A Review of the Aquatic Environmental Fate of Triclopyr and its Major Metabolites

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the aquatic environmental fate of triclopyr and its major metabolites, TCP and TMP. This review is primarily based on results of laboratory and field studies conducted by various Federal Agencies and the registrant to support the US aquatic registration for triclopyr TEA

A Solid State Pulsed Coagulating Diathermy Instrument

Solid state pulsed coagulating diathermy instrumen

Ultralow noise performance of an 8.4-GHz maser-feedhorn system

A total system noise temperature of 6.6 K was demonstrated with an 8.4-GHz traveling wave maser and feedhorn operating in a cryogenic environment. Both the maser and feedhorn were inserted in the helium cryostat, with the maser operating in the 1.6-K liquid bath and the feedhorn cooled in the helium gas, with a temperature gradient along the horn ranging from the liquid bath temperature at its lower end to room temperature at its top. The ruby maser exhibited 43 dB of gain with a bandwidth of 76 MHz(-3 dB) centered at 8400 MHz. Discussions of the maser, cooled feedhorn, and cryostat designs are presented along with a discussion of the noise temperature measurements

Contact Atomic Structure and Electron Transport Through Molecules

Using benzene sandwiched between two Au leads as a model system, we investigate from first principles the change in molecular conductance caused by different atomic structures around the metal-molecule contact. Our motivation is the variable situations that may arise in break junction experiments; our approach is a combined density functional theory and Green function technique. We focus on effects caused by (1) the presence of an additional Au atom at the contact and (2) possible changes in the molecule-lead separation. The effects of contact atomic relaxation and two different lead orientations are fully considered. We find that the presence of an additional Au atom at each of the two contacts will increase the equilibrium conductance by up to two orders of magnitude regardless of either the lead orientation or different group-VI anchoring atoms. This is due to a LUMO-like resonance peak near the Fermi energy. In the non-equilibrium properties, the resonance peak manifests itself in a large negative differential conductance. We find that the dependence of the equilibrium conductance on the molecule-lead separation can be quite subtle: either very weak or very strong depending on the separation regime.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Selective self-categorization: Meaningful categorization and the in-group persuasion effect

Research stemming from self-categorization theory (Turner et al., 1987) has demonstrated that individuals are typically more persuaded by messages from their in-group than by messages from the out-group. The present research investigated the role of issue relevance in moderating these effects. In particular, it was predicted that in-groups would only be more persuasive when the dimension on which group membership was defined was meaningful or relevant to the attitude issue. In two studies, participants were presented with persuasive arguments from either an in-group source or an out-group source, where the basis of the in-group/out-group distinction was either relevant or irrelevant to the attitude issue. Participants' attitudes toward the issue were then measured. The results supported the predictions: Participants were more persuaded by in-group sources than out-group sources when the basis for defining the group was relevant to the attitude issue. However, when the defining characteristic of the group was irrelevant to the attitude issue, participants were equally persuaded by in-group and out-group sources. These results support the hypothesis that the fit between group membership and domain is an important moderator of self-categorization effects

The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Factors Influencing Prognosis and Principles of Management

This report redescribes the adult respiratory distress syndrome and discusses factors which influence prognosis and presents principles of management

Rainfall rates and the vertical distribution of diabatic heating components over tropical oceans

During the fall of 1993, nearly all of the emphasis on this project was devoted to the completion of Ph.D. research. In January 1994, a poster summarizing research was presented at the 8th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation held in Nashville, TN. In February 1994, we submitted two papers for publication. Finally, we learned that we have had a paper accepted for poster presentation at the European Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle to be held in London, England in July 1994. Titles for all these papers are provided

The effects of power on prosocial outcomes: a self-validation analysis

The present research distinguishes between primary (cognitive) and secondary (metacognitive) processes in the domain of power. Power is a central construct in economic decision making, influencing people’s thoughts and behavior in organizational, political, consumer, and interpersonal contexts. Whereas most research has discussed ways that power can influence primary cognition (e.g., increased self-focused thoughts, heuristic processing), we examine how power can influence secondary cognition (i.e., thinking about thinking). We argue that high (relative to low) power can increase reliance on one’s current thoughts, magnifying their influence on judgment. If thoughts are antisocial (prosocial), increased power will produce more antisocial (prosocial) judgments and behavior. We activated prosocial or antisocial concepts through priming before activating powerfulness or powerlessness. As predicted, primes impacted people’s self-perceptions of cooperation (Experiment 1) and the extent to which they were willing to help others (Experiment 2) when induced to feel powerful, but not when led to feel powerless.This research was supported in part by NSF Grants BCS-0847834 (to R.E.P.) and BCS-1145739 (to K.G.D.) and by Spanish grant PSI2011-26212 (to P.B.)

Loss of the tumour suppressor LKB1/STK11 uncovers a leptin-mediated sensitivity mechanism to mitochondrial uncouplers for targeted cancer therapy

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes one of the deadliest and most common malignancies. The LKB1/STK11 tumour suppressor is mutated in ∼ 30% of NSCLCs, typically lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). We implemented zebrafish and human lung organoids as synergistic platforms to pre-clinically screen for metabolic compounds selectively targeting LKB1-deficient tumours. Interestingly, two kinase inhibitors, Piceatannol and Tyrphostin 23, appeared to exert synthetic lethality with LKB1 mutations. Although LKB1 loss alone accelerates energy expenditure, unexpectedly we find that it additionally alters regulation of the key energy homeostasis maintenance player leptin (LEP), further increasing the energetic burden and exposing a vulnerable point; acquired sensitivity to the identified compounds. We show that compound treatment stabilises Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) by antagonising Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated HIF1A ubiquitination, driving LEP hyperactivation. Importantly, we demonstrate that sensitivity to piceatannol/tyrphostin 23 epistatically relies on a HIF1A-LEP-Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) signaling axis lowering cellular energy beyond survival, in already challenged LKB1-deficient cells. Thus, we uncover a pivotal metabolic vulnerability of LKB1-deficient tumours, which may be therapeutically exploited using our identified compounds as mitochondrial uncouplers

New estimates of pan-Arctic sea ice-atmosphere neutral drag coefficients from ICESat-2 elevation data

The effect that sea ice topography has on the momentum transfer between ice and atmosphere is not fully quantified due to the vast extent of the Arctic and limitations of current measurement techniques. Here we present a method to estimate pan-Arctic momentum transfer via a parameterization that links sea ice-atmosphere form drag coefficients with surface feature height and spacing. We measure these sea ice surface feature parameters using the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Though ICESat-2 is unable to resolve as well as airborne surveys, it has a higher along-track spatial resolution than other contemporary altimeter satellites. As some narrow obstacles are effectively smoothed out by the ICESat-2 ATL07 spatial resolution, we use near-coincident high-resolution Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) elevation data from NASA's Operation IceBridge (OIB) mission to scale up the regional ICESat-2 drag estimates. By also incorporating drag due to open water, floe edges and sea ice skin drag, we produced a time series of average total pan-Arctic neutral atmospheric drag coefficient estimates from November 2018 to May 2022. Here we have observed its temporal evolution to be unique and not directly tied to sea ice extent. By also mapping 3-month aggregates for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 for better regional analysis, we found the thick multiyear ice area directly north of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland to be consistently above 2.0×10-3, while most of the multiyear ice portion of the Arctic is typically around ∼1.5×10-3