AN ANALYSIS OF BOC EXAM FIRST-ATTEMPT PASS RATES IN ATHLETIC TRAINING PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMS

When assessing athletic training professional programs (PPs) today, the main goal of the program is to prepare students to join the healthcare profession as certified athletic trainers. The elimination of the internship route-to-certification in 2004, meant in order to sit for the Board of Certification examination (BOC exam), a student had to complete an undergraduate professional program (UPP) or graduate professional program (GPP). Since this change, there has been minimal research looking at the characteristic differences between UPPs and GPPs. There has also been little research comparing BOC exam pass rates between candidates from these two types of PPs. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was 1) to determine how BOC exam first-attempt pass rates compare between UPPs and GPPs; and 2) to determine what personnel differences exist between UPP and GPP’s program directors (PDs), faculty, and athletic training students. We used entire population, 365 PP (338 UPPs and 27 GPPs), to compare BOC exam first-attempt pass rates between UPPs and GPPs. We also collected 3-year aggregated BOC exam first-attempt pass rates for all PP from the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) website. We used the Athletic Training Program and Program Director Survey (ATPPDS) to collect the PP personnel data. 133 program directors (66 females, 67 males; 121 UPPs, 12 GPPs; 36% response rate) from each of the ten NATA districts (districts 1-10 respectively: 5, 13, 22, 28, 15, 6, 6, 9, 22, 7) completed the ATPPDS. The ATPPDS was a web-based survey (Qualtrics.com), comprised of 26 questions (12 multiple choice—select single answer, 2 multiple choice—select all answers that apply, and 12 fill-in answer). Data was collected during two separate, four-week periods allowing more opportunities for the PDs to complete the survey. We predicted there would be a significant difference between UPPs and GPPs for 1) BOC exam first-attempt pass rates; 2) program director characteristics; 3) faculty When assessing athletic training professional programs (PPs) today, the main goal of the program is to prepare students to join the healthcare profession as certified athletic trainers. The elimination of the internship route-to-certification in 2004, meant in order to sit for the Board of Certification examination (BOC exam), a student had to complete an undergraduate professional program (UPP) or graduate professional program (GPP). Since this change, there has been minimal research looking at the characteristic differences between UPPs and GPPs. There has also been little research comparing BOC exam pass rates between candidates from these two types of PPs. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was 1) to determine how BOC exam first-attempt pass rates compare between UPPs and GPPs; and 2) to determine what personnel differences exist between UPP and GPP’s program directors (PDs), faculty, and athletic training students. We used entire population, 365 PP (338 UPPs and 27 GPPs), to compare BOC exam first-attempt pass rates between UPPs and GPPs. We also collected 3-year aggregated BOC exam first-attempt pass rates for all PP from the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) website. We used the Athletic Training Program and Program Director Survey (ATPPDS) to collect the PP personnel data. 133 program directors (66 females, 67 males; 121 UPPs, 12 GPPs; 36% response rate) from each of the ten NATA districts (districts 1-10 respectively: 5, 13, 22, 28, 15, 6, 6, 9, 22, 7) completed the ATPPDS. The ATPPDS was a web-based survey (Qualtrics.com), comprised of 26 questions (12 multiple choice—select single answer, 2 multiple choice—select all answers that apply, and 12 fill-in answer). Data was collected during two separate, four-week periods allowing more opportunities for the PDs to complete the survey. We predicted there would be a significant difference between UPPs and GPPs for 1) BOC exam first-attempt pass rates; 2) program director characteristics; 3) faculty characteristics; and 4) athletic training students characteristics. An independent t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the UPPs and GPPs’ BOC exam first-attempt pass rates. GPPs had a higher aggregated pass rate (t(38)=-3.88, p=.01). We identified no significant differences for PD characteristics for education-levels (p=.08) and PD route-to- certification (p=.64) between UPPs and GPPs. We found that 60% of the PDs from UPPs had a terminal degree compared to 83% of the PDs from GPPs. The route-to-certification results that fifty-one percent of UPP PDs and 58% of GPP PDs obtained their credential from the internship route-to-certification. We identified no significant difference between UPPs and GPPs in regards to the number of full time faculty, the number of adjunct faculty with no clinical responsibility, and the number of adjunct faculty with clinical responsibility. We identified a significant difference between UPPs and GPPs for the number of athletic training students in the program (t(131)=2.31, p=.02) and graduating cohort average GPA (t(113)=-4.55, p=.01). We identified no significant difference for the graduating cohort size (t(131)=.464, p=.64). When students pass the BOC exam it means they are prepared to enter the profession as entry-level athletic trainers. Based on the single element that GPPs had a larger percentage of students passing the BOC exam on the first-attempt, these students were better prepared to pass the BOC exam and better prepared to enter the profession. This finding should provide support to the current education reform discussions on whether GPPs should be the sole route-to-certification for the athletic training profession.Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Sciences in Kinesiology in the Department of Kinesiology of Indiana University May 201

A Critique of an Evaluation of the Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program That Was Conducted by the Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice

The Flint Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program has been an attempt to involve citizens in the quest to reduce crime, and make people feel better about the community they live in. The program has been evaluated by the Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice, with the results being a highly successful program. This paper will critique the Michigan State University evaluation, with the intent of showing any weaknesses that may have occurred during the evaluation.Master of Public AdministrationPublic AdministrationUniversity of Michigan-Flinthttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143488/1/Phegley.pd

Sensationalism made real : the role of realism in the production of sensational affect

Like all complicated relationships, that between realism and sensationalism has been subject to a good deal of rumour and speculation. In what might be described as the pair's first critical encounter – in an 1852 joint review of W. M. Thackeray's The History of Henry Esmond and Wilkie Collins's proto-sensation novel Basil – a critic for Bentley's Miscellany intimates that a partnership between two such different forms is anything but likely. “We have,” he explains, “put these two books ‘over against’ each other, to use one of Mr. Thackeray's favourite Queen-Anne-isms, because they have no kind of family resemblance. They are, indeed, as unlike each other as any two books can be. They constitute a kind of literary antithesis” (“Esmond” 576). The inherently contradictory nature of this originary “over against” gesture – conflating proximity and distance, contiguity and difference – sets the keynote for subsequent discussions, contemporaneous and current, of a generic relationship that continues to attract and elude definition

“THE FASHIONS OF THE CURRENT SEASON”: RECENT CRITICAL WORK ON VICTORIAN SENSATION FICTION

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Victorian Literature and Culture and the definitive published version is available at https://doi.org/10.1017/S106015031600072

Consequences of Fatigue and Sleep Deficiency in the Workplace: Implications for the Construction Industry

Background: This study was a review of the (1) consequences that fatigue and sleep deficiency have on the human body, personal safety and safety in the workplace with implications for the construction industry; and (2) factors in the workplace that contribute to worker fatigue. Methods: A systematic search and review of peer-reviewed articles and gray literature was conducted for sources describing common industry policies, standards and/or recommendations addressing sleep related problems in the workplace. Results: The contributing factors of fatigue include work-related mental exertion, sleep deficiency and work-related physical exertion. Major work-related effects stem from circadian rhythm disruptions due to shift work, extensive overtime and extended work hours. Recommendations: Sleep issues in the workplace have been studied for years, yet only a few key industries have implemented policies to control the fatigue-related problems workers face. The reoccurring countermeasures identified in this search and review include: workers naps and breaks; work place policies for length of shifts, overtime and work schedules; education to sleep management to improve sleep practices for labor force and management; and fatigue risk management systems

Library Cafe Interview: Jennifer Phegley

Interview with Thomas Hill . The Library Cafe, Vassar College Radio, WVKR.Jennifer Phegley, literary historian and professor of English at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, discusses her book: Educating the Proper Woman Reader: Victorian Family Literary Magazines and the Cultural Health of the Nation, published by the Ohio State University Press

Terrestrial evolution

Terrestrial Evolution focuses on the destruction of the natural environment by manmade obstructions such as housing developments, strip malls, roads, telephone lines, and utility poles. Each of the paintings address one or more of these aspects of development and communicates ideas of detachment from this seemingly endless process of building. Color, surface texture, composition, and visual imagery were all carefully thought out and planned parts of a complicated process for the communication of ideas on this particular subject matter.My hometown of Carmel, Indiana has been experiencing massive environmental change over the past ten years. Large housing editions and strip malls have been built to accommodate the influx of people moving to this northern suburb of Indianapolis. Land is being sold, bought, zoned, and covered with quickly built homes and strip malls. Once this suburban sprawl has begun, will it stop? How much of the environmental damage it has contributed is reversible?Terrestrial Evolution represents a very personal and visual response to the contemporary state of Carmel's woodlands, wetlands, and wildlife, which are being sacrificed for manmade development.Thesis (M.A.)Department of Ar