Phytoconstituents and bioactivity of plants of the genus Spiraea L. (Rosaceae): A review

The genus Spiraea L. belongs to the Rosaceae Juss. family and includes more than 100 species distributed in the temperate zone and subtropical zone of the Northern Hemisphere at the center of species diversity in East Asia. Representatives of the genus are known as ornamental plants with many forms and varieties, are widely used in conventional medicine, and have a high resource potential. This review provides information on the diversity of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, and lignans), terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and other classes of secondary metabolites in the species of Spiraea worldwide. The article also presents little-known and hard-to-find data published in Russian concerning Spiraea phytochemistry. The biological activities of extracts and their fractions and of individual compounds having different types of biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal) are discussed. Data about biotechnological research on representatives of the genus Spiraea are presented too. The analysis of the literature showed that further chemical and pharmacological studies on Spiraea plants are quite promising

PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF VEGETABLES AND FIELD PLANTS IN RESPONSE TO BIOCHAR TREATMENT

The requirements of modern agriculture include besides obtaining maximum yields of crops also maintaining and improving soil fertility and environmental protection. In recent years, interest of usage solid phase (charcoal or biochar) obtained by pyrolysis as soil improver, increases. Biochar is a solid material obtained from the thermo chemical conversion of biomass in anoxygen-limited environment. Additions of biochar to soil have generally been shown to be beneficial for growing crops. From an agronomic perspective it is suggested that biochar could improve soil health by increasing nutrient retention. The present pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar application on the plants photosynthetic activity. The experiment was carrying out on two soil types, treated with different BC ratio. The plants grown on cinnamic pseudopozolic soil show a high content of plastid pigments in comparison with these on alluvial meadow soil. The aim of study is to evaluate the biochar agronomic impact on the plants growth, development and quality indicators

Caesarean section in a semi-rural hospital in Northern Namibia

BACKGROUND: Increasing caesarean sections rates (CSR) are a major public health concern and the prevention of the first caesarean section, which often leads to repeat operations, is an important issue. Analyzing caesarean sections can help to identify factors associated with variations in CSR and help to assess the quality of clinical care. METHODS: In a retrospective observational study, during a two year period, indications of 576 caesarean sections were analyzed using intra-operative internal pelvimetry and a record keeping system in a semi-rural hospital in Northern Namibia. RESULTS: Most caesarean sections were done for dystocia (34%) followed by repeat caesarean section (31%). The true conjugate (distance between the promontorium to mid pubic bone) was significantly smaller in these recurrent indication groups when compared to non recurrent indications. CONCLUSION: In this rural hospital the introduction of Delee Pelvimetry and a caesarean section record keeping system was found to be a simple and cheap method to analyse indications for caesarean sections, which may help in reducing unnecessary caesarean sections

РЕФОРМЫ В СФЕРЕ СРЕДНЕГО И ВЫСШЕГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ КАК ФАКТОР МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

Today the level and quality of education have a direct impact on the economic development of any country. Over the past 10-15 years the Russian state and society have been going through a difficult and ambiguous period of reforming all spheres of life. Obviously the ultimate goal of these reforms is accelerated modernization, a breakthrough in socio-economic and political well-being, the creation of a strong, stable state, the formation of a prosperous society. As a methodology of research the authors used the analysis of scientific literature on the theory and practice of education management; the study of official documents, materials of meetings, conferences, symposia on the stated problem; socio-pedagogical monitoring of the municipality using the methods of mass surveys, content analysis, social, psychological and pedagogical experiment, observation. In conclusion the authors come to need for a well-functioning system of training highly intelligent specialists who will be able to work effectively in high-tech manufacturing of the 21st century of the Russian Federation. New time puts forward new requirements for education, including such as the creation of conditions for mass vocational education while preserving elite higher education based on the principles of the selection of applicants, as well as providing opportunities for citizens at any age, at any time, anywhere, regardless of social status receive any necessary quality education.Hoy el nivel y la calidad de la educación tienen un impacto directo en el desarrollo económico de cualquier país. En los últimos 10-15 años, el estado y la sociedad rusos han pasado por un período difícil y ambiguo de reformar todas las esferas de la vida. Obviamente, el objetivo final de estas reformas es la modernización acelerada, un avance en el bienestar socio-económico y político, la creación de un estado fuerte y estable, la formación de una sociedad próspera. Como metodología de investigación, los autores utilizaron el análisis de la literatura científica sobre la teoría y la práctica de la gestión educativa; el estudio de documentos oficiales, materiales de reuniones, conferencias, simposios sobre el problema planteado; Monitoreo sociopedagógico del municipio utilizando los métodos de encuestas masivas, análisis de contenido, experimento social, psicológico y pedagógico, observación. En conclusión, los autores necesitan un sistema que funcione bien para capacitar especialistas altamente inteligentes que puedan trabajar eficazmente en la fabricación de alta tecnología del siglo XXI de la Federación Rusa. New time presenta nuevos requisitos para la educación, que incluyen la creación de condiciones para la educación vocacional masiva al tiempo que preserva la educación superior de élite basada en los principios de la selección de solicitantes, así como brinda oportunidades a los ciudadanos a cualquier edad, en cualquier momento, en cualquier lugar, independientemente de su estatus social, reciba cualquier educación de calidad necesaria.Сегодня уровень и качество образования оказывают непосредственное влияние на экономическое развитие любой страны. За последние 10-15 лет российское государство и общество переживает сложный и неоднозначный период реформирования всех сфер жизни. Очевидно, что конечной целью этих реформ является ускоренная модернизация, прорыв в социально-экономическом и политическом благополучии, создание сильного, стабильного государства, формирование процветающего общества. В качестве методологии исследования авторы использовали анализ научной литературы по теории и практике управления образованием; изучение официальных документов, материалов совещаний, конференций, симпозиумов по заявленной проблеме; социально-педагогический мониторинг муниципального образования с использованием методов массовых опросов, контент-анализа, социального, психолого-педагогического эксперимента, наблюдения. В заключение авторы приходят к необходимости отлаженной системы подготовки высокоинтеллектуальных специалистов, которые смогут эффективно работать в высокотехнологичном производстве 21 века Российской Федерации. Новое время выдвигает новые требования к образованию, в том числе такие как создание условий для массового профессионального образования при сохранении элитного высшего образования на основе принципов отбора абитуриентов, а также предоставление возможности гражданам в любом возрасте, в любое время, в любом месте, независимо от социального статуса, получать любое необходимое качественное образование

naklada - Zagreb, Croatia USE OF THE COMMUNICATION CHECKLIST - SELF REPORT (CC-SR) IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS CORRELATE WITH POOR PREMORBID SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT

Background: The present study reports preliminary results from the multicentre project on the approbation of the Russian language version of the “The Communication Checklist-Self Report” (RL-CC-SR) and its first use in schizophrenia (SZ), aiming to evaluate the contribution of language disturbances in the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous disorder. Subjects and methods: The study evaluated patients’ clinical state with the Diagnostic Interview for Psychoses (DIP), and assessed language and communication disturbances (LCD) with the RL-CC-SR in all participants (213 healthy controls (HC), 83 SZ patients, 31 SZ first-degree relatives). Data from the current sample of SZ (n=50), and HC (n=213) was analysed to calculate the relationships between LCD, social and clinical variables using descriptive statistics methods, T-test and Pearson’s correlations (SPSS-26, 2019). Results: The quotient scores (<6) and raw scores on all three CC-SR subscales demonstrated prominent LCD in SZ: (i) language structure (LS) (SZ:11.92±8.01, HC:7.54±5.91; <0.001), (ii) pragmatic skills (PS) (SZ:11.30±10.07, HC:8.71±7.39; =0.040), (iii) social engagement (SE) (SZ:31.94±11.76, HC:19.42±10.35; <0.001). In SZ, Pearson correlations of LS scores were significant for the DIP-items Odd Speech (p=0.033), and Social Engagement - Blunted Affect (p=0.042). PS was related to early disease onset (=0.027), poor premorbid work adjustment (p=0.003), along with LS (p=0.005), and was also linked to poor premorbid social adjustment (p=0.005). Conclusions: SZ patients are aware of their LCD at all levels of language structure, pragmatics, and nonverbal communication, but are unable to compensate. Disturbances of LS and PS in SZ patients relate to their poor social adjustment and functioning, and may prove to be associated with the primary negative symptoms domain of the disorder and its generally poor outcome

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac