Sedimentology and depositional environment of the Middle Ordovician Black Cove and American Tickle Formations - western Newfoundland

2013 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.The Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) Black Cove (Nicholsonograptus fasciculatus biozone) and overlying American Tickle Formations (Pterograptus elegans biozone) represent the lower portion of the Goose Tickle Group located in western Newfoundland. The succession consists of a total of seven lithofacies, four siliciclastic and three carbonate that are grouped into three distinct facies associations. Facies association 1 (FA1) contains intercalations of clay-rich mudstones (Facies A) with silt-bearing, clay-rich mudstones (Facies B) and in places, foresets of alternating siltstone and clay-rich laminae (Facies C). Facies association 2 (FA2) consists of rocks within FA1 and localized massive, silt-to-sandstones (Facies D). Facies association 3 (FA3) is characterized by carbonate mud-to-wackestones (Facies E), laminated and massive, peloidal, skeletal packstones (Facies F), and skeletal grainstones (Facies G). Each of the three facies associations is interpreted to represent a distinct position on a proximal to distal transect of a shelf that faced the proto-Atlantic. Bedload transport processes are present throughout the succession and are indicated by sedimentary structures such as ripples, planar laminations, mudstone rip-up clasts and lenticular siltstone laminae. These high-energy event deposits likely represent episodically occurring storms and are intercalated into fine-grained fair-weather sediments (Facies A, C, and E). The Black Cove and American Tickle Formations as a whole show an overall shallowing-upward trend that is subdivided into four coarsening-upward parasequences marked by carbonates (FA3) directly overlying fine-grained siliciclastic mudstones (FA1 and FA2). Each of these parasequences is interpreted to represent a lowstand unit attributed to a sea level fall. A comparison with time-equivalent lowstands worldwide suggests that at least two of these lowstands are most likely tectonically-induced. The presence of characteristic shelf sediments showing easily recognized sea level fluctuations, and the absence of turbidites within the Black Cove and American Tickle Formations suggests that these units reflect deposition in a distal shelf environment and not on a lower slope or within a basin as previously suggested. Phycosiphon incertum fecal strings and local Planolites isp. ichnofossils are abundant in the carbonate and fine-grained siliciclastic mudstone facies, providing evidence of dysoxic rather than anoxic conditions during deposition of the Black Cove and American Tickle Formations, allowing benthic burrowing organisms to flourish

Reaching union families: collective identity, union advantages and the American ethos

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 10, 2008)Includes bibliographical references.Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2007.Dissertations, Academic -- University of Missouri--Columbia -- Sociology.The present study examines the beliefs of union family members. Through analysis of qualitative interviews with union members and their wives and adult children, I investigate three main themes: 1) the benefits of unions, 2) the relations between corporations and unions, and 3) subscription to the American ethos. Generally speaking, I found that all participants focused on lifestyle and consumption advantages to union membership. Many also noted the fringe benefits associated with union coverage such as health insurance and job security. Moreover, many of the participants cite the ongoing struggle for power between unions and corporations. In addition, while most of the participants profess a strong belief in individualism and the ability of individuals to make it on their own in American society, there is also a tendency to articulate a moderate sense of collective identity and the importance of structural constraints on economic opportunity

Should We Deny Surgery for Malignant Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Tumors to Elderly Patients?

Malignant hepato-pancreatico-biliary (HPB) tumors have their highest incidence within the sixth to eighth decades of life. The aging of the world population has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of elderly patients considered for resection of malignant HPB tumors. Because elderly patients are more likely to have more co-morbidities, cognitive impairment, and decreased life expectancy, the benefit and appropriateness of these procedures must be scrutinized for geriatric patients. Therefore, many surgeons have compared the perioperative and long-term outcome of hepatic and pancreatic resections for elderly and younger patients. In most series the elderly population was defined by an age of 70 years or older. The results demonstrate that hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases can be safely performed in well-selected elderly patients with long-term outcome comparable to younger patients. Similar findings are also reported for pancreatic resection in elderly patients with either ampullary or pancreatic cancer. Although the survival benefit of pancreatico-duodenectomy is limited in all age groups, the absence of competitive therapy justifies this procedure as the sole curative option in younger as well as older patients. Data on resection of gallbladder cancer and hilar bile duct cancer in the elderly are sparse, but there is evidence from large series on resection of these types of tumors that advanced age per se is not a risk factor for reduced outcome. Therefore, surgical options should not be denied to elderly patients with a malignant HPB tumor, and the evaluation should include surgeons expert in HPB surger

"State of the Art” in Liver Resection and Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Worldwide Survey of 100 Liver Centers

Background: New strategies have been developed to expand indications for liver surgery. The objective was to evaluate the current practice worldwide regarding critical liver mass and manipulation of the liver volume. Methods: A survey was sent to 133 liver centers worldwide, which focused on (a) critical liver volume, (b) preoperative manipulation of the liver mass, and (c) use of liver biopsy and metabolic tests. Results: The overall response rate to the survey was 75%. Half of the centers performed more than 100 resections per year; 86% had an associated liver transplant program. The minimal remnant liver volume for resection was 25% (15-40%) in cases of normal liver parenchyma and 50% (25-90%) in the presence of underlying cirrhosis. The minimal remnant liver volume for living donors was 40% (30-50%), whereas the accepted graft body weight ratio was 0.8 (0.6-1.2). Portal vein occlusion to manipulate the liver volume before resection was performed in 89% of the centers. Conclusions: Limits of liver volume and the current practice of liver manipulation before resection were comparable among different centers and continents. The minimal remnant liver volume in normal liver was 25%, and more than 80% of the centers performed portal vein occlusio

Zur Entwicklung der Theorie des staatsmonopolistischen Kapitalismus

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