Development of a new protection strategy for improvement of the reliability when feeding of electrical drives by the matrix converter

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, bei dem der Matrixumrichter von einem zu jedem Zeitpunkt zur Verfügung stehenden Freilaufkreis geschützt wird. Dieser führt bei Bedarf den induktiven Laststrom, so dass die Bauteile des Umrichters keinen Schaden nehmen können. Mit dieser Eigenschaft sind keine aufwändigen Kommutierungs-Steuerverfahren notwendig, um den Matrixumrichter sicher betreiben zu können. Weitere Vorteile entstehen dadurch, dass auf einen normalerweise zum Schutz notwendigen Pufferkondensator verzichtet werden kann. Dadurch lassen sich das Bauvolumen, das Gewicht und die Kosten des Umrichters reduzieren.In this work a method is presented, by which the matrix converter is protected by a free wheeling path available at any time. This carries the inductive load current if necessary, so that the parts of the inverter can not be damaged. With this feature, no complicated commutation strategies and control methods are necessary to operate the matrix converter safely. Other advantages arise because the capacitor normally needed for protection can be omitted. So the size, the weight and the costs of the inverter are reduced

The Tantalum isotope inventory of terrestrial and early solar system materials

Tantalum is the rarest stable element in the solar system and consists of two stable isotopes with a huge difference in abundances (180Ta = ~0.012% and 181Ta = ~99.988%), making 180Ta the rarest stable nuclide in the solar system. Tantalum isotopes are produced together with other heavy isotopes during stellar nucleosynthesis in stars at the end of their life, in red giants as well as in supernova explosions. While 181Ta has been produced by the rapid and slow neutron capture processes (r- and s-process), the rare isotope 180Ta is bred by the branched s- process and by the special neutrino-process. Tantalum-180 is the only observationally stable nuclide in an excited nuclear state, which is why nuclear astrophysics has long searched for viable production mechanism to explain the abundance of 180Ta in the solar system. The earliest materials of the solar system carry nucleosynthetic anomalies as fingerprints of their stellar origin, thus, astrophysical models of Ta nucleosynthesis might be tested in meteorites. The low abundance of 180Ta relative to isotopes of similar mass make Ta isotope compositions to a sensitive tracer of ingrowth from nuclear reactions in neighboring elements like Hf in the early solar system. In modern geochemistry, Ta is a key trace element, belonging to the group of high field strength elements (HFSE, i.e., Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta). Due to analytical difficulties related to the low abundance of 180Ta, the absolute isotope composition of tantalum is one of the least constrained of any naturally occurring elements and possible natural variations in 180Ta/181Ta have so far not been investigated. The unusual production and physical properties of 180Ta might render Ta isotope compositions useful for tracing nucleosynthetic input or irradiation in the early solar system. Substantial analytical development allowed the evaluation of possible variations in Ta isotopes in solar system materials and whether natural Ta stable isotope variations exist on Earth

Reconstrucción digital de estructuras de tejados históricos: desarrollo de un flujo de trabajo de análisis altamente automatizado

[EN] Planning on adaptive reuse, maintenance and restoration of historic timber structuresrequiresextensive architectural and structural analysis of the actual condition. Current methods for a modellingof roof constructions consist of several manual steps including the time-consuming dimensional modelling. The continuous development of terrestrial laser scanners increases the accuracy, comfort and speed of the surveying work inroof constructions. Resultingpoint clouds enabledetailed visualisation of theconstructionsrepresented by single points or polygonal meshes, but in fact donot containinformation about the structural system and the beam elements. The developed workflow containsseveral processing steps on the point cloud dataset. The most important among them arethenormal vector computation, the segmentation of points to extract planarfaces, a classification of planarsegmentsto detect the beam side facesand finally theparametric modelling of the beams on the basis of classified segments. Thisenablesa highly automated transitionfrom raw point cloud data to a geometric model containing beams of the structural system. The geometric model,as well as additional information about the structural properties of involved wooden beams and their joints,is necessaryinput for a furtherstructural modellingof timber constructions. The results of the workflow confirm that the proposed methods work well for beams with a rectangularcross-section and minor deformations. Scan shadows and occlusionof beamsby additional installationsor interlockingbeamsdecreases the modelling performance, but in generala high level ofaccuracy and completeness isachieved ata high degree of automation.[ES] Las estructuras históricas de madera requieren un análisis arquitectónico y estructural exhaustivo de su condición real en aras de planificar la reutilización flexible, el mantenimiento y la restauración. Los métodos actuales que modelan las construcciones de cubiertas pasan por aplicar varias etapas en modo manual, que incluye el lento modelado dimensional. El desarrollo continuo de escáneres láser terrestres aumenta la exactitud, la comodidad y la velocidad del trabajo topográfico en construcciones de tejados. Las nubes de puntos resultantes permiten la visualización detallada de las construcciones representadas por puntos o mallas poligonales, pero de hecho no contienen información sobre el sistema estructural y los elementos del travesaño. El flujo de trabajo desarrollado contiene varias etapas de procesamiento en el conjunto de datos de la nube de puntos. Los más importantes son el cálculo del vector normal, la segmentación de puntos que extraen caras planas, la clasificación de segmentos planos que detectan las caras laterales del travesaño y, finalmente, el modelado paramétrico de los travesaños en función de los segmentos clasificados. Esto permite una transición altamente automatizada de los datos de la nube de puntos brutos a un modelo geométrico que contiene los travesaños del sistema estructural. El modelo geométrico, así como la información adicional sobre las propiedades estructurales de las vigas de madera involucradas y de sus juntas, es información necesaria de entrada para el modelado estructural eventual de las construcciones de madera. Los resultados del flujo de trabajo confirman que los métodos propuestos funcionan bien en travesaños que presentan secciones transversales rectangulares y deformaciones menores. Las sombras en los escaneados y las oclusiones de los travesaños a partir de instalaciones adicionales o vigas entrelazados disminuye el rendimiento del modelado, pero en general se logra un nivel de exactitud e integridad elevado con un alto grado de automatización.Pöchtrager, M.; Styhler-Aydın, G.; Döring-Williams, M.; Pfeifer, N. (2018). Digital reconstruction of historic roof structures: developing a workflow for a highly automated analysis. Virtual Archaeology Review. 9(19):21-33. doi:10.4995/var.2018.8855SWORD2133919Attene, M., & Spagnuolo, M. (2000). Automatic surface reconstruction from point sets in space. Computer Graphics Forum, 19(3), 457-465. doi:10.1111/1467-8659.00438Baik, A., Yaagoubi, R., & Boehm, J. (2015). 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Complete Long-Term Remission of an Inflammatory Pseudotumor under Corticosteroid Therapy

Inflammatory pseudotumors (IPT) form a group of etiologically, histologically, and biologically heterogeneous tumefactive lesions that are histologically characterized by prominent inflammatory infiltrates. IPT has been described in various organs including the lungs, bladder, liver, spleen, heart, and others. It may mimic a malignant tumor clinically and radiologically. We report a case of a 26-year-old woman with an ALK1-negative IPT (7 cm in maximal diameter) mainly located in the 12th right back muscles, surrounding a fractured rib. Histologically, the tumor consisted of an inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of diffusely distributed lymphoplasmacytic cells and stromal fibroblasts associated with focal obliterative phlebitis. Conservative steroid treatment resulted in complete remission and the patient remained disease-free for more than 1 year later. To our knowledge this is the first report of IPT involving the skeletal back muscle and complete resolution under corticosteroid treatment

Association of differential miRNA expression with hepatic vs. peritoneal metastatic spread in colorectal cancer

Background: Though peritoneal carcinomatosis reflects a late stage of colorectal cancer (CRC), only few patients present with synchronous or metachronous liver metastases alongside their peritoneal carcinomatosis. It is hypothesized that this phenomenon may be causally linked to molecular characteristics of the primary CRC. This study used miRNA profiling of primary CRC tissue either metastasized to the liver, to the peritoneum or not metastasized at all thus to identify miRNAs potentially associated with defining the site of metastatic spread in CRC. Methods: Tissue of the primary tumor stemming from CRC patients diagnosed for either liver metastasis (LM; n = 10) or peritoneal carcinomatosis (PER; n = 10) was analyzed in this study. Advanced CRC cases without metastasis (M0; n = 3) were also included thus to select on those miRNAs most potentially associated with determining metastatic spread in general. miRNA profiling of 754 different miRNAs was performed in each group. MiRNAs being either differentially expressed comparing PER and LM or even triple differentially expressed (PER vs. LM vs. M0) were identified. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further validated by in silico and functional analysis. Results: Comparative analysis identified 41 miRNAs to be differentially expressed comparing primary tumors metastasized to the liver as opposed to those spread to the peritoneum. A set of 31 miRNAs was significantly induced in primary tumors that spread to the peritoneum (PER), while the remaining 10 miRNAs were found to be repressed. Out of these 41 miRNAs a number of 25 miRNAs was triple-differentially expressed (i.e. differentially expressed comparing LM vs. PER vs. M0). The latter underwent in silico analysis. Finally, we demonstrated that miR-31 down-regulated c-MET in DLD-1 colon cancer cells. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CRC primary tumors spread to the peritoneum vs. metastasized to the liver display significantly different miRNA profiles. Larger patient cohorts will be needed to validate whether determination of e.g. miR-31 may aid to predict the course of disease and whether this may help to create individualized follow up or treatment protocols. To determine whether certain miRNAs may be involved in regulating the metastatic potential of CRC, functional studies will be essential

Определение области допустимых значений концентраций и спектров компонентов смеси путем решения системы линейных неравенств

Объектом исследования является многокомпонентная смесь, а именно спектры ее известных компонент, спектр всей смеси, концентрации компонентов смеси и спектр неизвестной добавки; система линейных неравенств, составленная для некоторой многокомпонентной смеси. Целью работы является изучение и доработка алгоритма поиска множества крайних подсистем для заданной совместной системы линейных неравенств, построение программы на его основе и использование полученной программы для анализа многокомпонентной смеси. В процессе работы был изучен алгоритм решения систем линейных неравенств, на его основе была составлена программа. Алгоритм и программа были проверены на тестовом примере, подтверждающей их корректность. Составленная программа была применена для анализа многокомпонентной смеси.The object of research is a multicompound blend, spectra if its known components, spectrum of whole blend itself, concentrations of it components and spectrum of unknown inclusion; system of linear inequalities, made up for some multicomponent blend. The main purpose of presented work is precise study and modification of algorithm for search of all extreme subsystems of a given consistant system of linear inequalitiesl; to write a programm wich realise the algorithm, and to use the programm for the analysis of multicompound blend. As the result, the algorithm for solving systems of linear inequalities has been studied carefully and programm was created. Both algorithm and a programm were tested positive for its correctness. Then, the programm was used to analyse the multicompund blend

An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC

The particle number size distribution is an important parameter to characterize the atmospheric aerosol and its influence on the Earth's climate. Here we describe a new optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) for measurements of the accumulation mode particle number size distribution in the tropopause region on board a passenger aircraft (IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System – Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). A modified KS93 particle sensor from RION Co., Ltd., together with a new airflow system and a dedicated data acquisition system, is the key component of the CARIBIC OPSS. The instrument records individual particle pulse signal curves in the particle size range 130–1110 nm diameter (for a particle refractive index of 1.47-i0.006) together with a time stamp and thus allows the post-flight choice of the time resolution and the size distribution bin width. The CARIBIC OPSS has a 50 % particle detection diameter of 152 nm and a maximum asymptotic counting efficiency of 98 %. The instrument's measurement performance shows no pressure dependency and no particle coincidence for free tropospheric conditions. The size response function of the CARIBIC OPSS was obtained by a polystyrene latex calibration in combination with model calculations. Particle number size distributions measured with the new OPSS in the lowermost stratosphere agreed within a factor of 2 in concentration with balloon-borne measurements over western North America. Since June 2010 the CARIBIC OPSS is deployed once per month in the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory

An optical particle size spectrometer for aircraft-borne measurements in IAGOS-CARIBIC

The particle number size distribution is an important parameter to characterize the atmospheric aerosol and its influence on the Earth's climate. Here we describe a new optical particle size spectrometer (OPSS) for measurements of the accumulation mode particle number size distribution in the tropopause region on board a passenger aircraft (IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory: In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System – Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container). A modified KS93 particle sensor from RION Co., Ltd., together with a new airflow system and a dedicated data acquisition system, is the key component of the CARIBIC OPSS. The instrument records individual particle pulse signal curves in the particle size range 130–1110 nm diameter (for a particle refractive index of 1.47-i0.006) together with a time stamp and thus allows the post-flight choice of the time resolution and the size distribution bin width. The CARIBIC OPSS has a 50 % particle detection diameter of 152 nm and a maximum asymptotic counting efficiency of 98 %. The instrument's measurement performance shows no pressure dependency and no particle coincidence for free tropospheric conditions. The size response function of the CARIBIC OPSS was obtained by a polystyrene latex calibration in combination with model calculations. Particle number size distributions measured with the new OPSS in the lowermost stratosphere agreed within a factor of 2 in concentration with balloon-borne measurements over western North America. Since June 2010 the CARIBIC OPSS is deployed once per month in the IAGOS-CARIBIC observatory