SolidWorks

Nowadays, parametric 3D computer-aided design (CAD) of solid and surface models are the principal means for design ideas communicating and developing new products and systems. 3D parametric modeling facilitates visual thinking and design process. There are many programs for creating 3D models

First-In-Human Study in Cancer Patients Establishing the Feasibility of Oxygen Measurements in Tumors Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance With the OxyChip

Objective: The overall objective of this clinical study was to validate an implantable oxygen sensor, called the ‘OxyChip’, as a clinically feasible technology that would allow individualized tumor-oxygen assessments in cancer patients prior to and during hypoxia-modification interventions such as hyperoxygen breathing. Methods: Patients with any solid tumor at ≤3-cm depth from the skin-surface scheduled to undergo surgical resection (with or without neoadjuvant therapy) were considered eligible for the study. The OxyChip was implanted in the tumor and subsequently removed during standard-of-care surgery. Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) at the implant location was assessed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry. Results: Twenty-three cancer patients underwent OxyChip implantation in their tumors. Six patients received neoadjuvant therapy while the OxyChip was implanted. Median implant duration was 30 days (range 4–128 days). Forty-five successful oxygen measurements were made in 15 patients. Baseline pO2 values were variable with overall median 15.7 mmHg (range 0.6–73.1 mmHg); 33% of the values were below 10 mmHg. After hyperoxygenation, the overall median pO2 was 31.8 mmHg (range 1.5–144.6 mmHg). In 83% of the measurements, there was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) response to hyperoxygenation. Conclusions: Measurement of baseline pO2 and response to hyperoxygenation using EPR oximetry with the OxyChip is clinically feasible in a variety of tumor types. Tumor oxygen at baseline differed significantly among patients. Although most tumors responded to a hyperoxygenation intervention, some were non-responders. These data demonstrated the need for individualized assessment of tumor oxygenation in the context of planned hyperoxygenation interventions to optimize clinical outcomes

Total Syntheses of <i>ent</i>-Heliespirones A and C

Stereodivergent total syntheses of <i>ent</i>-heliespirone A and C were both completed in 11 vessels and ∼24% combined overall yield (A + C). These syntheses employed an identical inverse demand Diels–Alder reaction between a surrogate for an extendedly conjugated γ–δ unsaturated <i>ortho</i>-quinone methide and l-lactic-acid-derived exocyclic enol ether. Novel reactions of special note include a diastereoselective reduction of a chroman spiroketal by combination of borontrifluoride etherate and triethyl silane, along with oxidative rupture of a chroman etherial ring into the corresponding <i>p</i>-quinone by argentic oxide (AgO). In addition, an unusual <i>intramolecular</i> etherification of a 3° alcohol caused by cerium ammonium nitrate was observed

Total Syntheses of <i>ent</i>-Heliespirones A and C

Stereodivergent total syntheses of <i>ent</i>-heliespirone A and C were both completed in 11 vessels and ∼24% combined overall yield (A + C). These syntheses employed an identical inverse demand Diels–Alder reaction between a surrogate for an extendedly conjugated γ–δ unsaturated <i>ortho</i>-quinone methide and l-lactic-acid-derived exocyclic enol ether. Novel reactions of special note include a diastereoselective reduction of a chroman spiroketal by combination of borontrifluoride etherate and triethyl silane, along with oxidative rupture of a chroman etherial ring into the corresponding <i>p</i>-quinone by argentic oxide (AgO). In addition, an unusual <i>intramolecular</i> etherification of a 3° alcohol caused by cerium ammonium nitrate was observed

Genomic profile of Pancoast syndrome due to hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer and is frequently diagnosed at a late and unresectable stage with limited effective treatment options. Here, we present the fifth reported case of a 77 year‐old male with metastatic HCC presenting as a symptomatic superior sulcus lung tumor and discuss the genomic profile of this rare presentation of HCC for the first time, which included multiple classic mutations in HCC such as TERT, TP53, and WNT/β‐catenin signaling as well as in the DNA repair gene ATM. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy to the Pancoast tumor followed by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and passed away 6 months after diagnosis. This rare case highlights the need for effective treatment in aggressive and unresectable HCC and the utility of early genomic studies to allow for targeted therapy such as poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP)‐inhibitors

Highlighting the Diversity of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: A Case Series

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare malignant tumor that occurs mainly in the retroperitoneum of children and young adults. In its prototypical form, DSCRT displays characteristic morphology with nested primitive small round cells in a desmoplastic stroma and a distinctive immunophenotype with polyphenotypic differentiation. However, DSCRT can also exhibit a broader clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical spectrum and, therefore, cause diagnostic difficulties. Given that DSCRT is an aggressive and nearly universally fatal disease, making the correct diagnosis is critically important. Herein, we report three patients with DSRCT and unusual clinical, morphologic or immunohistochemical characteristics, in order to highlight its remarkable diversity and increase awareness of this unusual, distinctive neoplasm

Primary myxoid and epithelioid mesenchymal tumor of the kidney with a novel GLI1‐FOXO4 fusion

To our knowledge, we describe the first mesenchymal tumor with a novel GLI1‐FOXO4 fusion gene. This well‐circumscribed kidney tumor displayed variably myxoid and epithelioid histologic features with a focally nodular growth pattern. The tumor cells showed bland, round to ovoid nuclei, with no overt high‐grade features. The tumor showed focal immunopositivity for smooth muscle actin and Melan‐A, which raised the possibility of a relationship with a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor. The clinical and morphologic features appear distinct from other reported neoplasms harboring GLI1 or FOXO4 gene rearrangements. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy and is without evidence of disease during a relatively short clinical follow‐up period. However, the features of this tumor likely warrant long‐term follow‐up to monitor for the possibility of a late recurrence or metastasis. In addition to reporting this novel fusion‐positive tumor, we also provide a brief review of GLI1 and FOXO4 gene functions in both normal and neoplastic contexts