9,811 research outputs found
Effective Lagrangian for Two-photon and Two-gluon Decays of -wave Heavy Quarkonium and states
In the traditional non-relativistic bound state calculation, the two-photon
decay amplitudes of the -wave and states depend
on the derivative of the wave function at the origin which can only be obtained
from potential models. However by neglecting the relative quark momenta, the
decay amplitude can be written as the matrix element of a local heavy quark
field operator which could be obtained from other processes or computed with
QCD sum rules technique or lattice simulation. Following the same line as in
recent work for the two-photon decays of the -wave and
quarkonia, we show that the effective Lagrangian for the two-photon decays of
the -wave and is given by the heavy quark
energy-momentum tensor local operator or its trace, the scalar
density and that the expression for two-photon and two-gluon decay
rate is given by the decay constant and is similar to that of
which is given by . From the existing QCD sum rules
value for , we get for the two-photon
width, somewhat larger than measurement, but possibly with large uncertainties.Comment: v3, LaTeX, 5 pages, 1 figure, minor typos corrected, to appear in
Physical Review
Relationship Between Obesity and Periodontal Status in Vietnamese Patients
This study aims to investigate periodontal status, and the relationship between obesity and periodontal status in patients who first visited the Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 118 patients aged 18 or older, including 56 obese subjects (BMI≥27.5, mean age: 33.8, males: 11, females: 45) and 62 non-obese subjects (BMI<27.5, mean age: 34.3, males: 4, females: 58) were enrolled for a period of 5 months from February 2014 to June 2014. The information on socio-demographic characteristics and dental habits were collected by questionnaire. Periodontal status (PLI, GI, BOP, PD, CAL) was examined and the anthropometric index was measured. There was significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis (39.3%) in the obese group than the non-obese group (16.4%). Means of GI, BOP, PD, and CAL in obese subjects were significantly higher than those in non-obese subjects. Significantly higher percentages of subjects who had lower education, visited dental offices, scaled and polished their teeth regularly were in the non-obese group than in the obese group. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (OR=3.10), routine of dental visit (OR=3.34) and obesity (OR=2.79) were risk factors significantly related to periodontitis. Periodontal status in obese subjects was poorer than non-obese subjects. Obesity might be the risk factor for periodontitis in Vietnamese patients
Charmless Final State Interaction in B-> pi pi decays
We estimate effects of the final state interactions in B -> pi pi decays
coming from rescattering of pi pi via exchange of rho, sigma, f_0 mesons. Then
we include the rho rho rescattering via exchange of pi, omega, a_1 mesons and
finally we consider contributions of the a_1 pi rescattering via exchange of
rho. The absorptive parts of amplitudes for these processes are determined. In
the case of pi^+ pi^- decay mode, due to model uncertainties, the calculated
contribution is |M_A| =< 1.7 x 10^-8 GeV. This produces a small relative strong
phase for the tree and color-suppressed B -> pi pi amplitudes consistent with
the result of a recent phenomenological analysis based on the BaBar and Belle
results for the B -> pi pi branching ratios and CP asymmetries.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Chiral Anomaly Effects and the BaBar Measurements of the Transition Form Factor
The recent BaBar measurements of the transition
form factor show spectacular deviation from perturbative QCD prediction for
large space-like up to . When plotted against ,
shows steady increase with in contrast with the flat
behavior predicted by perturbative QCD, and at is
more than 50% larger than the QCD prediction. Stimulated by the BaBar
measurements, we revisit our previous paper on the cancellation of anomaly
effects in high energy processes , and apply our results to the
transition form factor measured in the
process with one highly virtual photon. We find that, the transition form
factor behaves as and produces a striking agreement with the BaBar data
for with which also reproduces very well the
CLEO data at lower .Comment: v4, LaTeX, 8 pages, one figure, minor changes(references), to appear
in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
The economics of land fragmentation in the north of Vietnam
Land fragmentation, where a single farm has a number of parcels of land, is a common feature of agriculture in many countries, especially in developing countries. In Vietnam, land fragmentation is common, especially in the north. For the whole country, there are about 75 million parcels of land, an average of seven to eight plots per farm household. Such fragmentation can be seen to have negative and positive benefits for farm households and the community generally. Comparative statics analysis and analysis of survey data have led to the conclusion that small-sized farms are likely to be more fragmented, and that fragmentation had a negative impact on crop productivity and increased family labour use and other money expenses. Policies which allow the appropriate opportunity cost of labour to be reflected at the farm level may provide appropriate incentives to trigger farm size change and land consolidation. Policies which tip the benefits in favour of fewer and larger plots, such as strong and effective research and development, an active extension system and strong administrative management, may also lead to land consolidation.development economics, land fragmentation, land use and tenure, production economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
The economics of land fragmentation in the north of Vietnam
Land fragmentation, in which a single farm household operates more than one separate piece of land, is significant issue in Vietnamese agriculture, especially in the North. For the whole country, there are about 75 million plots of land, an average of 7-8 plots per farm household. Such fragmentation can be seen to have negative and positive benefits for farm households and the community generally. The negative impacts can be reduced mechanisation, higher cost, loss of land due to boundaries, increased negative externalities, and more limited application of new technologies. On the other hand, land fragmentation may have some benefits to farmers such as spreading output risk, seasonal labour use, and crop diversification. Comparative static analysis and analysis of survey data have led to the conclusion that small sized farms are likely to be more fragmented and the number of plots held by a household is not a significant determinant of yield and output risk spreading but is a significant factor in crop diversification. Policies which allow the appropriate opportunity cost of labour to be reflected at the farm level may provide appropriate incentives to trigger farm size change and land consolidation. Policies which tip the benefits in favour of fewer and larger plots such as strong and effective research and development, an active extension system and strong administrative management may also lead to land consolidation and thus allow some of the benefits which will accrue to the economy more generally to be obtained by farmers.Land Economics/Use,
Phase diagram analysis of noise-induced transition in an autocatalytic reaction
We present the analysis of the genetic model of autocatalytic chemical reactions proposed by Arnold et al. This model, when subjected to multiplicative white noise modelling environmental fluctuations, can undergo a sudden change from a unimodal state to a bimodal one, while no such transition occurs if the noise is absent. Here, this noise-induced transition is studied analytically by investigating the so-called critical surface in the three-dimensional parameter spac
Two-photon decay of pseudoscalar quarkonia
We report on our recent evaluation of the two-photon width of the
pseudoscalar quarkonia, eta_c(nS) and eta_b(nS) in an approach based on
Heavy-Quark Spin Symmetry (HQSS). To what concerns the 1S state eta_c, our
parameter-free computation agrees with experiments, as well as most of other
theoretical works. On the other hand, our computation for the 2S-state looks 2S
like a confirmation that there may exist an anomaly related to the decay of
eta_c(2S), especially in the light of the new preliminary result of the Belle
collaboration. We also point out that the essentially model-independent ratio
of eta_b two-photon width to the Upsilon leptonic width and the eta_b
two-photon width could be used to extract the strong coupling constant alpha_s.Comment: Presented by T.N. Pham at the Joint Meeting
Heidelberg-Liege-Paris-Wroclaw (HLPW08), Spa, Belgium, 6-8 March 2008, 9
pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, uses aip-6s.clo, aipproc.cls and aipxfm.sty
(included
When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs
Tree frogs need to adhere to surfaces of various roughnesses in their natural habitats; these include bark, leaves and rocks. Rough
surfaces can alter the effectiveness of their toe pads, due to factors such as a change of real contact area and abrasion of the pad
epithelium. Here, we tested the effect of surface roughness on the attachment abilities of the tree frog Litoria caerulea. This was
done by testing shear and adhesive forces on artificial surfaces with controlled roughness, both on single toe pads and whole animal
scales. It was shown that frogs can stick 2–3 times better on small scale roughnesses (3–6 µm asperities), producing higher adhesive
and frictional forces, but relatively poorly on the larger scale roughnesses tested (58.5–562.5 µm asperities). Our experiments
suggested that, on such surfaces, the pads secrete insufficient fluid to fill the space under the pad, leaving air pockets that would
significantly reduce the Laplace pressure component of capillarity. Therefore, we measured how well the adhesive toe pad would
conform to spherical asperities of known sizes using interference reflection microscopy. Based on experiments where the conformation
of the pad to individual asperities was examined microscopically, our calculations indicate that the pad epithelium has a low
elastic modulus, making it highly deformable
The Distribution of Dengue Virus Serotype in Quang Nam Province (Vietnam) during the Outbreak in 2018
Objectives: Quang Nam province in the Centre of Vietnam has faced an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in 2018. Although DHF is a recurrent disease in this area, no epidemiological and microbiological reports on dengue virus serotypes have been conducted mainly due to lack of facilities for such a kind of advanced surveillance. The aim of this study was to detect different dengue virus serotypes in patients’ blood samples. Design and Methods: Suspected cases living in Quang Nam province (Vietnam) and presenting clinical and hematological signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever were included in the study. The screening was performed, and the results were compared by using two methodologies: RT real-time PCR (RT-rPCR) and the Dengue NS1 rapid test. Results: From December 2018 to February 2019, looking both at RT-rPCR [+] and NS1 [+] methodologies, a total of 488 patients were screened and 336 were positive for dengue virus detection (74 children and 262 adults); 273 of these patients (81.3%) underwent viral serotype identification as follows: 12.82% (35/273) D1 serotype, 17.95% (49/273) D2, 0.37% (1/273) D3, 68.50 (187/283) D4, and 0.37% (1/273) D2+D4 serotypes. The RT-rPCR outcomes showed higher sensitivity during the first three days of infection compared to NS1 (92.3% vs. 89.7%). The NS1 increased sensitivity after the first 3 days whilst the RT-rPCR decreased. Conclusions: Advanced surveillance with dengue virus serotypes identification, if performed routinely, may help to predict and prevent further DHF epidemics based on the exposure of the different serotypes during different periods that lead to the intensification of disease severity as a consequence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)
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