Esport, gènere i etnicitat. El cas de les dones immigrants

Aquest article se centra en el paper de les activitats esportives en la vida dels immigrants d’origen islàmic. Es posa especial èmfasi en les oportunitats i problemes a què s’enfronten les dones immigrants als països occidentals, i també en les activitats físiques que desenvolupen. Prenent Alemanya com a exemple, s’analitza i interpreta el grau d’implicació dels immigrants en l’esport, en relació amb les seves creences religioses i les seves condicions de vida. A la segona part de l’article s’hi presenten i es comenten, en el context dels enfocaments teòrics, les raons per les quals els immigrants practiquen o no esport. Les interdependències del gènere, l’esport i el grup ètnic s’interpreten des del punt de vista dels estudis culturals. A més a més, s’utilitzen les teories constructivistes i els enfocaments de Norbert Elias i Pierre Bourdieu per explicar les orientacions, actituds i patrons de conducta dels immigrants. Hem tingut en compte que la situació dels immigrants és extremadament variada i que utilitzen estratègies molt diferents per tal de “funcionar” dintre del corrent dominant de la societat. Això últim es comprova en diversos casos estudiats sobre noies i la seva actitud envers l’esport. L’article acaba amb un comentari sobre les possibilitats i estratègies perquè augmenti el compromís amb l’esport per part de les noies i les dones d’origen immigrant

Deporte, género y etnicidad. El caso de las mujeres inmigrantes

Este artículo se centra en el papel de las actividades deportivas en la vida de los inmigrantes de origen islámico. Se pone especial énfasis en las oportunidades y problemas a las que se enfrentan las mujeres inmigrantes en los países occidentales, así como en las actividades físicas que desarrollan. Tomando Alemania como ejemplo, se analiza e interpreta el grado de implicación de los inmigrantes en el deporte, en relación con sus creencias religiosas y sus condiciones de vida. En la segunda parte del artículo se presentan y comentan, en el contexto de los enfoques teóricos, las razones por las que los inmigrantes practican o no deporte. Las interdependencias del género, el deporte y el grupo étnico se interpretan desde el punto de vista de los estudios culturales. Además, se utilizan las teorías constructivistas y los enfoques de Norbert Elias y Pierre Bourdieu para explicar las orientaciones, actitudes y patrones de comportamiento de los inmigrantes. Se ha tenido en cuenta el hecho de que la situación de los inmigrantes es extremadamente variada y que utilizan muy diferentes estrategias para “funcionar” dentro de la corriente dominante de la sociedad. Esto último se comprueba en varios casos estudiados sobre chicas y su actitud hacia el deporte. Este artículo finaliza con un comentario sobre las posibilidades y estrategias para que aumente el compromiso con el deporte por parte de las chicas y mujeres de origen inmigrante

Women and sport in Islamic countries

Artiklen udforsker, hvis og hvordan vestlige sport diskurser og praksisser kan bidrage til kvinders udvikling i islamiske lande. Muligheder og barrierer, de Islamske kvinder står over for i sporten belyses

Activités physiques, santé et construction des différences de genre en Allemagne

À partir d’une approche constructiviste, cet article analyse la signification sociale, la présentation et la reproduction du corps, des cultures du mouvement, du genre et de la santé. Il éclaire les considérables transformations que connaît la construction des corps aux différentes périodes ainsi que le rôle de la médecine dans la détection des corps genrés depuis le xviiie siècle. L’attention est tout particulièrement attirée sur le développement des diverses cultures du mouvement et leur impact sur les idéaux et normes de genre, ainsi que sur les discours médicaux relatifs à la participation des femmes à ces cultures. Avec ses principes de compétitions et de records, le sport moderne présente des opportunités de confirmer ou de défier l’ordre du genre. Le sport est un produit et un moteur de la société de la réussite moderne, ainsi qu’un espace où les différences corporelles, les différences de genre et le genre dans son ensemble sont re/produits et affichés. La médecine sportive apprend aux femmes à être le sexe faible et aux hommes à être le sexe fort. Comme ses discours le montrent, le sport semble moins procurer des bénéfices qu’attiser les dangers pour le corps et la santé des femmes. Néanmoins, aujourd’hui, le sport se présente aussi comme une opportunité pour déconstruire le genre.On the basis of a constructivist approach, this article offers insights into the social meanings, the enactment and the re-production of the body, movement cultures, gender and health. The contribution highlights the considerable changes of body constructions in various historical periods and the role of medicine in the “de-tection” of gendered bodies since the 18th century. A special emphasis is given to the development of the various movement cultures and their impact on gender ideals and gender norms as well as on the medical discourses about women’s participation in the different movement cultures. Chances as well as challenges to the gender order provided especially modern sport with its principles of competition and records. Sport is a product and the motor of modern achievement society and a space where bodily differences, gender differences and gender as a whole are re/produced and presented. Sport medicine constructed women to be the weak and men to be the strong sex. As the discourses of the sport medicine reveal sport seemed to be beneficial but more so dangerous for women’s bodies and health. However, today, sport presents also an opportunity to deconstruct gender and to participate in a degendering process

Olympiske erindringssteder

Konstruktion af erindringssteder og national identitet - OL i 1896 og 1936 bruges som eksempler.Olympic places of remembrance From the beginnings of the modern Olympic games the events themselves have provided material for the construction of remembrances. But so have the edifices, the rituals, the actions and the people associated with them. Staging and message, intention and unconscious association have varied according to the current political situation and contemporary taste, but also according to resources and technological progress. The Olympic games prove themselves here to be adaptable, accommodating themselves as well to the invocation of ancient Greek ideals as to the dramatization of Nazism’s sense of superiority. In selecting remembrance sites, the players involved have to a large extent had a free hand. Anything large, beautiful and elevated, anything which can provide tradition and culture, anything which enhances prestige and is blessed by the legitimate taste of the time can be used. Olympic places of remembrance are glorifications of the past, illusions of eternity and teleological directedness towards their own age all rolled into one. They link an imaginary present with a fictional past. The question of what constitutes the special fascination of the Olympic games has been addressed by MacAloon, who tried to provide an answer with the assistance of a “Theory of Spectacle”. In my opinion, however, the idea of the construction of places of remembrance can also contribute to an improved analysis and interpretation of the Olympic games

Olympiske erindringssteder

Konstruktion af erindringssteder og national identitet - OL i 1896 og 1936 bruges som eksempler.Olympic places of remembrance From the beginnings of the modern Olympic games the events themselves have provided material for the construction of remembrances. But so have the edifices, the rituals, the actions and the people associated with them. Staging and message, intention and unconscious association have varied according to the current political situation and contemporary taste, but also according to resources and technological progress. The Olympic games prove themselves here to be adaptable, accommodating themselves as well to the invocation of ancient Greek ideals as to the dramatization of Nazism’s sense of superiority. In selecting remembrance sites, the players involved have to a large extent had a free hand. Anything large, beautiful and elevated, anything which can provide tradition and culture, anything which enhances prestige and is blessed by the legitimate taste of the time can be used. Olympic places of remembrance are glorifications of the past, illusions of eternity and teleological directedness towards their own age all rolled into one. They link an imaginary present with a fictional past. The question of what constitutes the special fascination of the Olympic games has been addressed by MacAloon, who tried to provide an answer with the assistance of a “Theory of Spectacle”. In my opinion, however, the idea of the construction of places of remembrance can also contribute to an improved analysis and interpretation of the Olympic games

Líderes femininas em organizações esportivas - Tendências mundiais

The objective of the following research is to discuss the female leadership in sport organizations. For that it makes use of an analysis based on quantitative data of some countries with eminence in the sport field (Germany, Denmark, United States and Australia), showing that, in terms of directing posts in sport institutions, women still haven’t reached the same status of men. Having as theoretical reference the studies on gender, the research makes evident that, despite the great advance that women have had in the sports world, when regarding to leadership and directive posts there is still much to overcome.La presente investigación tiene por objetivo discutir el liderazgo femenino en organizaciones deportivas. Para eso recurre a un análisis de datos cuantitativos de algunos países occidentales con comprobado destaque en el campo deportivo (Alemania, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos de América y Australia), subrayando que, en términos de cargos de dirección en instituciones deportivas, las mujeres todavía no lograron el mismo status que los hombres. Teniendo como referencia teórica los estudios de género la investigación pone en relieve que, mismo con el gran avance que las mujeres han tenido en el mundo del deporte, cuando el tema es el liderazgo y los cargos directivos, todavía hay mucho por conquistar.A presente pesquisa objetiva discutir a liderança feminina em organizações esportivas. Para tanto recorre a uma análise a partir de dados quantitativos de alguns países ocidentais com destaque no campo esportivo (Alemanha, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos e Austrália) ressaltando que, em termos de cargos dirigentes em instituições esportivas, as mulheres ainda não alcançaram o mesmo status que os homens. Tendo como referência teórica os estudos de gênero, a pesquisa evidencia que apesar do grande avanço que as mulheres obtiveram no mundo do esporte, quando se refere à liderança e a cargos diretivos há ainda muito a se conquistar

Salg af kroppen - sportskvinder, massemedier og sportens kommodificering

Sportsfolk som nøgenmodeller og sexobjekter - er sexappeal vigtigere end de sportslige præstationer? I denne artikel analyseres sammenhængen mellem sportens globalisering, kommodificering og mediernes konkurrence

A New Cellular Factor Recognizes E2 Binding Sites of Papillomaviruses Which Mediate Transcriptional Repression by E2

AbstractRepression of transcription by the full-length E2 protein of papillomaviruses (PV) seems to occur when the E2 binding sites and those of positively acting cellular factors overlap. Previously, we showed that RUNX1 (formerly called CBF) binds to the repression-mediating E2 binding site P2 of human PV type 8 (HPV8). By a yeast one-hybrid system we could identify an unknown protein binding also to P2, tentatively called PBF (papillomavirus binding factor). PBF recognizes the sequence CCGG, which represents the 3′ half of the E2 binding site just adjacent to the RUNX1 motif. PBF also binds to the repression-mediating E2 BS-1 in BPV1, which is conserved to P2 of HPV8. Point mutations destroying PBF binding to HPV8 P2 and BPV-1 E2 BS-1 in vitro reduce promoter activity in corresponding reporter constructs. Our results suggest that PBF might play a role in transcription of PV genes and in E2-mediated repression