nuptial flight but, instead, stayed in the home nest the following winter. These microgynes were studied more closely by investigating their size, behavior, and spermatheca in relation to M. rubida macrogynes and workers. Mitochondrial DNA of macrogynes, microgynes and workers from four nests was sequenced to detect possible genetic differences between them. The microgynes were significantly smaller than the macrogynes, and the head width of the gynes was completely bimodal. The microgynes behaved like workers of the macrogynes in every experiment tested. Furthermore, the microgynes had a normal spermatheca and could be fecundated, but rarely (only one in several years). Finally, all the individuals were genetically identical, except three workers that differed by only one codon position. Because these microgynes have features of both queens and workers, their functional significance in the colony is not yet clear

Examining the validity of the total dwell time of eye fixations to identify landmarks in a building

It is uncertain to what extent the duration of eye fixations reflects the use of landmarks during navigation. Therefore, a study was conducted in which eye tracking data and route descriptions were collected of 23 participants who were highly familiar with the indoor test environment. Based on the total fixation time on different landmark categories, two measures were calculated, namely the calculated landmark category use and the probable landmark category use. Based on the ratio between these measures an object was considered to be a landmark or not. The results were then compared with the objects referenced to in written route instructions. It can be concluded that promising results were provided by this method to identify landmarks. This landmark identification criterion strongly reflected the landmarks that came forward in the written route instructions. However, issues related to the identification of structural landmarks remain a problem