Automation of primary crushing control

The article deals with issues related to the synthesis of an automatic control system for a jaw crusher, for which the main control and disturbance channels were identified and its mathematical model was obtained. Implementation of mechanization and automation systems at crushing and screening plants is necessary for the production of granite crushed stone, which is massively used in the construction of agricultural facilities. Based on the analysis of the mathematical model, a decision was made to choose the law of regulation and its parametric identification was carried out. Analysis of the quality indicators of the regulation of the synthesized system revealed their significant dependence on the disturbing effect, which required the synthesis of a disturbance compensator, the inclusion of which in the structure of the system made it possible to realize the requirements imposed on it

Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors

Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor

Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date - including fermions, bosons, and Abelian anyons - this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. While efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasi-particles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction via unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of employing the anyons for quantum computation and utilize braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and - through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection - could open a path toward fault-tolerant quantum computing

The neutron and its role in cosmology and particle physics

Experiments with cold and ultracold neutrons have reached a level of precision such that problems far beyond the scale of the present Standard Model of particle physics become accessible to experimental investigation. Due to the close links between particle physics and cosmology, these studies also permit a deep look into the very first instances of our universe. First addressed in this article, both in theory and experiment, is the problem of baryogenesis ... The question how baryogenesis could have happened is open to experimental tests, and it turns out that this problem can be curbed by the very stringent limits on an electric dipole moment of the neutron, a quantity that also has deep implications for particle physics. Then we discuss the recent spectacular observation of neutron quantization in the earth's gravitational field and of resonance transitions between such gravitational energy states. These measurements, together with new evaluations of neutron scattering data, set new constraints on deviations from Newton's gravitational law at the picometer scale. Such deviations are predicted in modern theories with extra-dimensions that propose unification of the Planck scale with the scale of the Standard Model ... Another main topic is the weak-interaction parameters in various fields of physics and astrophysics that must all be derived from measured neutron decay data. Up to now, about 10 different neutron decay observables have been measured, much more than needed in the electroweak Standard Model. This allows various precise tests for new physics beyond the Standard Model, competing with or surpassing similar tests at high-energy. The review ends with a discussion of neutron and nuclear data required in the synthesis of the elements during the "first three minutes" and later on in stellar nucleosynthesis.Comment: 91 pages, 30 figures, accepted by Reviews of Modern Physic

Automation of primary crushing control

The article deals with issues related to the synthesis of an automatic control system for a jaw crusher, for which the main control and disturbance channels were identified and its mathematical model was obtained. Implementation of mechanization and automation systems at crushing and screening plants is necessary for the production of granite crushed stone, which is massively used in the construction of agricultural facilities. Based on the analysis of the mathematical model, a decision was made to choose the law of regulation and its parametric identification was carried out. Analysis of the quality indicators of the regulation of the synthesized system revealed their significant dependence on the disturbing effect, which required the synthesis of a disturbance compensator, the inclusion of which in the structure of the system made it possible to realize the requirements imposed on it

Analysis of Toxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> Species Associated with Wheat Grain from Three Regions of Russia: Volga, Ural, and West Siberia

Wheat grains collected in three regions of Russia&#8212;Volga, Ural, and West Siberia&#8212;were analyzed for triangulation of methods in analysis of toxigenic Fusarium species. The presence of fungi and quantitative content of their biomass were detected by using various analytical methods, including a mycological and immunochemical methods, and quantitative PCR. Additionally, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were applied for determination of mycotoxins. Regional differences were found regarding the contamination of wheat grain by Fusarium fungi and their toxins. The most important observation was the detection of F. graminearum in the Ural and West Siberian regions, where this pathogen had not been found previously. A maximum damaged grains by F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides was found in the grain samples from West Siberia. The DNA of F. graminearum was detected in 19.2% and DNA of F. sporotrichioides was found in 84.1% of the analyzed grain samples. The amount of Fusarium antigens in the grain samples from the West Siberian region was 7&#8722;8 times higher than in the grain samples from the other two regions. Significant contamination of the grain with deoxynivalenol and T-2/HT-2 toxins (maximum contents were 2239 ppb and 199 ppb, respectively) was detected in the West Siberian region

Enhanced gas separation factors of microporous polymer constrained in the channels of anodic alumina membranes

New composite membranes based on porous anodic alumina films and polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) have been prepared using a spin-coating technique. According to scanning electron microscopy, partial penetration of polymer into the pores of alumina supports takes place giving rise to selective polymeric layers with fiber-like microstructure. Geometric confinement of rigid PIM-1 in the channels of anodic alumina causes reduction of small-scale mobility in polymeric chains. As a result, transport of permanent gases, such as CH(4), becomes significantly hindered across composite membranes. Contrary, the transport of condensable gases (CO(2), С(4)H(10)), did not significantly suffer from the confinement due to high solubility in the polymer matrix. This strategy enables enhancement of selectivity towards CO(2) and C(4)H(10) without significant loss of the membrane performance and seems to be prospective for drain and sweetening of natural gas

Synthesis of novel lanthanide acylpyrazolonato ligands with long aliphatic chains and immobilization of the Tb complex on the surface of silica pre-modified via hydrophobic interactions

Five new complexes Ln(QC17)3(H2O)(Solv) (Ln = Y, Solv = H2O, Ln = Tb, Dy, Sm or Eu, Solv = EtOH) were synthesized with the acylpyrazolonato ligand QC17 bearing a long aliphatic C17H35 chain in the acyl moiety, and the crystal structure of Y(QC17)3(H2O)2 shows the three aliphatic chains from the coordinated ligands positioned in the same direction, affording plane layers built by Y(QC17)3(H2O)2 molecules connected through H-bonding interactions. The layers are stitched to each other like in “hook & loop” tapes. Luminescence of complexes was determined and the complex Tb(QC17)3(H2O)(EtOH) was immobilized on the surface of silica preprocessed using a C17H35CONH(CH2)3Si(OEt)3 reagent via hydrophobic interactions of long aliphatic chains. Luminescent properties and micromorphology of the obtained hybrid particles and hybrid films were investigated. Intensive green emission of the complex retains after grafting onto the silica surface. Inclusion of the complex on the surface of silica materials occurs as separate molecules, after the disruption of the H-bonding network present in the crystalline phase of the pure terbium sample