Measuring dark matter by modeling interacting galaxies

The dark matter content of galaxies is usually determined from galaxies in dynamical equilibrium, mainly from rotationally supported galactic components. Such determinations restrict measurements to special regions in galaxies, e.g. the galactic plane(s), whereas other regions are not probed at all. Interacting galaxies offer an alternative, because extended tidal tails often probe outer or off-plane regions of galaxies. However, these systems are neither in dynamical equilibrium nor simple, because they are composed of two or more galaxies, by this increasing the associated parameter space.We present our genetic algorithm based modeling tool which allows to investigate the extended parameter space of interacting galaxies. From these studies, we derive the dynamical history of (well observed) galaxies. Among other parameters we constrain the dark matter content of the involved galaxies. We demonstrate the applicability of this strategy with examples ranging from stellar streams around theMilkyWay to extended tidal tails, from proto-typical binary galaxies (like M51 or the Antennae system) to small group of galaxies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Conf.: Hunting for the dark, Malta 200

Zum Wohnungsbau der 50er Jahre in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 5. bis 7. Juli 1983 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: 'Das Bauhauserbe und die gegenwärtige Entwicklung der Architektur : zum 100. Geburtstag von Walter Gropius

Architekturströmungen der Gegenwart in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland am Beispiel der Bundeshauptstadt Bonn

Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 26. Juni 1986 in Weimar an der Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen zum Thema: 'Der wissenschaftlich-technische Fortschritt und die sozial-kulturellen Funktionen von Architektur und industrieller Formgestaltung in unserer Epoche

How Do Non-Formal Environmental Education Experiences Shape Pro-Environmental Behavior

This paper attempts to define what behaviors are, what motivates behavior, and how environmental education programs can shape pro-environmental behavior using three factors: social interaction, program structure, and various teaching methods. Data was gathered using a systematic literature review that looked at the purpose and objectives of the paper, methods used for collecting data such as demographics (age, race, gender, location, etc.), the papers focused areas of research, and results. A thematic analysis was also used to code collected data into the themes. The themes that emerged while analyzing the data include social interactions, program structure, and teaching methods. Results conclude that while not everyone learns the same way having programs with social settings that create a sense of community, developmentally appropriate content and various learning methods can help create a positive experience which leads to pro-environmental behaviors. Allowing students to interact with their local environment using various teaching methods can allow children to take on leadership roles, learn problem-solving skills, learn to critically think and build teamwork skills. These are valuable skills to have and will set the child up for success in the future

The Necessity for Regulating the Insurance Market Considering the Implementation of the IDD

In 2018, the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) was fully implemented by all EU member states. It intends to harmonize the insurance market, provide the right incentives for the agents and protect the consumers. But why? The core business of the banking sector makes it necessary for a prudential authority to intervene and monitor. The question arises if the latest changes in the insurance business require these limitations and monitoring. This paper offers a literature review by compiling findings and setting up profound arguments, why the regulation of insurance companies is relevant. The main arguments for a strong prudential regulation are transparency, information asymmetry and agency problems, wrong incentives, a representation of the policyholder and the inversion of the production cycle. These findings make it necessary to regulate the companies and protect the policyholders. Further research should focus on case studies of insurance companies implementing the changes of IDD into daily business. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Experiences with Flood and Perceptions of Flood Risk among Members of the Filipino American Community in Virginia Beach, Virginia

The Filipino Americans living in Hampton Roads, Virginia have comprised of almost 2% of the region’s overall population, and 5.3% of the population in Virginia Beach, Virginia (United States Census Bureau, 2019) (Greater Hampton Roads Connects, 2021). Filipino Americans in Hampton Roads, like the rest of the population, are equally vulnerable to experiencing flooding when commuting to and from work or simply traveling around town, but previous research and surveys from the Hampton Roads Region have failed in their ability to capture this cultural diversity within perception of flood risk. In this paper, a qualitative research design was used to conduct a survey of Filipino American residents in Virginia Beach regarding their flood risk perceptions and experiences. The results of the survey were then compared to existing flood risk research and to results of previous surveys of Hampton Roads residents. The results are useful for understanding the baseline perception of flooding within Virginia Beach’s Filipino American community and how they compare against the total Hampton Roads’ population. The results indicate that despite most survey results came from a younger age group than previous research and not fully representative of the overall Filipino population, the collected Filipino American’s flood experiences and flood risk perceptions were generally similar, with some varying differences, to existing survey collection in the Hampton Roads region. Therefore, regardless of racial identity, the overall cultural experiences are based more closely with shared geographic location and perceptions are developed by these experiences and personal knowledge regarding causes and impacts of flooding in Virginia Beach, Virginia

Release of biodegradable dissolved organic matter from ancient sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks contain the largest mass of organic carbon on Earth, yet these reservoirs are not well integrated into modern carbon budgets. Here we describe the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from OM-rich sedimentary rocks under simulated weathering conditions. Results from column experiments demonstrate slow, sustained release of DOM from ancient sedimentary rocks under simulated weathering conditions. (1)H-NMR analysis of shale-derived DOM reveals a highly aliphatic, carbohydrate-poor material distinct from other natural DOM pools. Shale-derived DOM is rapidly assimilated and biodegraded by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. Consequently, no compositional signature of shale-derived DOM other than (14)C-depletion is likely to persist in rivers or other surface reservoirs. Combined, these efforts show that dissolution provides a mechanism for the conversion of refractory kerogen into labile biomass, linking rock weathering with sedimentary OM oxidation and the delivery of aged OM to rivers and ocean margins