Modo de vida y expectativas de salud de comunidades del litoral de la costa norte del Peru durante el periodo formativo: analisis bioantropologico de los individuos del sitio arqueologico Puemape

Este trabajo lleva a cabo una aproximación al conocimiento del modo de vida y expectativas de salud de las comunidades costeras del Período Formativo (2500-1 a.C.) de la Costa Norte de los Andes Centrales, mediante el análisis de los restos óseos de los individuos de los contextos funerarios asignados a las distintas fases ocupacionales del sitio arqueológico Puémape, localizado en el litoral de la quebrada de Cupisnique. A partir del análisis osteológico intragrupal e intergrupal, se describen y discuten los principales cambios o regularidades en los indicadores bioantropológicos de tres poblaciones que habitaron el sitio (Elera, 1998): Puémape Temprano (ca. 4400 + 110 a.p.) [3355:2835 a.C. p= 0.887097], Puémape Medio (ca. 3960+ 110 a.p. y 3920+ 110 a.p.) [2678:2034 a.C. p=0.982982 y 2627:2012 a.C. p=0.990279] y Puémape Salinar (ca. 2340 + 90 a.p) [564:92 a.C. p=0.939282]. Las correlaciones entre las evidencias bioantropológicas y los datos arqueológicos de las fases a nivel local y regional, nos ayudan a responder, desde una perspectiva comparativa, algunas preguntas sobre los patrones de subsistencia, la situación de salud y el grado de complejización de las relaciones sociales de las comunidades costeras del Período Formativo de los Andes Centrales.Tesi

The fate of those who did not return: bioanthropological analysis of a Peruvian soldier killed in battle during the War of the Pacific)

En este trabajo se reportan los resultados del análisis bioantropológico de un combatiente peruano muerto en la batalla del Alto de la Alianza (26 de mayo de 1880, Tacna, Perú). El perfil biológico del individuo y la naturaleza de sus lesiones fueron examinados con métodos osteológicos estandarizados. El análisis indica que se trataba de un individuo de sexo masculino de entre 27 y 37 años, una estatura media aproximada de 1,64 m (con rango de variación posible entre 1,58 y 1,72 m), con algunos rasgos morfológicos craneofaciales que sugieren una probable ascendencia europea. Según lo demuestran sus lesiones, fue malherido por al menos dos proyectiles de arma de fuego y finalmente “repasado” por las tropas enemigas con un tiro de fusil. Los resultados aquí expuestos constituyen un crudo ejemplo de las prácticas de combate de finales del siglo XIX.In this work we report the results of the osteological analysis of a Peruvian officer who died in the Alto de la Alianza battle (May 26th, 1880, Tacna, Peru). The biological profile and the nature of their lesions were addressed by using standardized osteological methods. The results indicate that he was a male, between 27 and 37 years old, with a mean stature of 1.64 m (with a possible range between 1.58 and 1.72 m), with some morphoscopic craniofacial traits that suggest probable European ancestry. His lesions show that he was seriously wounded by at least two firearm projectiles, and then, executed by enemy troops with another gunshot. The results presented herein are a general example of the combat practices of the late 19th century

Redefining the treponemal history through pre-Columbian genomes from Brazil

The origins of treponemal diseases have long remained unknown, especially considering the sudden onset of the first syphilis epidemic in the late 15th century in Europe and its hypothesized arrival from the Americas with Columbus’ expeditions. Recently, ancient DNA evidence has revealed various treponemal infections circulating in early modern Europe and colonial-era Mexico. However, there has been to our knowledge no genomic evidence of treponematosis recovered from either the Americas or the Old World that can be reliably dated to the time before the first trans-Atlantic contacts. Here, we present treponemal genomes from nearly 2,000-year-old human remains from Brazil. We reconstruct four ancient genomes of a prehistoric treponemal pathogen, most closely related to the bejel-causing agent Treponema pallidum endemicum. Contradicting the modern day geographical niche of bejel in the arid regions of the world, the results call into question the previous palaeopathological characterization of treponeme subspecies and showcase their adaptive potential. A high-coverage genome is used to improve molecular clock date estimations, placing the divergence of modern T. pallidum subspecies firmly in pre-Columbian times. Overall, our study demonstrates the opportunities within archaeogenetics to uncover key events in pathogen evolution and emergence, paving the way to new hypotheses on the origin and spread of treponematoses

Middle Holocene plant cultivation on the Atlantic Forest coast of Brazil?

This work provides robust oral pathology and stable isotope evidence on Bayesian mixing model for an unexpectedly high consumption of carbohydrates by a Middle Holocene coastal population of the Atlantic Forest of South America, an area traditionally viewed as peripheral to early centres of food production on the continent. A diversified economy with substantial consumption of plant resources was in place at the shellmound (or sambaqui) of Morro do Ouro, in Babitonga Bay, and supported a dense population at ca 4500 cal BP. This dietary composition is unique when compared with that of other contemporary and later groups in the region, including peoples who used ceramics and domesticated crops. The results corroborate independent dietary evidence, such as stone tool artefacts for plant processing and plant microremains in dental calculus of the same individuals, and suggest plant cultivation possibly took place in this region at the same time as the development of early agriculture in Amazonia and the La Plata Basin. Our study situates the Atlantic Forest coast of Brazil on the map of early plant management in the Neotropics

PACHAMAMA - 101062179 - HE-MSCA-PF-2021 : Dissemination and Communication Plan

Name of supervisor: André Carlo Colones

Violencia durante el final del Formativo en la Costa Norte del perú.

The processcs involed in increasing social complexity have been studied archacologicallythrough several approaches.One of them is the study of interpersonal violence. Violence has beenassociared with nwe forms of social structure, inter-community competition for scarce resources and new forms of political practice. In the Central Andes, it is likely that tha¿e process of transition from egalitarian to ranked societies would have occurred during the Formative perios(1800-1BC). Using osteological markers, this paper approach's the rypes of violence ande their impact on 30 individuals of the Salinar phase(400-1BC) of the puemape site on the Peruvian north coast.For comparative issues,we analyze two earlier populations at the site (Early Puemape,MNI=26 and Middle Puemape,MNI=29) adn others of the region. Higher frequencies of trauma in males (25%cranial and30% facialinjuries and other types)and some contextual data are consistent wwith intercomunitary violence and conform the archacological interpretations which have srated that the Salinas period was a violent epoch at the pnset of the development of clearly stratified societicsEl proceso de complejización social ha sido abordado arqueológicamente desde varias persl,ec­ tivas, una de elbs es la de la violencia interpersonal asociada a nuevas formas de organización de las comunidades ylo la competencia intercomunitaria por los recursos de un territorio. En la Costa Norte de los Andes Centrales este proceso se habría afianzado durante el Período For­ marivo (1800-1 a.C) y estudios de patrones de asentamiento coinciden en apuntar que hacia finales del período, durante la fase Salinar (400-1 a.C), la violencia se habría incrementado dramaticamcnrc. Utilizando indicadores bioantropológlcos, este trabajo evalúa el impacto de la violencia sufrida por 30 individuos de la fase Salinar de Puérnape. Altos índices de traumatismos en la población masculina (25% de lesiones craneales y 30% de lesiones faciales, entre otras) asociados con violencia inrcrcomuniraria 'f algunos indicadores contexrualcs confirmarían el carácter violento de las postrimerías del Período formativo

PACHAMAMA - 101062179 - HE-MSCA-PF-2021 : FAIR Data Management Plan

Name of supervisor: André Carlo Colones

PACHAMAMA - 101062179 - HE-MSCA-PF-2021 : Career Development Plan

Name of supervisor: André Carlo Colones