Philosophy today: state, disturbs, forecasts

В статье утверждается, что основные тенденции в развитии современной философии могут быть обозначены как прощание с матрицами и стандартами мышления классической философии. И хотя разрыв с классикой относят к ХIХ веку, некоторые тезисы постмодернизма, общие итоги лингвистического поворота в философии ХХ века действительно способствуют осуществлению такого прощания и переходу на позиции «новой антропологии» и «нового гуманизма» только сейчас.У статті стверджується, що основні тенденції розвитку сучасної філософії можуть бути позначені як прощання із матрицями та стандартами мислення класичної філософії. І хоча розрив із класикою відносять до ХІХ ст., деякі тези постмодернізму, загальні результати лінгвістичного повороту у філософії ХХ ст. дійсно сприяють здійсненню такого прощання і переходу на позиції «нової антропології» та «нового гуманізму» лише зараз.The article affirms, that the main tendencies in the development of contemporary philosophy can be designated as farewell to matrices and standards of thinking, which are connected with the classical philosophy. In spite of the fact, that the rupture between the classical and contemporary philosophy is removed usually to the XIX century, some thesis’s of the postmodern philosophy, common results of the linguistic turn in the philosophy of XX century really assist to the fulfillment of this farewell and to transition to the position of «the new anthropology» and «the new humanism» quite now

Structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of solution-processed Li-doped NiO films grown by SILAR

The article presents a new facial synthesis of Li-doped NiO films (NiO:Li) via an easy and cost-effective method Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) with the processing of the obtained NiO films in a lithium-containing aqueous solution for their transformation after annealing into NiO:Li layers. Comparative analysis of crystal structure, optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of the obtained NiO and NiO:Li 420-1050 nm thick films have reveiled a cubic rock-salt NiO structure, at that, NiO:Li samples are nanocrystalline single phased Li-NiO solid solutions. The fabricated NiO and NiO:Li films are p-type semiconductors with activation energy Ea = 0.1 eV and Ea = 0.25‒0.31 eV, respectively. The obtained in-plane Seebeck coefficients Z are in the range 0.20–0.33 mV/К. Notwithstanding the fact that the maximum values of the thermoelectric power factors P=2.2 μW/K2·m, are rather small, they were achieved if the hot end of the NiO:Li film was heated only to 115 °C. Thus, the produced in this work new low cost thermoelectric thin film material is suitable for a production of electrical energy for low-power devices due to absorption of low-potential heat

Solution-processed flexible broadband ZnO photodetector modified by Ag nanoparticles

In this work, we present flexible broadband photodetectors (PDs) fabricated by a deposition of nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) films on polyimide (PI) substrates by using cheap and scalable aqueous method Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR). In order to increase the long-wavelength absorption of the nanostructured ZnO layer, we created its intrinsic defects, including oxygen vacancies by post-treatment at 300 °C in vacuum and thus the light-sensitive material ZnO/PI was obtained. Then we applied silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from a silver sol onto a nanostructured ZnO film, which were visualized using SEM in the form of spheres up to 100 nm in size that increased the photocurrent and figures of merit of thus obtained light-sensitive material ZnO_Ag/PI due to localized surface plasmon resonance and double Schottky barriers at the Ag-ZnO interface. To fabricate photodetectors based on a photoconductive effect, these ZnO/PI and ZnO_Ag/PI materials were equipped with ohmic aluminum contacts. The spectral responsivity (Rλ up to 275 A/W to UV light) of solution-processed flexible broadband photodetector based on ZnO_Ag/PI material at different wavelengths of light and light power densities is better than Rλ of the ZnO/PI photodetector, and at least an order of magnitude higher than Rλ of photodetectors based on nanostructured zinc oxide described in recent articles. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of both PDs in this study in UV–Vis-NIR spectra is very high in the range from 1∙102 to 9∙104 % and is better or of the same order of magnitude as the EQE data of modern flexible broadband high-sensitivity PDs based on nanostructured heterostructures containing ZnO. The specific detectivity in UV–Vis-NIR spectra is large for ZnO/PI (from 3.5∙1010 to 1∙1012 Jones) and especially for ZnO_Ag/PI (from 1.6∙1011 to 8.6∙1013 Jones), which indicates the ability of the PDs based on light-sensitive materials ZnO/PI and ZnO_Ag/PI to recognize a very weak light signal

Концептуальные основы региональной образовательной политики

У монографії висвітлено концептуальні засади регіональної освітньої політики, об’єктивовані в теоретичному описі основних підходів, принципів, умов реалізації концепції навчання впродовж життя як чинника регіональної розвитку. Проаналізовано основні передумови розроблення концепції освіти впродовж життя у світі та соціально-економічні результати її упровадження. Викладено особливості та специфіку освіти впродовж життя, освіти дорослих як її складової в умовах регіонального розвитку (національний і зарубіжний досвід). Охарактеризовано психологічні особливості розвитку особистості в дорослому віці, а також професійного становлення особистості на різних етапах дорослості. Висвітлено роль неформальної освіти дорослих як чинника розвитку регіонів, що навчаються, а також механізми розроблення та реалізації концепції міста, регіону, що навчається. Інтерпретовано результати соціологічного дослідження культурно-освітніх потреб жителів Запорізької обл. та рівня їх задоволеності.The monograph describes the conceptual foundations of regional educational policy, objectified in the theoretical description of the main approaches, principles, conditions to implement the lifelong learning concept as a factor of regional development. The basic prerequisites for the development of lifelong learning concept in the world and the socio-economic results of its implementation are analyzed. The peculiarities and specifics of lifelong learning, education of adults as a part of it in the conditions of regional development (national and foreign experience) are described. The psychological peculiarities of personality development in adulthood as well as professional development of personality at different stages of adolescence are characterized. The role of non-formal adults education as a factor of learning regions development as well as mechanisms of the city development and implementation of the concept is highlighted. The results of sociological research of cultural and educationalneeds of Zaporizhzhya region's residents and their level of satisfaction are interpreted.В монографии освещены концептуальные основы региональной образовательной политики, объективированные в теоретическом описании основных подходов, принципов, условий реализации концепции непрерывного обучения как фактора регионального развития. Проанализированы основные предпосылки для разработки концепции обучения на протяжении всей жизни в мире и социально-экономических результатов ее реализации. Описаны особенности и специфика обучения на протяжении всей жизни, образования взрослых как его составляющей в условиях регионального развития (национальный и зарубежный опыт). Охарактеризованы психологические особенности развития личности во взрослом возрасте, а также профессиональное развитие личности на разных этапах подросткового возраста. Освещена роль неформального образования взрослых как фактора развития обучающихся регионов, а также механизмы разработки и реализации концепции обучающихся городов

Transient Growth Arrest in Escherichia coli Induced by Chromosome Condensation

Conceived and designed the experiments: ABK VVR. Performed the experiments: ALE KSJ. Analyzed the data: ALE KSJ DPS ABK VVR. Wrote the paper: ABK VVR.MukB is a bacterial SMC (structural maintenance of chromosome) protein that regulates the global folding of the Escherichia coli chromosome by bringing distant DNA segments together. We report that moderate overproduction of MukB may lead, depending on strain and growth conditions, to transient growth arrest. In DH5α cells, overproduction of MukB or MukBEF using pBAD expression system triggered growth arrest 2.5 h after induction. The exit from growth arrest was accompanied by the loss of the overproducing plasmid and a decline in the abundance of MukBEF. The arrested cells showed a compound gene expression profile which can be characterized by the following features: (i) a broad and deep downregulation of ribosomal proteins (up to 80-fold); (ii) downregulation of groups of genes encoding enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism, respiration, and central metabolism; (iii) upregulation of some of the genes responsive to general stress; and (iv) degradation of the patterns of spatial correlations in the transcriptional activity of the chromosome. The transcriptional state of the MukB induced arrest is most similar to stationary cells and cells recovered from stationary phase into a nutrient deprived medium, to amino acid starved cells and to the cells shifting from glucose to acetate. The mukB++ state is dissimilar from all examined transcriptional states generated by protein overexpression with the possible exception of RpoE and RpoH overexpression. Thus, the transcription profile of MukB-arrested cells can be described as a combination of responses typical for other growth-arrested cells and those for overproducers of DNA binding proteins with a particularly deep down-regulation of ribosomal genes.Yeshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#pee

Synonymous Codon Ordering: A Subtle but Prevalent Strategy of Bacteria to Improve Translational Efficiency

Background: In yeast coding sequences, once a particular codon has been used, subsequent occurrence of the same amino acid tends to use codons sharing the same tRNA. Such a phenomenon of co-tRNA codons pairing bias (CTCPB) is also found in some other eukaryotes but it is not known whether it occurs in prokaryotes. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we focused on a total of 773 bacterial genomes to investigate their synonymous codon pairing preferences. After calculating the actual frequencies of synonymous codon pairs and comparing them with their expected values, we detected an obvious pairing bias towards identical codon pairs. This seems consistent with the previously reported CTCPB phenomenon, since identical codons are certainly read by the same tRNA. However, among co-tRNA but non-identical codon pairs, only 22 were often found overrepresented, suggesting that many co-tRNA codons actually do not preferentially pair together in prokaryotes. Therefore, the previously reported co-tRNA codons pairing rule needs to be more rigorously defined. The affinity differences between a tRNA anticodon and its readable codons should be taken into account. Moreover, both within-gene-shuffling tests and phylogenetic analyses support the idea that translational selection played an important role in shaping the observed synonymous codon pairing pattern in prokaryotes. Conclusions: Overall, a high level of synonymous codon pairing bias was detected in 73 % investigated bacterial species

REGENERATING OF SILVER OUT OF FIXING AND BLEACHING-FIXING SOLUTIONS

The article is dedicated to study of the process of silver extraction out of fixing liquors by means of metal-exchange. There is shown that silver concentration in liquor is descended depending on the confusion time and mass of concentrator