広南阮氏の首府とフエ文化と中部ベトナム文化形成過程

VĂN HÓA - LỊCH SỬ HUẾ QUA GÓC NHÌN LÀNG XÃ PHỤ CẬN VÀ QUAN HỆ VỚI BÊN NGOÀI Session 3: Văn hoá - lịch sử Huế trong mối quan hệ với bên ngoài　フエの文化と歴史：周辺集落と外部との関係からの視点より　Session 3: Culture - history of Hue in relationship with the outside regions　外との関係におけるフエの歴史・文

In-situ characterization of self-assembled organic layers at anion modified metal/electrolyte interfaces

The self-assembly of molecular layers has become an important strategy in modern design of functional materials. The sheer unlimited “design” of the properties of the organic molecules and their well controlled deposition on suitable substrates can lead to functional surfaces with broad applications as catalysts in the field of “green energy”, as devices in state-of-the-art electronics, as sensors and collectors or emitters of light etc. to name only a few. This has motivated surface scientists to apply their broad arsenal of high resolution techniques to investigate the growth mechanisms and collective properties of organic films in order to lay the basis for a rational design of their functionality. However, in particular, large organic molecules may no longer be sufficiently volatile to be deposited by vapor deposition. In this case, deposition from solution may be a promising route; in ionic form, these molecules may even be soluble in water. In this dissertation, results on the adsorption and self-assembly of phthalocyanine-, porphyrin- and viologen molecules as well as the competitive co-adsorption of the latter in cationic form from aqueous acidic solutions are presented and discussed. The resultant structures on anion-modified Cu(100) and Cu(111) single crystal electrode surfaces as well as structural transitions as a function of the electrochemical potential have been studied in situ, i.e. in solution, by cyclic voltametry (CV) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) as well as by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In all cases the molecular cations spontaneously form well ordered monolayers whose structure depends on the symmetry of the metal substrate, i.e. Cu(100) and Cu(111), the preadsorbed anion layers, i.e. chloride, bromide, iodide and sulfate, as well as on the applied electrode potential. The resultant structures, imaged with submolecular resolution by in situ STM, are clearly correlated with the redox state of the molecules as indicated by CV and verified by XPS. As a result, detailed structure models are derived and are discussed in terms of the prevailing interactions

Hepatoprotective effect of Phytosome Curcumin against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in mice

Curcuma longa, which contains curcumin as a major constituent, has been shown many pharmacological effects, but it is limited using in clinical due to low bioavailability. In this study, we developed a phytosome curcumin formulation and evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of phytosome curcumin on paracetamol induced liver damage in mice. Phytosome curcumin (equivalent to curcumin 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and curcumin (200 mg/kg body weight) were given by gastrically and toxicity was induced by paracetamol (500 mg/kg) during 7 days. On the final day animals were sacrificed and liver function markers (ALT, AST), hepatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) and lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate were estimated. Our data showed that phytosome has stronger hepatoprotective effect compared to curcumin-free. Administration of phytosome curcumin effectively suppressed paracetamol-induced liver injury evidenced by a reduction of lipid peroxidation level, and elevated enzymatic antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in mice liver tissue. Our study suggests that phytosome curcumin has strong antioxidant activity and potential hepatoprotective effects

Debt maturity and corporate R&D investment – the empirical study of US listed firms

This study investigates the relationships between debt maturity structure and corporation R&D investment. Using a large sample of US listed firms over the period of 1995 to 2015, it was found that the use of bank debt positively influences R&D investment, whereas the use of public debt exerts a negative impact. However, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) mitigates the information asymmetry such that the advantages of private information from banks shrunk. As a result, public debtholders benefit more from the SOX and turn out to be positively influenced by the R&D investment after SOX. Moreover, bank debt impact on R&D spending reduces over the post-SOX. The results also find that the SOX influences the debt maturity on corporate R&D investment only for large corporations, the effects remain unchanged for small businesses

A bibliometric analysis of research on trade remedies

This study aims to explore the research landscape and identify the main research directions related to the topic of trade remedies. The research data were collected by accessing the Scopus database with 289 documents and the WoS database with 75 documents published from 1950 to 2023. After processing the data overlap, 290 documents were used as the final sample for the study. The study employed descriptive statistical analysis; bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer 1.6.20 software. The results indicate that publications on the topic of trade remedies have been relatively scarce, but diverse research has been conducted in various countries worldwide. The period from 2007 to 2023 has seen significant development in the quantity of both articles and citations related to the topic. Additionally, the study reveals three main research directions related to the development of different aspects of trade remedies. These include research on specific measures of trade remedies (anti-dumping, countervailing measures, safeguard measures, and reactive and preventive trade defense measures), research on the use of tariffs as a tool for implementing trade remedies in the field of renewable energy, and research on resolving international trade disputes in the agricultural sector. AcknowledgmentThis collaborative research involves scholars from the University of Law – Hue University and Duy Tan University. The authors extend their gratitude to both institutions for their support and assistance in facilitating the publication of this research.&nbsp

STATE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS ON MARINE RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT OF SOME COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE FOR VIETNAM

The state management institution for marine and island resources and environment plays a very important role. It guides, regulates, and protects marine and island resources. This state management institution aims to protect national interests, ensure sustainable economic development activities, and protect the environment and national security. The objective of the study is to find experiences in building state management institutions for marine and island resources and the environment of some countries in the world, including Japan, Korea, China, Philippines, and Australia. The study analyzed the management models, organizational structures, policies, and legal tools that these countries use to sustainably manage marine resources. The study proposed a model for Vietnam. It emphasized the importance of building an effective marine management institution, the need for coordination between state agencies, and the participation of the community and businesses. In addition, the article also recommends that Vietnam needs to improve the legal and policy framework, strengthen the management capacity of state agencies, and promote international cooperation in this field.  Article visualizations

CAPACITY BUILDING FOR CIVIL SERVANTS AND STATE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS OF VIETNAM'S SEAS AND ISLANDS

Vietnam's seas and islands greatly influence political and legal life for national, regional, and international development in history, present, and future. The article analyzes the need and importance of capacity building for civil servants and state management organizations on seas and islands in the context of developing the marine economy and protecting Vietnam's sea and island sovereignty. With a long coastline and a rich island system, Vietnam is facing many challenges from resource exploitation, and climate change to national security and defense issues. The article discusses the current status of the sea and island management capacity of civil servants, officials, and related organizations, including limitations in expertise, management skills, and the ability to respond to complex situations. The article also proposes strategic solutions to improve management capacity through training, professional development, enhanced international cooperation, and application of modern technology in sea and island management. The article emphasizes that improving the capacity of civil servants and state management organizations is the key to effectively implementing policies for sustainable marine economic development and protecting national maritime interests, making an important contribution to the comprehensive development of Vietnam.  Article visualizations

Mediating effects of risk perception and management attitude toward the intention to implement trade remedies: A case study in Vietnam

Trade defense measures are tools that governments use to balance protecting domestic industries and ensuring that trade remains fair and open. Yet, their use requires careful consideration of their potential impacts on trade relations and the broader economy. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of trade defense measures on the intentions of import-export businesses in Vietnam with the mediating effect of managers’ risk perceptions and management attitudes in the Vietnamese market. Data were collected from 793 managers representing import-export businesses through the Vietnam Customs Department. Using the PLS-SEM model, the study finds that trade defense measures, such as anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, and safeguard measures stipulated by foreign trade laws, influence the intention of businesses to implement them. This influence is mediated by risk perception and management attitude. Contrary to expectations, the content of trade defense measures has a reverse effect on businesses’ risk perception. This suggests that, from the perspective of import-export businesses, the perception of risk is not significantly affected by these measures in their transactions. This risk perception also has a reverse impact on the attitude of business managers. Furthermore, the study shows that the content of trade defense measures has an opposing effect on the risk perception of businesses. In other words, trade defense measures in business transactions do not significantly influence risk perception. These findings have important implications for policy development to enhance Vietnam’s foreign trade management system and valuable management suggestions for import-export business managers in the future. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief and a reviewer for their helpful comments that, in our view, have helped significantly improve the quality of the manuscript

Study of Self-diffusion in GaAs Crystal: Temperature Dependence

The self-diffusion of Ga and As atoms in GaAs crystal with the zince-blende structure (ZnS) is investigated by using the statistical moment method (SMM). The activation energy $(Q)$, diffusion coefficient $(D)$, and pre-exponential factor ($D_0$) are expressed by analytical closed expressions. The present analytical formulas are including the anharmonic effects of the lattice vibrations. The obtained results  are applied to GaAs crystal and the SMM calculations of $Q, D$ and $D_0$  are in agreement with the experimental data

In silico extension on the antidiabetic potential of Euonymus laxiflorus natural compounds onto the inhibitability against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B

Euonymus laxiflorus bioactive compounds 1-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzene (1), Walterolactone A/B β-D-pyranoglucoside (2), Gallocatechin (3), Leonuriside A (4), Methyl galloate (5), and Catechin (6) were experimentally evidenced for their multi-inhibition against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In this work, they were subjected to a combination of computational platforms on tyrosine phosphatase 1B (UniProtKB-PTP1B). As the results, the overall potentiality for bio-inhibitory applications is primarily evaluated by the order: 1 (DSaverage -12.2 kcal.mol-1; polarisability 45.5 Å; no toxicity; ground-state energy -1222.73 a.u.; dipole moment 0.989 Debye) > 2 (DSaverage -9.7 kcal.mol-1; polarisability 39.4 Å; no toxicity; ground-state energy -1070.08 a.u.; dipole moment 6.726 Debye) > 4 (DSaverage -9.1 kcal.mol-1; polarisability 45.1 Å; no toxicity; ground-state energy -1222.73 a.u.; dipole moment 4.895 Debye). Altogether, the retrievals encourage further attempts to test the inhibitory effects of 2 against tyrosine phosphatase 1B and improve the dipole moment of 1 to enhance its biological applicability